2 . There are around 100 tribes(部落)that live in global isolation, mostly in South America and India. The Sentinelese have lived on one of the Andaman Islands in Eastern India for 60, 000 years. They protect their island by fighting against people from outside. Their language is different from any other known language. Another Andaman tribe is the Jarawa. In the past, they were independent and fought against anybody trying to make contact with them. But in 1998, the Indian government built a road across their land, and since then, they’ve had more contact with the outside world.

Some Amazon tribes avoid contact because of unhappy memories. The Mashco-Piro left their vegetable gardens after rubber companies killed most of their tribe at the beginning of the 20th century. Those who survived became nomadic(游牧的)and started hunting animals in the forest.

The Awa live in the Amazon forests ofBrazil. Out of 350 members, 100 have no contact with the outside world. They left their villages and adopted a nomadic lifestyle around 1850 to escape attacks by Europeans. In the following years, farmers in nearby communities started cutting the trees to expand their farmland. The Awa lost most of their hunting land. The few Amazon tribes that still exist are fighting to keep their traditional way of life.

Survival, an organization that fights for the rights of tribal people, says that uncontacted tribes are the most vulnerable(弱势的)humans on the planet and that’s why their environment should be unavailable to the rest of us. After years of pressure, the organization got Brazil’s government to clear non-natives from the Awa land. All non-Awa people are leaving so the tribe can get their forest back.

But some think it's impossible for tribes to stay isolated forever in a connected world. Contact will be made one day. So the question is：Whose choice should it be, ours or theirs?

1. What can we learn about the Sentinelese from the first paragraph?

A．They resist contact from the outside world.

B．They speakthe same language as the Jarawa.

C．They are wild about fighting with other tribes.

D．They have got help from the Indian govemment.

2. Why did the Awa choose a nomadic lifestyle?

A．To protect their hunting land.	B．To search for food sources.
C．To avoid threats from Europeans.	D．To maintain their original way of life.

3. Which of the following would Survival probably agree with?

A．The tribes should be left undisturbed.

B．The tribes should fight for more living space.

C．The cribes should live in harmony with nature.

D．The tribes should adapt to the connected world.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．The Nomadic Tribes in the World	B．Seeking Survival of Tribes
C．The Unavailable Tribal Environment	D．Protecting the Tribal Forests

4 . Every year more people recognize that it is wrong to kill wildlife for “sport”. Progress in this direction is slow because shooting is not a sport for watching, and only those few who take par realize the cruelty and destruction.

The number of gunners, however, grows rapidly. Children too young to develop proper judgments through independent thought are led a long way away by their gunning parents. They are subjected to advertisements of gun producers who describe shooting as good for their health and gun-carrying as a way of putting redder blood in the veins（血管）. They are persuaded by gunner magazines with stories honoring the chase and the kill. In school they view motion pictures which are supposedly meant to teach them how to deal with arms safely but which are actually designed to stimulate（刺激）a desire to own a gun.

Wildlife is disappearing because of shooting and because of the loss of wildland habitat Habitatloss will continue with our increasing population, but can we slow the loss of wildlife caused by shooting? There doesn't seem to be any chance if the serious condition of our birds is not improved. Wildlife belongs to everyone and not to the gunners alone. Although most people do not shoot, they seem to forgive shooting for sport because they know little or nothing about it. The only answer, then, is to bring the truth about sport shooting to the great majority of people.

Now, it is time to realize that animals have the same right to life as we do and that there is nothing fair or right about a person with a gun shooting the harmless and beautiful creatures. The gunners like to describe what they do as character-building, but we know that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony of mortality can make nobody happy. If, as they would have you believe, gun-carrying and killing improve human character, then perhaps we should encourage war.

1. According to the text, most people do not seem to be against hunting because      .

A．they have little knowledge of it.

B．it helps to build human character.

C．it is too costly to stop killing wildlife.

D．they want to keep wildlife under control.

2. The underlined word “agony” in the last paragraph probably means      .

A．difficulty.

B．tress.

C．pain.

D．sadness.

3. According to the text, the films children watch at school actually      .

A．teach them how to deal with guns safely.

B．praise hunting as character building.

C．describe hunting as a physical exercise.

D．encourage them to have guns of their own.

4. By saying “perhaps we should encourage war”, the writer intends to tell us that      .

A．Hunting to build human character makes no sense.

B．War in the best way to improve human character.

C．We are on the edge of war against gunners.

D．Protecting wildlife from gunners is extremely difficult.

5 . Welcome to Fresh Start February! This week Mayor Muriel Bowser announced that I would transition to the private sector. Today, my last official day as the Director of the Mayor's Office of Community Affairs. After serving 6 years in the Executive Office of Mayor Muriel Bowser and 2 of those years as Director, of the Mayor's Office of Community Affairs, I am very excited and look forward to starting this next phase in my career.

I am humbled and grateful to Mayor Bowser for trusting in me to be a leader in her administration and to serve as the primary liaison between you-the members of the community, and 13 community affairs offices to foster relationships across all 8 Wards. What can I say, other than it has been an amazing journey and I am grateful!

This journey has been the very foundation of our work in partnership and collaboration between District of Columbia residents and the Executive Office of the Mayor. We have established partnerships with communities, conducted and coordinated several events, town halls, forums, and projects in support of carrying forward mayoral initiatives at the community level.

We have built stronger ties between the Mayor and community organizations civic groups, and Advisory Neighborhood Commissions (ANCs) while attending to the intersectional needs of the community.

Also, thank you to the 90+ MOCA staff members that have helped me up to provide support to our office directors and District residents throughout the years. Interacting with you all and having the opportunity to work with such dedicared individuals is something I have and will never take for granted. I have often been inspired by the creativity and innovation that they bring to the respective offices. Our work has left a lasting impression on my life.

Again, thank you to our first female two-term Mayor, Muriel Bowser for her leadership and for allowing me to be a part of this great work! I want to thank you for your support throughout this journey, and I am excited about the great work that will continue to go forward. I leave with fond memories of my 8 years total in the John A. Wilson Building.

2 years in the office or Councilmember Anita Bonds and with memories that I will forever cherish. I also know that MOCA is well-positioned to go to the NEXT LEVEL! It has been one of my greatest privileges to serve with you. Until we meet again.

1. А_______________ is a person whose job is to make sure there is a good relationship between two groups or organizations.

A．mayor

B．resident

C．director

D．liaison

2. How many years altogether has the author worked in MOCA?

A．2

B．6.

C．8.

D．10.

3. Who is the author of the speech most likely to address?

A．Muriel Bowser.	B．The private sector.
C．Local residents.	D．MOCA staff members.

6 . A new international study published in PLOS Biology suggests that the popularity of tigers, lions, polar bears and others may actually contribute to their downfall. The researchers used a combination of online investigations, school questionnaires, z00 websites and cartoon films to identify the 10 most beloved animals. The top three were tigers, lions and elephants.

“I was surprised to see that although these 10 animals are the most beloved, a major danger faced by nearly all of them is direct killing by humans, especially from hunting,” said William Ripple, a distinguished professor of forest ecology at Oregon State University and a co-author on the study.“This killing by humans seems sadly ironic （讽刺的）to me, as these are some of our most beloved wild animals.”

Many of these animals are so frequently described in pop culture and marketing materials that they may form an inaccurate “virtual population” that is doing better in the media than in nature, noted lead author Franck Courchamp of the University of Paris. The researchers found, for example, that the average French citizen will see more virtual lions through photos, cartoons, logos and brands in one month than wild lions left in West Africa.

“Unknowingly, companies using giraffes or polar bears for marketing purposes may be actively contributing to the false belief that these animals are not at risk of dying out, and therefore not in need of conservation,” Courchamp said. He suggested in the paper that companies using images of endangered animals for marketing purposes provide information to promote their conservation, and perhaps part of their profits for protection of the animals.

Nearly half of the toy animals sold in the United States on Amazon were one of the 10 beloved animals, while in France some 800,000 “Sophie the giraffe” baby toys were sold last year—more than eight times the number of giraffes living in Africa.

“The appearance of these beloved animals in stores, in movies, on television, and on a variety of products seems to be tricking the public into believing they are doing okay,” Ripple said. “If we don't work together to save these animals, that may soon be the only way anyone will see them.”

1. What is the text mainly about?

A．Animal images are used in marketing.	B．Wild animals are at a high risk of dying out.
C．Animals' popularity in life causes their decrease.	D．Efforts are made to protect animals in danger.

2. What should companies do according to Courchamp?

A．Use animals for marketing purposes.	B．Spare some earnings to protect animals.
C．Avoid providing information about animals.	D．Contribute themselves to marketing research.

3. Why does the author mention “Sophia the giraffe” baby toys?

A．To prove these baby toys are a hit in France.

B．To advertise for the baby toys among readers.

C．To show the distinction between virtual and real population.

D．To indicate giraffes rank higher than other animals in France.

4. What does the underlined word “that” in the last paragraph refer to?

A．Raising animals at home.	B．A close look at the animals.
C．Exposure to animals in the wild.	D．Animals' appearance in the media.

7 . Research shows students learn better when they’re well nourished. Healthy eating has been linked to higher grades, better memory, faster information processing and improved health leading to better school attendance, according to registered dietitian Elisa Zied, author of Feed Your Family Right. On the contrary, unhealthy eating habits can negatively affect learning. Researchers have studied many areas related to eating and learning.

Skipping breakfast can have a negative impact on learning. A higher percentage of breakfast eaters passed a biology exam in one study of college students. It’s also important to eat a high-quality breakfast. In a study of students between the ages of twelve and thirteen, the average mark increased as breakfast quality improved.

Even with breakfast, the brain can run out of fuel before lunch. In one study of students between the ages of seven and nine, having a mid-morning snack improved memory. The children who ate a smaller breakfast and lunch but consumed a mid-morning snack experienced a smaller decline in immediate and delayed memory. Attention wasn’t affected, however. Zied recommends yogurt with blueberries; this fruit has been proven to be linked to better memory in studies. A hard-boiled egg is also a good snack choice.

Kids who eat healthily are more likely to attend school. Without proper nutrition and adequate calories, students often don’t have enough energy to power the brain, resulting in tiredness and learning problems. In fact, alertness(机敏) improved significantly in students eating breakfast in one study of high school students published in the journal Pediatrics.

A study of public school students published in the Journal of School Health linked high intake of sweetened drinks, such as sugary sodas, to lower scores in math tests. A diet high in junk food and sugary sodas is also linked to childhood obesity, which could result in lower cognitive(认知的) functioning, according to the Yale University research. On the other hand, students with healthy eating habits are less likely to be overweight and more likely to learn well.

1. What is an effective way for students to improve their memory?

A．Eating a big breakfast on a regular basis.

B．Staying away from junk food in daily life.

C．Eating something healthy at about 10:00 am

D．Adding yogurt with strawberries to their daily diet.

2. What can we learn from the fourth paragraph?

A．Students will have better attendance at school after eating healthily.

B．Students will have a good performance as long as they are well fed.

C．A high-quality breakfast will make a difference to students, learning.

D．Every student has a strong awareness of eating breakfast.

3. What would happen to students who eat much junk food?

A．They would become less confident at school.

B．They would grow too overweight to work out.

C．They would become unwilling to attend school.

D．They would fall behind other students at school.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．The impacts of eating habits on students’ learning

B．The advantages of healthy eating habits

C．Some suggestions on how to learn better

D．The link between diets and learning

8 . Parking in the CBD of any Australian city is expensive, hard to come by and often an unavoidable headache. But Rylan Kindness, a 16-year-old entrepreneur (企业家) from Brisbane, thinks he might have the answer to this problem.

It was after Rylan realized his parents were spending hours to try and find parking deals in the city that he came up with the idea for a centralized system. This system shows users the best price for parking in the area they want and offers users a daily deal with a discount .

Rylan now doubles as a high school student and the CEO of Parking Deals Australia, a role he took on four months ago. Parking Deals Australia isn't even Rylan's first business. When he was barely 11, Rylan came up with an idea to sell wholesale scooter parts online, purely because he just wanted some extra money. On the side, he's succeeding in other passions as well. However, he admits it hasn't always been smooth sailing.

“I've learned so many crazy things through trial and error. Every day I fail somewhere but I always try to get better. My biggest failure was when I first set up everything and thought it was what everyone else would like but it's a shock when I see people not enjoying what I’m doing. It makes me want to cry a little bit but then I polish the product and keep going.”he said.

While Rylan didn't want to say exactly how much his now-bustling company is worth, he did admit he's making a tidy profit.“I earn more in one day than I was earning for three months working in a cafe but I'm investing it all back into the business.... what I've learned is that if you're starting a business just to make money, you're definitely going to fail. I'm there to help millions of people and that's what really gets me going,”he said.

Rylan's goal with Parking Deals Australia is to take it countrywide and save millions of people millions of dollars.

1. According to the article, the centralized system can           .

A．analyze users' parking habits	B．recommend the cheapest parking spaces
C．show the nearest parking lot	D．show available parking spaces

2. What can we learn about Rylan Kindness?

A．He got the idea for the parking system from his parents directly.

B．He left school to run his own company four months ago.

C．He displayed a talent for business when he was about 11.

D．He started his business purely for profits.

3. What is Rylan's main purpose for his business?

A．To assist people while making a profit.

B．To earn some extra money and make bigger investments.

C．To get improvement by working through failures.

D．To expand his influence on a national scale.

4. How do you find Rylan?

A．Hardworking and humor.	B．Bright and curious.
C．Generous and cautious.	D．Ambitious and insistent.

9 . Pachyrhynchus weevils(球背象鼻虫）are found on most islands in the eastern Pacific Ocean. If these weevils could fly. that would not be surprising. But they cannot. Why they are so widespread is therefore unknown. But it is one that Dr Huang Wenshan from Taiwan.China thinks he has solved.

One theory. which dates back to 1923. is that the insects are lifted up by a tiny air cavity(气腔）each has beneath its outer shell. which allows the insects to float.Dr Huang' s research into the weevils began when he noted that this theory had never been tested. He discovered. when he put it to the test. that the insects do. indeed, float. But floating in seawater does not do them much good. In his test. all 57 adults died within two days,Clearly.adult weevils are not good sailors. That does not.however. mean that young weevils are not.

Pactyrhyochas weevils have a preference for laying their eggs inside the fruit of a plant called the fish-poison tree. This reminds us of coconut trees. They drop their fruits into the ocean. which carries them away to start growing on distant beaches. Coconuts are protected from being eaten on their travels by having a hard. thick shell. Fish-poison-tree fruits are also protected from hungry sea creatures. But in their case, as their name suggests. the protection is chemical.

Given the relationship between the insects and the plant. Dr Huang wondered how their larvae(幼虫） would get along if they were deep inside a piece of fruit floating in seawater. So he tested this as well. His experiment showed that such larvae are tolerant of salty conditions. Out of 18 larvae thrown into seawater inside a piece of fruit, two survived for six days. Moreover. these larvae went on to develop into healthy. Sexually mature adults. Two larvae out of 18 surviving for six days at sea might not sound particularly impressive. But Dr Huang argues that such numbers would easily support island colonization(定殖）。

He observes,for example, that the Kuroshio Current, which carries water from the Philippines,past Japan and onwards into the Pacific. moves so swiftly that a piece of fruit caught in it could easily travel 90km in a day - thus solving the question of how a flightless insect can island-hop so effectively.

1. What did the 1923 theory suggest about Pachyrhynchus weevils?

A．They are able to fly very high.

B．They are able to float in water.

C．They lay their eggs inside a fruit.

D．They are widespread in the Pacific Ocean.

2. What can be concluded about fish- poison- tree fruits?

A．They are the food of hungry sea creatures.

B．They provide shelter for young weevils.

C．They are under the protection of thick shells.

D．They travel a long way to grow on distant beaches.

3. What play(s) a key role in helping fish- poison -tree fruits move fast?

A．The Kuroshio Current.

B．Pachyrhynchus weevils.

C．The salty conditions of the sea.

D．The islands in the eastern Pacific Ocean.

4. From which section of a magazine are we most likely to find the text?

A．Travel.

B．Science.

C．Health.

D．Environment.

10 . Different contexts affect food production, processing, trade, marketing and consumption. As a result of this, the food availability, accessibility, and affordability— as well as consumers’ dietary behaviour and nutritional status—vary. One possible picture is presented here to provide an idea on how COVID-19 might impact the global food system.

Consumer demand plays a crucial role in food production and their demands depend on purchasing power and preference. Because of the lockdown, there is no work for many people. As a result, they do not have enough money to buy adequate food for their families. The closure of restaurants, school meals and tourism businesses may reduce the demand for fresh food. People buy frozen. dried and canned food with longer shelf life. Energy-dense, less nutritious foods are often more affordable than fresh and nutritious one.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, COVID-19 is not likely to be transmitted through food. However, workers can get infected by each other if they do not maintain social distance properly. Shortage of labor can not only hamper food production, but also the processing of food.

Around the world, millions of people depend on international trade either for then- livelihood or food security. The virus outbreak might slow down global trade and marketing of food. As a result, countries depending on imported food can face difficulties. The closure of ports and other supply restrictions will hamper food supply. The price of transferring food within and outside of the country may get more expensive. It means import may get more expensive and export may bring less money. On the other hand, the restriction in transport and supply can be the cause of food loss particularly for fresh fruits and vegetables. Companies may face difficulties to import the ingredients for different products which may disturb the production.

1. The passage is mainly about ________.

A．why the food system is easily affected by COVID-19

B．how the world may be affected by COVID-19 outbreak

C．what effect COVID-19 may have on the food system

D．what contexts affect food production

2. How is consumers’ dietary behavior changing now?

A．They are eating more fresh food.

B．Energy-dense food is not popular with them.

C．They buy more less nutritious food.

D．A balanced diet provides adequate nutrition for them.

3. Paragraph 3 is related to food ________.

A．gathering

B．trade

C．market

D．processing

4. Which of the following leads to the shortage of fresh food?

A．Growing concern for food security.

B．Inadequate ingredients.

C．Increased processed food.

D．Limited transport and supply.