1 . The public must be able to understand the basics of science to make informed decisions. Perhaps the most dramatic example of the negative consequences of poor communication between scientists and the public is the issue of climate change, where a variety of factors has contributed to widespread mistrust and misunderstanding of scientists and their research. The issue of climate change also illustrates how the public acceptance and understanding of science (or the lack of it) can influence governmental decision-making with regard to regulation, science policy and research funding.
However, the importance of effective communication with a general audience is not limited to hot issues like climate change. It is also critical for issues such as the genetic basis for a particular behavior or the use of animal models because in these areas, the public understanding of science can also influence policy and funding decisions. Furthermore, with continuing scientific advances, more non-scientists will need to be able to analyze complex scientific information to make decisions that directly affect their quality of life.
Science journalism is the main channel for the popularization of scientific information among the public. Much has been written about how the relationship between scientists and the media can shape the efficient communication of scientific advances to the public. Good science journalists are specialists in making complex topics accessible to a general audience, while sticking to scientific accuracy. Unfortunately, pieces of science journalism can also oversimplify and generalize their subject material. As a result, the basic information conveyed is difficult to understand or obviously wrong.
Even though scientists play a part in conveying information to journalists and ultimately the public, too often the blame for ineffective communication is placed on the side of the journalists. I believe that, at least in part, the problem lies in places other than the interaction between scientists and members of the media. It exists because we underestimate how difficult it is for scientists to communicate effectively with a diversity of audiences, and most scientists do not receive formal training in science communication.
1. What does the example of climate change mainly serve to show?| A．Adequate government funding is vital to scientific research. |
| B．Government regulation helps the public understand science. |
| C．The public’s scientific knowledge can influence policy making. |
| D．There is widespread public mistrust and misunderstanding of scientific work. |
| A．It helps scientists to build a better public image. |
| B．It helps them to effectively popularize scientific information. |
| C．It enables scientists to better apply their findings to public health. |
| D．It enables the public to develop a positive attitude toward science. |
| A．They give inaccurate or complicated information. |
| B．They oversimplify people’s health problems. |
| C．They fail to mention the scientific advances. |
| D．They lack detailed information about scientific research. |
| A．Interact more with the media. |
| B．Give training to science journalists. |
| C．Improve their communication skills. |
| D．Arouse the public’s interest in science. |
2 . There should be no doubt in anyone’s mind that the influence of media is growing stronger and stronger as time passes. If you have noticed, the speed at which news travels around the world has become faster with the development and advancement in technology. Media are actually influencing people in different ways.
Whether you admit it or not, watching movies and programs on the television or our laptop, ipad and other mobile devices as we relax takes us away into this different kingdom — that is, there are parts in our being that feels we are the ones in the movie and sometimes we even feel what they are feeling as we get caught in the emotional excitement. The effect of media does not stop when the movie or program ends. And this effect might just be the cause of behavioral changes in people.
With action films, children tend to follow the movie hero, engaging themselves to violent acts thinking that it is acceptable because his hero became successful in the end. There are cartoon programs that show acts of violence and dishonest acts against others. In return, children tend to copy the characters and think that cheating other people is a way to deal with their problems. They learn to transfer these ill behaviors to friends.
There are some television shows and movies that attempt to create an atmosphere to change the view of people towards social issues such as racial discrimination (歧视). In the minds of other people, the effect can be for the better, but some unfortunately for the worse.
There had been examples in the past that young people drunk driving imitating (模仿) their favorite actress. There was also a case where somebody set a subway ticket booth on fire because he saw it in his favorite film. These are just a few examples of the disturbing influence of media on people’s behavior.
An explanation to these bad acts is that these people could not distinguish fantasy from reality. They get caught up in the kingdom of what they had been watching and the images and scenes become deeply rooted in their minds.
So the media is largely responsible for giving people false ideas and unhealthy pictures, which lead to misbehavior against other people, and can create a dangerous cycle among individuals as they attempt to do the same or even worse things to others. The sad reality is, no one is turning off their televisions or disconnecting from these influences. The only way programming of this sort will change is when people no longer buy into it, demand it, and watch it.
1. What does the author want to tell us in Paragraph 2?| A．What it is that changes our emotion. |
| B．How media affect people’s behavior. |
| C．Why we are attracted by movies and programs. |
| D．Whether people feel being taken away from the reality. |
| A．生病的 | B．不吉利的 | C．不良的 | D．难受的 |
| A．They are just the violent people. |
| B．They hope to solve social problems. |
| C．They actually can’t tell fantasy from reality. |
| D．They want to change people’s attitudes towards media. |
| A．Sympathetic. | B．Critical. | C．Supportive. | D．Cautious. |
3 . One of the most beneficial skills you can learn in life is how to consistently put yourself in a good position. But not everyone knows how we can create that foundation. The position you find yourself in today is the accumulation of the small choices that you’ve been making for years.
The ordinary choices that guarantee a strong future go unnoticed. There is no pat on the back for doing the right thing just as there is no slap on the wrist for doing the wrong thing. Reading a chapter of a great book today won’t solve your problems just as not reading it won’t make them worse. Not doing the obvious thing that positions you for future success — rarely hurts you right away. But as the days turn to weeks, weeks into years, and years into decades do the small choices create massively different results.
Whenever this idea is brought up, people are quick to interject. “I do these things and I don’t get the results.” Most of us make the right choices most of the time. But most of the time isn’t the same as all of the time.
For your choices to compound, you need to be consistent. A lack of consistency keeps ordinary people from extraordinary results. It’s like we’re Sisyphus rolling a boulder halfway up the hill, only to throw our hands in the air and go home. When we show up the next day, we see the boulder at the bottom of the hill. Not only did this undermine our progress but it makes getting started even harder.
Excelling at the small choices that compound over time perpetually (不断地) leaves you in favorable circumstances. If you want results you need to pay the price. The price is knowing that time is working on your side even when the results don’t show it yet.
When you look below the surface, giant leaps aren’t really giant leaps at all. If you look for the magic moment, you’ll miss how ordinary becomes extraordinary.
1. According to the passage, what causes most people to fail?| A．Selection difficulties. | B．Lack of perseverance. |
| C．Insufficient exterior support. | D．Shortage of social resources. |
| A．exhibit the way to get compound choices |
| B．prove that a good beginning is half success |
| C．emphasize the importance of being consistent |
| D．explain the difficulty of achieving extraordinary results |
| A．Narration. | B．Argumentation. | C．Practical writing. | D．Expository writing. |
| A．No Pains, No Gains. | B．Time Heals Everything. |
| C．Never Too Late to Mend. | D．Small Steps make Giant Leaps. |
4 . You have probably heard the saying, “When life gives you lemons, make lemonade (柠檬水).” Since lemons are considered bitter and lemonade is considered sweet, the saying tells you to make the best out of a bad situation.
Unluckily, when something bad happens, it’s not uncommon for most people to talk about it to anyone who’ll listen, and complain about life. “Why me?” That’s like getting a bag of lemons and thinking, “Lemons taste bad! I’d rather have chocolate!” If you don’t make anything with the lemons, they will go bad. But what if you did something with them? What if you made lemonade? Isn’t it possible to do something similar with a bad situation?
Here’s an example. You’re about to go to the cinema when you discover you have a flat tire (瘪胎). You consider this a terrible thing for you are really looking forward to enjoying the movie. Now you’re very upset, hating the tire, the car, and your life. But what if you called AAA (美国汽车协会) and got your tire fixed? What if you did some reading, or had coffee with a friend instead? A bad experience can be turned into something positive. Almost anything can work itself out into something better. You can’t change what has happened, so make the best of it. I’m not saying it will be easy. The easy thing to do is complain about your bad situation and not consider what it could be turned into.
Next time when something unfortunate happens, stop and think, “How can I turn this around? How can I make it a positive experience?”
1. What do we know about the saying in the first paragraph?| A．It is encouraging. | B．It is funny. |
| C．It is boring. | D．It is unreasonable. |
| A．Accept it. | B．Complain about it. |
| C．Find out the reasons. | D．Ask others for help. |
| A．there is a flat tire happening sometimes | B．it doesn’t matter to make mistakes |
| C．how to turn something bad into good | D．turning to others for help is necessary |
| A．Trying hard to solve it. | B．Laughing your way through it. |
| C．Thinking more about its goods. | D．Turning it into a positive experience. |
5 . There have been countless books and television series on living with teenagers, yet parents don’t seem to have
“The key to getting teenagers to respect you is to respect them first,” says Penny Palmano, who has written a best-selling book on teenagers. “You can’t
Palmano, who has a daughter aged 19, has even allowed the girl to hold several teenage parties at her home. “I’ve found that if you have brought your kids up to do the right thing, and then
She agrees that teenagers can be annoying: enjoying a world that is free of responsibility, yet
“This would explain why many teenagers can’t make good decisions, control their emotions, priorities or concentrate on several different things at the same time.
The key to
| A．questioned | B．discovered | C．discussed | D．taught |
| A．behavior | B．responsibility | C．issue | D．procedure |
| A．continue | B．stop | C．strive | D．hesitate |
| A．curious | B．ashamed | C．upset | D．unwise |
| A．mark | B．feeling | C．lack | D．level |
| A．instruct | B．require | C．forbid | D．trust |
| A．solution | B．problem | C．opinion | D．voice |
| A．essential | B．grateful | C．desperate | D．famous |
| A．affording | B．failing | C．promising | D．trying |
| A．occupied | B．mature | C．valued | D．fruitful |
| A．In addition | B．By contrast | C．On balance | D．For example |
| A．occasionally | B．intentionally | C．universally | D．significantly |
| A．happiness | B．justice | C．restriction | D．courage |
| A．consider | B．forget | C．encourage | D．forbid |
| A．Therefore | B．Otherwise | C．Furthermore | D．Instead |
6 . It is no accident that many films and shows open with a crazy, action-packed scene that drives viewers to ask: “What’s going on here, who are these people and what do they want?” These scenes are designed to keep us watching.
A scientist who explores climate history by analyzing stalagmites(石笋) held a lecture. At the beginning of her talk, she showed a photo of herself crawling through a cave to collect samples. The audience immediately perked up. Starting with that image, we couldn’t wait to ask why this scientist was crawling around in a dangerous cave, which might have attracted the audience more strongly from the beginning.
However, this particular storytelling technique is perhaps the most appropriate in presentations; research papers typically demand more straightforward reporting of results in the form of a clear abstract. When scientists describe their research to audiences outside their professional field, they often avoid discussing personal trials and sufferings. Instead, they focus only on positive, published results. No one wants to look like a failure, even if such experiences can be vastly valuable. But hiding the hardships might cut out some of your best story material. The research process lends itself perfectly to this narrative concept(叙事概念); it can be described as a winding road of plot twists that reshapes the lives of scientists and our understanding of the world. Invite others to join you for the ups and downs of your research. Instead of just presenting your findings, describe how you reacted to those discoveries. What was the most exciting? How did you get wrong? As Emma Coats, a former Pixar storyboard artist, noted in a list of storytelling principles she posted on Twitter: “You admire a character for trying more than for their successes.”
Try to apply screenwriting strategies to your presentation. After all, as the character Tyrion Lannister states in the television series Game of Thrones, “There’s nothing in the world more powerful than a good story.”
1. What is the common feature of a film and a lecture mentioned in the first two paragraphs?| A．They start with a story. |
| B．They both focus on technical details. |
| C．They reflect the same background. |
| D．They both arouse audiences’ curiosity. |
| A．Became active. | B．Got shocked. |
| C．Became embarrassed. | D．Got lost. |
| A．By using a storytelling technique. |
| B．By outlining the results in brief. |
| C．By describing their report in detail. |
| D．By focusing only on valuable experiences. |
| A．The power of a good story. | B．The advice on research papers. |
| C．The techniques to attract audience. | D．The storytelling technique in presentations. |
7 . Artificial intelligence is one of the most concentrated industries in the world, which influences education, criminal justice, hiring and welfare, But so far the industry has escapedregulation (管理), despite affecting the lives of billions of people, even when its products are potentially harmful.
The COVID-19 pandemic has sped this up. Many Al companies are now promoting emotion recognition tools (ERTs) for monitoring remote workers. These systems map the “micro-expressions”in people’s faces from their video cameras. Then they predict internal emotional states drawn from a list of supposedly universal categories: happiness, sadness, anger, disgust, surprise and fear. However, there is scientific doubt whether emotional states are accurately detected at all. “It is not possible to confidently infer happiness from a smile, or sadness from a frown,” a 2019 review stated.
Resistance to this highly controversial (有争议的) technology is growing; the influential.
Brookings Institute suggested ERTs be banned completely from use by law. The European Union becomes the first to attempt a proposal to regulate AI, but the draft AI act has its problems. It would ban most “real-time” biometric ID (生物识别) systems — but fails to define what exactly real-time means.
Clearly, we need far stronger protections and controls that address such harmful effects on society. However, too many policymakers fall into the trap of “enchanted determinism”: the belief that AI systems are magical and superhuman — beyond what we can understand or regulate, yet decisive and reliable enough to make predictions about life-changing decisions. This effect drives a kind of techno-optimism that can directly endanger people’s lives. For example, a review in the British Medical Journal looked at 232 machine-learning algorithms (算法) for predicting outcomes for COVID-19 patients. It found that none of them were fit for clinical use. “I fear that they may have harmed patients,” said one of the authors.
Many countries have strict regulations and thorough testing when developing medicines and vaccines. The same should be true for AI systems, especially those having a direct impact on people’s lives.
1. What can be inferred from paragraph 2?| A．The COVTD-19 pandemic has sped up the regulation of AI. |
| B．The internal emotional states are only limited to six basic categories. |
| C．There is no reliable link between facial expressions and true feelings. |
| D．People’s micro-expressions accurately reveal their internal emotions. |
| A．To show EU’s resistance to AI technology. |
| B．To show the difficulty in regulating AI. |
| C．To prove AI technology should be banned. |
| D．To prove the act is completely ineffective. |
| A．It shakes people’s confidence in technology. |
| B．It enables people to correctly predict future. |
| C．It misleads policymakers in making decisions. |
| D．It helps predict outcomes for COVID-19 patients. |
| A．AI: Products in Demand |
| B．AI: Strict Rules in Place |
| C．AI: Tight Control in Need |
| D．AI: Technology in Danger |
8 . In a world where comparisons happen non-stop, it is difficult to look outside yourself and to ever be
Nothing useful ever comes from comparison to others.
My opinion is that you are only
Having an image of your most recent past limits is the perfect thing to
If you
| A．patient | B．strict | C．content | D．concerned |
| A．stronger | B．wiser | C．lazier | D．better |
| A．out | B．up | C．inside | D．outside |
| A．end | B．best | C．side | D．convenience |
| A．Whether | B．If | C．Once | D．Either |
| A．fun | B．nothing | C．sure | D．success |
| A．equal | B．unique | C．alike | D．common |
| A．to | B．by | C．for | D．within |
| A．allowed | B．suggested | C．instructed | D．directed |
| A．diligent | B．dedicated | C．optimistic | D．addicted |
| A．declare | B．conclude | C．announce | D．bet |
| A．assistant | B．coach | C．competitor | D．teacher |
| A．lead | B．push | C．expose | D．cause |
| A．difference | B．sense | C．change | D．effort |
| A．commit | B．devote | C．tend | D．contribute |
9 . According to the US economist Robert Gordon, all the “impressive stuff” has been created; we have run out of the big, life-changing ideas needed to encourage rapid economic growth and engineers are now only just making slight changes. Inventions such as mobile phones, Gordon says, have had less impact than, for example, the invention of indoor plumbing (管道系统).
But this is a misunderstanding of how engineers work. There is no “Wow!” moment. The development of new technology happens little by little. You build upon the work of those before you, thinking about what could be done better and what could be improved. It’s an unending task. Michael Faraday invented the first electric motor. But Faraday’s breakthrough followed William Sturgeon’s invention of the electromagnet (电磁铁), and Alessandro Volta’s invention of the battery before that. Faraday would have expected future engineers to pick up the baton (接力棒) later down the line.
Reduced energy supplies, increasing populations and mass urbanization keep clever young engineers awake at night. Those, for example, who enter the yearly James Dyson Award invent things that solve these problems and more. The 2012 winner Dan Watson designed a clever system of escape rings for fishing boat nets that deals with the issue of overfishing — not an exciting topic, but his invention is exceptional. Human inventiveness remains unreduced in the face of new global challenges.
Our problem is patience. We expect new technology at a rate like never before. I can’t tell you the world’s next big invention. Last week brought news that we’ve invented a new way to deal with antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Next week may bring a major development in another field. The biggest thing holding invention back is our impatience. With enough time and support, bright young engineers will develop exciting new technology to solve the world’s trickiest problems. Many have already begun.
1. Why does the author mention what Robert Gordon says?| A．To introduce the topic. | B．To illustrate a new invention. |
| C．To provide background information. | D．To express his opinion about the topic. |
| A．New technology has been developing step by step. |
| B．New inventions fail to deal with new global challenges. |
| C．Michael Faraday set a good model for William Sturgeon. |
| D．Technology helps future engineers achieve success smoothly. |
| A．His young age. | B．His patience with technology. |
| C．His effort to solve real world problems. | D．His wish to win the James Dyson Award. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Uncaring. | C．Disapproving. | D．Optimistic. |
10 . Everyone would agree that it is parents’ job to teach their kids right from wrong. The rise in teen crime suggests that some parents are failing at these tasks. To correct the problem, lawmakers in some states require parents to serve jail time when their children get into serious trouble again and again. The lawmakers hope that this punishment will motivate parents to take their responsibilities seriously.
Supporters of these laws believe that the threat of jail will scare parents into paying more attention to their teens’ behavior than before. They think that these parents would be happy to let the state try to straighten out their kids at juvenile detention centers (少管所), because the centers took the responsibility off the parents’ shoulders. With the new laws, the responsibility is put back on the parents. “The hope is,” a supporter said, “that if parents are held legally responsible, they’ll work harder to keep their youngsters in line.”
However, many people think the laws are unfair. They argue that parents should not be punished for the criminal acts of their children, unless it can be shown there is a contributory fault on the parents’ part.
People who oppose parental responsibility laws also believe that punishing parents won’t create a change in the kids’ behavior. These people argue that parents may not be at fault. The children of good parents can fall in with the wrong kids and get into trouble, they say. Worse yet, if mom is in jail, there may be no one at all to control her kid. …
The unfortunate fact is that jailing a parent punishes the rest of the family. The jailed parent cannot work to help support the family and may also be fired from a job for missing too much work. Furthermore, little evidence exists to support the idea that the threat of punishment improves a parent’s ability to control a teenager. Opponents of parental responsibility laws say that parents who are in this situation need help, not a jail sentence.
1. The phrase “keep their youngsters in line” (in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to “________”.| A．get their kids to stay at home | B．make their kids behave well |
| C．help their kids make a living | D．require their kids to queue in public |
| A．So, they believe that it’s easy for mom to control her kid’s behavior. |
| B．So, they believe that mom should be jailed for her contributory fault. |
| C．So, they believe that lack of mom’s control may then lead to more crime. |
| D．So, they believe that mom’s control has a negative effect on her kid’s behavior. |
| A．parents should never be punished for their kids’ crimes |
| B．jailing a parent may drive the family into a worse situation |
| C．the laws are unfair even if they help parents control their kids |
| D．responsible parents needn’t worry that their kids will commit crimes |
| A．Whether parents should be jailed for their kids’ criminal acts. |
| B．How parents deal with young troublemakers in their daily life. |
| C．What parents need when their kids commit crimes again and again. |
| D．Why laws should be made to hold parents responsible for their kids. |
