1 . China is determined to land its astronauts on the moon and set up a scientific station there,according to a project leader.

Zhou Yanfei,deputy chief designer of China's manned space program,said on Friday that China wishes to use the manned lunar missions to carry out scientific surveys and technology demonstrations,explore ways to develop lunar resources and strengthen the nation's space capabilities.

＂A new wave of lunar explorations has been emerging in the world,with participants aiming to make sustainable missions to deepen knowledge of the moon and exploit resources there,"he said in a report delivered at the 2020 China Space Conference in Fuzhou,Fujian province."Unlike other nations,China must depend on its own science and technology to realize our goals."

The country is independently able to land its astronauts on the moon because it has the technologies,a group of well-trained,innovative professionals and high-efficiency research and management systems,Zhou said."However,our existing carrier rockets can't perform landing missions to the moon because they are not powerful enough.The Shenzhou- series manned spaceships are not suitable for lunar expeditions.We don't have a lunar landing capsule,"he said."Our ground support system was designed for operations in low-Earth orbit rather than on the lunar surface.

To solve the problem, we set out to produce a powerful launch vehicle. Zhou said researchers thought about two approaches-making a new heavy-lift rocket,or adjusting the next-generation rocket designed to carry astronauts,which is under development.Researchers prefer the latter approach because it would be easier to design and make and would become operational earlier.

The new rocket is being designed at the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology.Its main body will be 87 meters tall,with a diameter of 5 meters,which would make it almost twice as tall as the Long March 5,currently the biggest of China's rockets.

1. Which is NOT the goal of the manned lunar mission?

A．To explore lunar resources.

B．To perform scientific experiments.

C．To set up a scientific station.

D．To strengthen the national space power.

2. What is the main idea of paragraph 4?

A．China is not capable of pursuing the manned lunar program.

B．There are still difficulties in pursuing the manned lunar program.

C．There are a series of steps in the Manned Lunar program.

D．It is manageable to carry out the Manned Lunar program.

3. What can we infer from the passage?

A．Nations must depend on themselves to explore the moon.

B．The Long March 5 is the biggest of China's rocket.

C．The newly-designed rocket will not carry astronauts.

D．Producing a powerful launch vehicle is the most difficult part in the program.

4. What do the figures in the last paragraph imply?

A．The new rocket is big enough to perform landing missions.

B．The new rocket is being made to launch lunar spaceship.

C．China's scientific power has improved.

D．The new rocket will be put into use soon.

2 . Described as the world’s most environmentally friendly protein（蛋白质）, Solein is made by applying electricity to water to release bubbles of carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Living microbes (微生物) are then added to the liquid to feed on the carbon dioxide and hydrogen bubbles and produce the Solein, which is then dried to make the powder. It’s a chemical change process similar to beer brewing. The dried Solein has a protein content of 50 percent and looks and tastes just like wheat flour.

“It is a completely new kind of food, a new kind of protein, different to all the food on the market today in how it is produced as it does not need agriculture.” Dr Pasi Vainikka, the chief manager of Solar Foods told The Guardian. The process used to produce Solein—changing hydrogen and carbon dioxide is amazing, as the wonder food can be produced anywhere in the world. It’s also 10 time-efficient than photosynthesis (光合作用), and 10 to 100 times more environment and climate-friendly in water use than animal or plant-based food production.

“Solein also contains all the essential amino acid (氨基酸),but because it is produced using carbon and electricity, it does not require large amounts of land to produce, ” the Solar Foods website explains. “Another unique characteristic of Solein is that it is able to take carbon directly from carbon dioxide without needing a source of sugar.”

While Solar Foods does not expect Solein to challenge conventional protein production methods in the next two decades, it does expect it to become a “new harvest” for humanity, which is significant considering so far we have only relied on plants and animals for sustenance. The Helsinki-based company plans to open its first Solein factory at the end of 2021 and increase production to two billion meals per year by 2022.

1. Why is Solein described as environmentally friendly?

A．Because it is man-made by using electricity.

B．Because it contains all the nutrition people need.

C．Because it is made consuming less land and energy.

D．Because it is produced from water and carbon dioxide.

2. What does Solar Foods expect of Solein?

A．It’ll have a rewarding future.

B．It’ll reach consumers in 2020.

C．It’ll challenge traditional protein production.

D．It’ll be a complete replacement for plants and animals.

3. What does the underlined word “sustenance” in last paragraph mean?

A．survival	B．food
C．material	D．support

4. Where is this text most likely from?

A．A textbook.	B．A novel.
C．A magazine.	D．A brochure.

3 . Some students get so nervous before a test. They do poorly even if they know the material. Sian Beilock, a professor at the University of Chicago in Illinois, has studied these highly anxious test-takers. The students start worrying about the results. And when we worry, it actually uses up attention and memory resources（资源）.

Professor Beilock and another researcher, Gerardo Ramirez, have developed a possible solution. Just before an exam, highly anxious test-takers spend ten minutes writing about their worries about the test.

The researchers tested the idea on a group of twenty anxious college students. They gave them two short maths tests. After the first one, they asked the students to either sit quietly or write about their feelings about the upcoming second test.

Professor Beilock says those who sat quietly scored（得分） an average of 12% worse on the second test. But the students who had written about their fears improved（提高） their performance by an average of 5%. Next, the researchers used younger students in a biology class. They told them before final exams either to write about their feelings or to think about things unrelated（不相关的） to the test. Professor Beilock says highly anxious students who did the writing got an average grade of B+, compared to a B-for those who did not.

"What we showed is that for students who are highly test-anxious, and who'd done our writing intervention（干预）, all of a sudden there was no relationship between test anxiety and grades. They were performing just as well as their classmates who don't normally get nervous in these tests."

But what if students do not have a chance to write about their fears immediately before an exam? Professor Beilock says students can try it themselves at home or in the library and still improve their performance.

1. What do the students start worrying about before an exam?

A．Whether they can pass the exams.

B．What other students do during the test.

C．Whether they have remembered the materials.

D．What kind of problems they will meet on the test paper.

2. What is the solution developed by researchers?

A．Making the students focused on the test.

B．Asking the students to sit quietly before the test.

C．Having the students write about their worries about the test.

D．Asking the students to direct the attention away from the test.

3. According to Professor Beilock, those who thought about things unrelated to the test ____________.

A．became less nervous before the test

B．were better at controlling their feelings

C．did worse than those who wrote about their feelings

D．did better than those who wrote about their feelings

4. We can infer from the last paragraph that ____________.

A．writing about our worries before an exam can work a bit

B．we can only write about our worries right before an exam

C．the best place to write about our worries is in the test room

D．it doesn't matter where we write about our worries before an exam

4 . We’ve known for years that plants can see, hear, smell and communicate with chemicals. Now, reported New Scientist, they have been recorded making sounds when stressed.

In a yet-to-be-published study, Itzhak Khait and his team at Tel Aviv University, in Israel, found that tomato and tobacco (烟草) plants can make ultrasonic (超声的) noises. The plants “cry out” due to lack of water, or when their stems (茎) are cut. It’s just too high-pitched (音调高的) for humans to hear.

Microphones placed 10 centimeters away from the plants picked up sounds in the ultrasonic range of 20 to 100 kilohertz (千赫兹). Human hearing usually ranges from 20 hertz to 20 kilohertz. “These findings can change the way we think about the plant kingdom,” they wrote.

On average, “thirsty” tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour, while tobacco plants made 11. When plant stems were cut, tomato plants made an average of 25 sounds in the following hour, and tobacco plants 15. Unstressed plants produced fewer than one sound per hour, on average.

Perhaps most interestingly, different types of stress led to different sounds. The researchers trained a machine-learning model to separate the plants’ sounds from those of the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse. In most cases, it correctly identified (辨识) whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on a sound’s intensity(强度) and frequency. Water-hungry tobacco appears to make louder sounds than cut tobacco, for example. Although Khait and his colleagues only looked at tomato and tobacco plants, they think other plants also make sounds when stressed.

If farmers could hear these sounds, said the team, they could give water to the plants that need it most. As climate change causes more droughts (旱灾), they said this would be important information for farmers. “The sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture (精准农业),” said Anne Visscher at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the UK.

Khait’s report also suggests that insects and mammals (哺乳动物) can hear the sounds up to 5 meters away and respond. For example, a moth (蛾子) may decide not to lay eggs on a water-stressed plant. Edward Farmer, at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland, is doubtful. He said that the idea of moths listening to plants is “a little too speculative”.

If plants are screaming for fear of their survival, maybe we should be glad we can’t hear them.

1. What did Khait and his team find from their research?

A．Plants made low-pitched sounds when in danger.

B．Plants made ultrasonic noises to communicate with each other.

C．Plants picked up a wider range of sounds when stressed.

D．Plants were able to produce sounds in response to stresses.

2. How did tomato and tobacco plants react to different stresses according to the text?

A．A plant reacted to different stresses with the same sound.

B．Cut tomato plants produced more sounds per hour than water-hungry ones.

C．Cut tobacco plants seemed to make weaker sounds than drought-stressed ones.

D．Tobacco plants might make louder sounds than tomato plants when short of water.

3. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 6?

A．Challenges faced by farmers in the future.

B．The potential applications of the research.

C．Farmers’ contributions to the research.

D．What the future agriculture will be like.

4. The underlined word “speculative” in the second-to-last paragraph has the closest meaning to “______”.

A．practical	B．unsupported
C．surprising	D．complicated

5 . Though leaders from the International Olympic Committee(IOC)have announced a first-of-its-kind postponement of the Tokyo Summer Olympics because of the corona virus epidemic,people all over the world are still concerned about its preparations.Officials from the Tokyo Olympic Committee say they are sparing no effort and announce the Tokyo Summer Olympics in 2021 is going green.The 5,000 medals Japan has made are more special than most.

One novel focus of the Tokyo Olympics is to be"sustainable”－to avoid using too many natural resources,so that the games are easy on the environment.As part of this goal,the organizers decided to make all of the Olympic medals out of metal recycled from old electronics.

Almost all electronics are made with small amounts of"precious metals",like gold and silver.But collecting enough of these metals to make 5,000 medals was a huge challenge.That's because the amount of metal in each device is tiny.It would take about 20,000 cell phones to get just l kilogram of gold.

Beginning in April 2017,the organizers placed collection boxes around the country,and asked people to turn in their old electronic devices.Soon people began to respond to the initiative(倡导），turning in smart phones,digital cameras,handheld games,and laptops.At first,collection went slowly,but soon more and more   areas began to take part.By the end,1,621 local governments had helped out with the collection process.

Then came the job of breaking those devices down into smaller pieces.After eing taken apart and sorted, the small electronics were smelted(熔炼）to get all the gold,silver,and bronze elements.This is a tricky job, which calls for careful attention and good skill.It's also dangerous,because some of the metals and other things aren't safe for people to touch or breathe.

By the end of March,2019,the organizers had hit their targets of getting enough metal for the medals. They had collected around 32 kilograms of gold,4,100 kilograms of silver and 2,200 kilograms of bronze.And now all the 5,000 medals are available for the would-be winners.

1. What can we know about the Tokyo Olympics medals?

A．They are hugely valuable.

B．They are of high quality.

C．They are made from e-waste.

D．They are designed uniquely.

2. What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?

A．The difficulty of making the medals.

B．The initiative to recycle used smart phones.

C．The classification of the collected devices.

D．The process of collecting old electronics.

3. The underlined word “tricky” in Paragraph 5 means"

A．creative

B．demanding

C．well-paid

D．time-consuming

4. What's the purpose of Tokyo's way of making the medals?

A．To advocate sustainable use of resources.

B．To promote the spirit of Olympic Games.

C．To introduce a new technique to make medals.

D．To show the gravity of environmental damage.

6 . The Best and Worst Things to Buy in March

Frozen food

Grocery store ads aren't the only places to find deals on freezer-section treats. To take advantage of the deepest discounts, combine coupons (优惠券) from sponsoring brands, such as Dole, Green Giant and Tyson Foods, with grocery store sales. Plus, look for printable savings on Coupons. com and EasyHoreMeals.com. Brands participating in National Frozen Food Month will offer more than 180, 000 coupons that make frozen food among the best things to buy in March.

Boxed chocolates

If you desire to give a gift to a friend in March, consider chocolate. Two minor holidays in March provide the perfect excuse: National Chocolate Caramel Day on March 19 and National Chocolate-Covered Raisin Day on March 24. You can discover chocolate deals online as well as in stores. Head to sites like RetailMeNot.com to find discount coupons for boxed chocolate savings of 10 percent or more.

New cars

With the latest car models filling dealers' lots, you'll have a hard time finding discounted models from the year before. Car dealerships are less motivated to offer steep discounts from March through May. Instead, plan to buy your car during the fall or winter. You should also research the auto you want at TrueCar before heading for the dealership. The site offers information on how much the previous buyers paid for the vehicles you want.

Spring clothing

When warm weather makes you want to head outdoors, resist the urge to do so wearing the latest fashions. You won't find March deals on swimsuits, Easter dresses or other spring items. To find discounts on clothes of this spring, hold off until Memorial Day weekend. You can also look for online and in-store savings at Amazon, Macy's, Saks Fifth Avenue and other retailers.

1. Which things offer discounts in March?

A．Frozen food and new cars.

B．Boxed chocolates and new cars.

C．Frozen food and boxed chocolates.

D．Boxed chocolates and spring clothing.

2. What are the vehicle buyers advised to do?

A．Register on a site in advance.

B．Get discounts from car dealers.

C．Consult some previous buyers:"

D．Make purchases at the right time.

3. Which of the flowing festivals is celebrated after March?

A．Memorial Day.

B．National Frozen Food Month.

C．National Chocolate Caramel Day.

D．National Chocolate-Covered Raisin Day.

4. Where is the passage most likely from?

A．A journal.

B．A guidebook.

C．A catalogue.

D．An advertisement.

7 . At the end of 1978, China put forward a package of new thoughts on national development. The most important of them was to shift the priority of the nation to economic development, which has since become the central task of CPC organizations and governments at all levels. Economic growth was the primary measurement of the development of a region and performance of an official. It became national agreement that economic growth offered the solution to the problems facing China.

Seeing that manufacturing was a strong promoter of economic growth, China's central and local governments put great emphasis on it. But in the 1970s, 1980s and early 1990s the country was short of money to build up this capital-intensive (资本密集) sector, which requires buying equipment and land, building factories, and hiring workers. It therefore looked to foreign investors who were looking for opportunities in the Chinese market.

Foreseeing the multiple benefits of foreign investment including tax contribution, job creation, raise in local income, local governments raced to look for foreign capital. To compete against their peers, some regions offered extra favorable policies like tax cuts or breaks, discounted land prices or even free land. Some even went to the extent of lowering or abandoning environmental protection requirements.

While going after foreign investors, regional governments also struggled to seek domestic banks for loans to local enterprises. Meanwhile, they set up their own financing platforms to raise funds for local manufacturing and infrastructure (基础设施) to stimulate economic growth.

These efforts paid off. The economy rose rapidly all over the country, with few regions reporting GDP growth rate below 10 percent. A series of new infrastructure was completed, and manufacturing sprang in both rural and urban areas. But the side effects soon came up. The supply of low-priced or even free land to foreign investors led to a sharp rise in land development for industrial projects and a steep fall in farmlands. Realizing these problems, China began to correct its neglect of other aspects during the pursuit of economic growth.

1. What central task did the Chinese government advocate in 1978?

A．Environmental protection.	B．Economic growth.
C．Manufacture promotion.	D．Capital accumulation.

2. How did China solve the capital problem?

A．By loaning money from foreign banks.	B．By selling equipment and land.
C．By seeking foreign investors.	D．By raising funds from the public.

3. Which of the following statements is True?

A．China's economy experienced ups and downs.

B．Foreign investment was a win-win policy.

C．GDP growth in many regions was below 10 %.

D．Policies were adopted for better environment.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．China's Problems in Promoting Economy

B．China's Policy in Foreign Investment

C．China's Success in Fighting Against Poverty

D．China's Efforts in Economic Development

8 . Parents around the world often urge children over and over-wash your hands! It can be difficult, however, to get children to remember to wash. But what if washing hands was connected to a fun creative activity? What if instead of simply reaching for the soap, a machine could drop it right into your hands?

Well, such a machine was recently built by a boy and his sister in the U.S. state of Maryland as part of a creative competition.The not-for-profit Rube Goldberg Organization is holding the competition.

Every year, the Rube Goldberg competition assigns a specific task, considering inventions that use complex systems to carry out a simple everyday task. At first, the task for 2020 was supposed to be “turn on a light.” But when the COVID-19 happened, the task was changed to “drop a bar of soap into someone’s hand.”

Those taking part in the competition are schoolchildren. But with schools closed to slow the spread of the virus, organizers changed the rules. This year, the team can include any family members and people were asked to send in recordings of the machines to compete. One thing has not changed: The machine must complete the task in less than 10 steps.

In Maryland, the Diel family wanted to enter. So, Caitlin and her brother Ben designed and built their own Rube Goldberg machine. Next, they had to demonstrate that it could complete the task-throwing the soap just right to be caught in someone’s hand. After 106 failed attempts, they finally had success. With their video demonstration, they can now enter the competition.

Dr. Anne Glowinski teaches child psychiatry (精神病学) at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. She said that “creativity and play” connects with children. It is better than the message. “We have to wash our hands because of this horrible virus”. Glowinski added.

1. What might be a task of inventions assigned by the Rube Goldberg competition?

A．Sweeping the floor.

B．Exploring nature.

C．Writing a novel.

D．Painting the house.

2. What change has been made to the rules of the competition this year?

A．All kinds of inventions are admitted.

B．A video of the entry is qualified to enter.

C．Teachers are encouraged to get involved.

D．The task must be finished within 10 steps.

3. What does Glowinski think of the invention?

A．Practical.

B．Unnecessary.

C．Economical.

D．Complicated.

4. What’s the purpose of the text?

A．To advocate the habit of washing hands.

B．To call on schoolchildren to compete in a contest.

C．To encourage more inventions from everyday items.

D．To introduce a contest making handwashing fun for kids.

9 . Imagine you’re standing in line to buy an after-school snack at a store. You step up to the counter and the cashier scans your food. Next, you have to pay. But instead of scanning a QR code (二维码) with your smartphone, you just hold out your hand so the cashier can scan your fingerprint. Or, a camera scans your face, your eyes or even your ear.

Now, this type of technology might not be far away. As technology companies move away from the traditional password, biometric(生物识别的) security, which includes fingerprint, face and voice ID, is becoming increasingly popular.

In 2013, Apple introduced the iPhone 5s, one of the first smartphones with a fingerprint scanner. Since then, using one’s fingerprint to unlock a phone and make mobile payments has become commonplace, bringing convenience to our lives. And since last year, Samsung has featured eye-scanning technology in its top smartphones, while Apple’s new iPhone X can even scan a user’s face. But despite its popularity, experts warn that biometrics might not be as secure as we’d imagined. “Biometrics are ideally good, but in practice, not so much” said John Michener, a biometrics expert.

When introducing the new iPhone’s Face ID feature, Phil Schiller, Apple’s senior vice president, said, “The chance that a random person in the population could look at your iPhone X and unlock it with their face is about one in a million.” But it’s already been done. In a video posted on community website Reddi, two brothers showed how they were each able to unlock the same iPhone X using their own face. And they aren’t even twins.

“We may expect too much from biometrics,” Anil Jain, a computer science professor at Michigan State University, told CBS News. “No security systems are perfect.”

Earlier this year, Jain found a way to trick biometric security. Using a printed copy of a thumbprint, she was able to unlock a dead person’s smartphone for police, according to tech website Splinter. “It’s good to see biometrics being used more,” Jain told CBS News, “because it adds another factors for security. But using multiple security measures is the best defense.”

1. What is the latest technology to unlock a smartphone according to the article?

A．QR code scanning.

B．Face scanning.

C．Fingerprint scanning.

D．Eye scanning.

2. What’s a major problem of the iPhone X’s Face ID system?

A．It takes too long to unlock the phone.

B．It often fails to recognize its owner’s face.

C．Face data could be used for other purposes.

D．Different faces could be used to unlock the same phone.

3. What does Anil Jain think of biometric security?

A．It’s as secure as traditional measures.

B．It has caused much trouble for police.

C．It should be used with other security measures.

D．It is perfect without any room for improvement.

4. The author wrote this article mainly to ______.

A．describe the popularity of biometrics

B．show how biometrics has changed our lives

C．point out various problems with biometrics

D．discuss the security problems of biometrics

10 . Sometimes big ideas come in tiny packages. That’s true for Bryan Ware, the founder of the nonprofit organization The Crayon Initiative, which recycles the crayons children use at restaurants to give to children in need.

Ware, who has a background in producing and packaging, went out to dinner with his family one night when he took notice of a box of crayons on the table. The restaurant provided them and his boys used them to color on the paper tablecloth. There was nothing unusual about either of the two things. But Ware thought something more. Ware knew that most of the crayons at restaurants would be thrown away after their first use because people worried that germs on them might cause disease. While the wax of a crayon is easy to clean and doesn’t hold many germs, the wrapping paper is a different story.

So now Ware is trying to improve the situation. After speaking with a friend who works as a child life specialist at the University of San Francisco Medical Center, Ware decides to work with hospitals in the area to bring the crayons to their young patients. We know that child life specialists help sick children deal with the uncertainty of their conditions. They hold a child’s hand during medical treatment or provide food and clothing for his or her family members.

So far, The Crayon Initiative has donated over 20,000 packs of crayons to 38 hospitals in 17 states, but it’s the positive influence, not the number, that matters to Ware. Ware recently received a photo from a family whose daughter had unfortunately passed away. It was a picture of a plastic pencil box, and it was what the girl carried with her through her stay in hospital. Wherever she had to go, this was her little box of stuff to keep her happy. These kinds of stories make the effort all worthwhile for Ware.

1. What can we infer from paragraph 2?

A．Ware didn’t think restaurants should provide crayons.

B．Used crayons with wrapping paper hold fewer germs.

C．Restaurants usually provide crayons for kids free of charge.

D．Ware’s idea about his organization came to him by accident.

2. What do we know about child life specialists from the passage?

A．They help doctors look for cures for diseases.

B．They provide food and education for young patients.

C．They bring comfort to kids fighting against illness.

D．They need money to help poor kids pay hospital bills.

3. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A．Ways of Achieving a Big Dream

B．Recycling Crayons for a Good Cause

C．A Successful Man and His Magical Crayons

D．Solutions to the Problem of Crayon Pollution