1 . Remember when your mom told you not to eat too many candy bars or sweets because they can cause tooth decay (蛀牙)? However, it turns out that chocolate can be more salutary to your teeth than you might expect. Recent studies show that chocolate can effectively fight against tooth decay, as if we need another excuse to eat chocolate.
Chocolate offers protection like fluoride, a main ingredient in most household toothpastes. Not only does chocolate protect our teeth, but it can do so very effectively. Studies show that chocolate has compounds that provide strong protection for teeth. One of the compounds in chocolate, CBH, is shown to protect even more effectively than fluoride.
Tooth decay happens when bacteria work to turn sugar into acids in our mouth. This is why eating foods with high sugar content can lead to more tooth decay. The compounds in chocolate, however, are anti-bacteria and can fight against bacteria in your mouth. The CBH compound in particular also works to strengthen tooth enamel (牙釉质), and protects against tooth decay.
Does this mean you can cat as much chocolate as you want without worrying about your teeth? It depends on the types of chocolate that you like. The protective effect of chocolate is most effective when you chew on cocoa beans. Of course, this option is not very appealing to; most people. A more tasty option is to choose dark chocolate with little sugar content, ideally no more than 6 to 8 grams per serving. For other types of chocolate with higher sugar content, the effect will be lessened. However, because of the protective compounds, it is still better for your teeth than other sweets and desserts containing the same amount of sugar.
1. The word “salutary” in paragraph 1 means?| A．Beneficial. | B．Harmful. | C．Familiar. | D．Useless. |
| A．It can help chocolate cure tooth decay. |
| B．It can effectively stop teeth from decaying. |
| C．It may protect teeth better than toothpastes do. |
| D．It may soon replace most household toothpastes. |
| A．By breaking down acids. | B．By building up compounds. |
| C．By fixing up tooth enamel. | D．By fighting against bacteria. |
| A．Chocolate plays the role of toothpaste. |
| B．Chocolate protects against tooth decay. |
| C．Chocolate is the best choice for teeth protection. |
| D．Chocolate is healthier to teeth than other sweets. |
2 . Pacific Science Center Guide
◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store
Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located (位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.
◆Hungry?
Our exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body? Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour Pacific Science Center closes.
◆Rental Information
Lockers are available to store any belongs during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.
◆Support Pacific Science Center
Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion (热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacificsciencecenter. org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.
1. Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?| A．In Building 3. | B．In Building l. |
| C．At the Laser Dome. | D．At the Denny Way entrance. |
| A．You can have lunch there. | B．The exhibits there will feed your mind. |
| C．There is no place to store your belongs. | D．Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent. |
| A．To tell about the Center’s history. | B．To advertise coming events. |
| C．To introduce special exhibits. | D．To encourage donations. |
3 . There can be magic in the touch of a hand that loves you. It brings comfort and a silent promise that says, “I am here and you are not alone.”
I memorized every detail about my children. As babies, they reached for me whenever they were hungry or tired or just needed to be held. Sometimes, if they woke in the night, just the touch of my hand would ease them back to sleep. They clung to me when they took their first steps and we held hands when crossing streets and walking from the car to their classroom on their first day of school.
As they grew older and more independent, I noticed that they didn't hold my hand much anymore. I told myself it was part of growing up, and I should just be glad they could do things on their own now.
But when you've been needed so much for such a long time, it's hard to step back and feel unnecessary.
Then one day, I was visiting my oldest son in New York, where he was working as an actor on a TV show. As we were about to cross a busy street that was filled with traffic, he grabbed my hand and shouted, “Hang on to me, Mom,” then led me safely across.
At that moment, I realized two things. First, my boy had become a man. Second, it was clear that our roles had changed. We still needed each other, but in different ways than before.
That scene has replayed in various ways with each of my three children. They have all taught me to lean on them just as they once leaned on me, and that we can always lean on each other. We live miles apart, but stay in touch every day. There is magic and comfort and healing in the touch of a hand that loves you, even if it “touches” you from afar.
1. How did the author get along with her children when they were young?| A．She was very strict with them. | B．She overprotected them. |
| C．She was too busy to take care of them. | D．She developed a close bond with them. |
| A．She felt lonely when living apart from them. |
| B．She was worried that they couldn't manage themselves. |
| C．She felt a little uncomfortable when not needed so much as before. |
| D．She was pleased to be able to step back and enjoy herself. |
| A．her son had become mature and reliable |
| B．time with children is always fun |
| C．she needed her son more than before |
| D．she was unwilling to accept the change in their roles |
| A．To explore how to interact with children. |
| B．To describe the growth of her children. |
| C．To show the power of the touch of a hand. |
| D．To present how parents influence their kids. |
4 . A simple, yet powerful UK program has been fighting elderly loneliness by recruiting young adults as volunteers to read to seniors with vision problems and mental diseases.
Lily has benefited from the program having her vision “restored” by 15-year-old Amy, a school girl who was paired with Lily through the Reading Friends project. Lily was a librarian and enthusiastic reader who would read “two to three books every week”. After developing a terrible disease, however, Lily found herself unable to read or watch television for any length of time without her eyes hurting. Not only have Lily’s regular reading sessions with Amy helped to reconnect her with her passion for literature, they have also built a song inter-generational friendship between the two ladies. “I chose a book and she would come along and read it to me,” Lily said. “But we have only got through two books so far because we end up catting too much. We have read two historical novels and get on very well.” Research shows that reading together can help older people to build social networks and connect with others. Evidence also shows that reading has a positive impact on the elderly’s will-being and can reduce the risk of developing mental diseases.
Rose, a teacher, is responsible for connecting school children like Amy with the program—and she says that it has had an amazing impact on the youngsters. “We have wonderful young people at our school and we wanted to get then into the community,” Rose said. “It has been fantastic to see them blossom as well as improving their literacy and social skills. They are meeting community members like Lily that they are making friendships with and library staff can help them, not only with education but outside as well.”
1. What is the main responsibility of volunteers according to the passage?| A．Read books to seniors. | B．Have a chat with seniors. |
| C．Fight diseases for seniors. | D．Make friends with seniors. |
| A．They benefit Lily a lot by restoring her vision. |
| B．They help Amy pick up her love for literature. |
| C．They help Lily volunteer in the reading project. |
| D．They build up the friendship between two ladies. |
| A．By reducing elderly loneliness. |
| B．By curing the elders of vision problems. |
| C．By improving their literacy and social skills. |
| D．By enabling them to read books for a long time. |
| A．forcing | B．employing |
| C．separating | D．promoting |
5 . We didn’t expect to see her again so soon: After a tearless farewell with my daughter, we left her new dorm room but then in the campus we saw her jogging against the August heat. I quickly rolled down the car window and Sarina didn’t miss a step as she turned, nodded at us and waved goodbye. I was in disbelief why the tears hadn’t come when we parted on her first day in university.
Our first separation, the day she left my body, was a nightmare of pain and suffering. While all births are amazing, not all women feel amazed about the births. However, our togetherness in the days and months that followed was so sweet that I felt her small body still seemed to be attached to mine. In the years to come, the sound of her feet running across the wooden floors of our house was like the gentle pounding that reminded me my little girl was here and that someday she would run to the paths I couldn’t follow.
Last year Sarina turned 16 and decided to pursue art in college. She was in excitement about college life with so much to expect but I was uneasy because it would be a long plane ride away from home. I tried to imagine what separation would be like, but I couldn’t. Separation, although on the horizon, still felt distant.
That’s why it wasn’t until the next morning when I awoke in a house absent of her footsteps that the tears finally came—and wouldn’t stop. I understood that Sarina had left the house, and I held onto the memory of her running. When the tears stopped, I was relieved that her body knew what it needed on separation day, and that with our love and support, she had the courage to run into an unfamiliar distance, to glance back, yet to keep moving forward.
1. What happened to the author on her daughter’s first day in college?| A．She burst into tears and had a painful farewell. |
| B．She appeared calm and didn't cry at their departure. |
| C．She asked her daughter to show them around the campus. |
| D．She was cross that her daughter went jogging when they departed. |
| A．To expect her daughter’s bright future. |
| B．To remind herself other daughter's pounding steps. |
| C．To recall the suffering during her daughter’s growth. |
| D．To show the strong attachment between mother and daughter. |
| A．Excited. | B．Worried. |
| C．Relieved. | D．Frustrated. |
| A．A heartbroken separation | B．The story of a successful mom |
| C．How to deal with homesickness | D．Moving forward with love and support |
6 . Food experts say washing could spread the germs on your turkey in the kitchen sink or nearby food. But it's been a challenge trying to convince cooks to stop rinsing （冲洗）off raw poultry. Germs that can make people sick are common in the guts of healthy poultry and are legally allowed to be on raw turkey and chicken. The assumption is that nobody eats their poultry raw, and that thorough cooking will kill the bacteria.
The do — not — wash raw poultry advice from the USDA is relatively new and perhaps hasn't caught on because it goes against the common belief that washing makes things clean, said Chapman. Benjamin Chapman, a study author and food safety expert at North Carolina State University, said the instinct to wash raw poultry goes back at least decades when people relied more on visual clues to spot problems with poultry. Meanwhile, washing hands and surfaces are also important.
But food preparation is a complicated act, and germs from poultry can be spread even if it's not washed, especially when birds are removed from packaging.
The USDA-funded study stresses that point. Researchers sprayed raw chicken with a harmless strain of E. coli （大肠杆菌）and watched volunteer cooks at test kitchens. Among those who washed their raw chicken, about a quarter ended up spreading the bacteria to their lettuce. But even some of those who did not rinse the chicken got germs on the lettuce. And there are other opportunities for germs to survive on turkeys: melting and cooking.
To ensure a bird is thoroughly cooked, they say to use a thermometer to check that the deepest and thickest parts of it have reached 165 degrees. Even after the meal is cooked, you aren't out of the danger zone. To keep turkeys and other leftovers safe, experts say they should be refrigerated after two hours.
1. People don't accept USDA's advice because____.| A．the advice is relatively new |
| B．cleaning seems more trustworthy |
| C．cooks clean the turkey before cooking it |
| D．heat can kill most germs and no one eats raw food |
| A．Food packages carry germs. |
| B．Hands and surfaces are easy to get E. coli. |
| C．Germs from a turkey can be spread whether it is washed or not. |
| D．Multiple methods should be applied to food to get rid of germs. |
| A．Rinse off the turkey before it is heated. |
| B．Keep the turkey away from the lettuce and refrigerator. |
| C．Wash hands and packages before taking out the turkey. |
| D．Use a thermometer to check the temperature of the turkey. |
| A．Culture. | B．Science. |
| C．Education. | D．Medicine. |
7 . Kyle Cassidy and three other members of the Annenberg Running Group were stretching on the grounds of the University of Pennsylvania, waiting for a few latecomers. The Penn colleagues and other community members meet three days a week for a roughly 30-minute jog and an occasional lecture. That's right― during some runs, one of them delivers a talk. Topics range from the brain to Bitcoin.
But on this day last January, it would not be their normal run. The first clue that something was off was the man who sprinted past them. "Running at an amazing pace," Cassidy told Runner's World admiringly. Cassidy discovered why the sprinter was so fleet of foot when another man ran by, yelling, “Help! He took my phone and laptop!"
At that, the group did what running clubs do: They ran, trailing the suspect down the streets of Philadelphia until he ducked into a construction site. The runners split up. Cassidy ran around to the far side of the site to cut the thief off while the others wandered the neighborhood hoping he had dumped the loot （赃物）in a backyard.
No luck. So they decided to ask residents whether they'd seen the guy. When they knocked on the door of one row house, they were in for a surprise. Unknown to them, he had already emerged from the construction site—and was hiding behind a bush by that very house. As the owner opened the door, the suspect darted out from behind the bush ... and right into the arms of campus police, who'd joined the chase shortly behind the runners.
The members of this running group are not hard-core athletes. But they do understand the benefit of a little exercise. ''Running is typically a useless sport where you turn fat cells into heat," Cassidy told The Philadelphia Inquirer. "But occasionally it can be useful, and here was one of those opportunities."
1. Why do the group members gather together?| A．To do some stretching. | B．To have a regular run. |
| C．To deliver a lecture. | D．To cover some topics. |
| A．Dashed. | B．Pushed. |
| C．Jumped. | D．Escaped. |
| A．the assistance of the runners | B．the owner of the row house |
| C．the campus police on patrol | D．the joint efforts of the people |
| A．Athletic and generous. | B．Courageous and ambitious. |
| C．Helpful and humorous. | D．Thoughtful and demanding. |
8 . Occasions like anniversaries, weddings and reunions call for special event venues （场地）.The following places may have a way out. There's no need to spend money creating atmosphere at special event venues. It's built right in!
Hard Rock Cafe Anchorage
415 E. STREET, ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99501
Events, like great music are born of inspiration. Featuring a 13,600-square-foot facility that will seat 275 guests with private event space, we pride ourselves on delivering an exceptional experience with a rock and roll twist for each of our guests.
Business Expo Center
1960 S. ANAHEIM WAY, ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA 92805
The Business Expo Center is Orange County's premier event venue in Anaheim, California. Our flexible 36,000-square-foot expo center is home to space for conferences, trade shows and celebrations. We pride ourselves on providing a memorable experience with excellent flexibility, services, and cost savings. We won't charge customers for on-site parking and provide high-speed Wi-Fi.
Automobile Driving Museum
610 LAIRPORT STREET, EL SEGUNDO, CALIFORNIA 90245
Centrally located in the South Bay beach community of El Segundo, California, the ADM offers a wonderful venue for private parties and corporate events. Conveniently located 5 minutes south of LAX, right off the 405 and 105 Freeways, the 610 Lairport space has a vintage feel surrounded by our primary automobile collection. We offer several different venues inside and outside our facility for diverse events. To better our service, reservations are needed.
Yamashiro Hollywood
1999 N. SYCAMORE AVE., LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90068
Yamashiro Hollywood is a restaurant and therefore, all food and beverages must be handled in house. However, guests are allowed to bring in outside wine and champagne for a corkage fee.
1. What can you do in Business Expo Center?| A．Enjoy free parking. |
| B．Bring in outside wine. |
| C．Experience a rock and roll twist. |
| D．See some automobile collections. |
| A．Business Expo Center. |
| B．Yamashiro Hollywood. |
| C．Hard Rock Cafe Anchorage. |
| D．Automobile Driving Museum. |
| A．They offer optional places. |
| B．They are open to special events. |
| C．They are located in the same state. |
| D．They enjoy convenient transportation. |
9 . Most squirrels don’t hibernate(冬眠). Instead, they store food for the cold season and spend the winter in their nests. But the 13-lined ground squirrel, one species of squirrel in the U.S. Midwest, is not the case. For up to 8 months, the tiny mammals won’t eat or drink anything at all and the heart rate, metabolism(新陈代谢), and body temperature dramatically drop during their long rest, which is similar to bears and other hibernating animals.
To find out how the hibernating squirrels hold back their thirst, a powerful force that could potentially wake them up, and researchers measured the blood fluid of dozens of squirrels. Generally, a high blood concentration(血液浓度) makes animals, including humans, feel thirty. The sleeping squirrels' blood concentration was low, preventing them from waking up for a drink. Even when researchers woke up the torpid squirrels, they wouldn’t drink a drop until the team artificially increased the concentration of their blood serum.
Next, the researchers wanted to know how the squirrels’ blood concentration dropped so low. Perhaps the squirrels drank a lot of water before hibernation to dilute(稀释) their blood, the researchers thought. But when they filmed squirrels preparing for their winter snooze, they found the animals actually drank less water than they normally did.
Instead, chemical tests revealed the squirrels regulate their blood concentration by getting rid of electrolytes(电解质)like sodium and other chemicals like glucose and urea and storing them elsewhere in the body (possibly in the bladder), the researchers reported last month in Current Biology. The finding could also explain how other hibernating animals stay containing water.
This new knowledge might one day help humans with conditions such as diabetes(糖尿病), or astronauts who have launched on long space flights. Unfortunately, even if people can figure out how to drop their blood concentration, it’s unlikely they’ll ever be as cute as sleeping squirrels.
1. What do we know about the 13-lined ground squirrels?| A．They don’t hibernate like many other squirrels. |
| B．They are endangered species in the U. S. Midwest. |
| C．They can live for months without water during hibernation. |
| D．Their heart rule and body temperature are extremely abnormal. |
| A．high blood concentration | B．low blood concentration |
| C．low body temperature | D．high heart rate |
| A．Drinking much water before hibernation |
| B．Not eating anything during hibernation |
| C．Drinking less water than they normally do |
| D．Removing certain chemicals and storing them somewhere |
| A．Objective | B．Positive |
| C．Disappointing | D．Uncaring |
10 . University of Cambridge has several funds to support university athletes. Full information can be found below:
TASS-The Talented Athlete Scholarship Scheme
Launched in April 2004, TASS is designed to help promising young athletes who want to balance their sporting ambitions with a University or college education.
If you would like to be considered for the TASS Scheme, please contact your National Governing Body to see if you are eligible. You can find out more about TASS here.
UCAPP-University of Cambridge Athlete Performances Programme
UCAPP was set up in 1985 thanks to the kind generosity of Mark Hanson, who was a Modern Pentathlete during his time at Cambridge.
This programme aims to provide core services that any high-performance athletes would benefit from including Lifestyle Management, Physiotherapy, Strength and Conditioning, Nutrition Advice, Sports Psychology Support and Gym Membership.
To find out more information, please click here.
The Eric Evans Fund
The Eric Evans Fund was set up in 1996. The Fund is intended to support students who wish to improve their personal sporting performance beyond University level, or to enable them to undertake qualifications in connection with officiating, coaching or the administration of sport.
The fund is managed by the Director of Sport and two other persons appointed by the Sports Committee. If you still have any further question, please send an e-mail to the Managers.
The Hawks Charitable Trust
The Trust was established in January 1996 with a relatively small capital donated by some of the members to provide financial help to current Cambridge University students, male and female, whose sporting activities were being held back by financial problems.
For more information on this Trust, including the qualifications required for application, please see the Hawks Website.
1. What is special about UCAPP?| A．It favors the promising young athletes. |
| B．It requires no qualifications. |
| C．It is intended for high-performance athletes. |
| D．It helps to improve students’ personal sporting performance. |
| A．By visiting the website. |
| B．By sending an e-mail. |
| C．By going to the director’s office. |
| D．By giving a telephone call to the message. |
| A．TASS | B．UCAPP |
| C．The Eric Evans Fund | D．The Hawks Charitable Trust |
