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1 . Ever wondered if dogs can learn new words? Yes, say researchers as they have found that talented dogs may have the ability to grasp new words after hearing them only four times.

While previous evidence seems to show that most dogs do not learn words, unless eventually very well trained, a few individuals have shown some extraordinary abilities, according to a study published in the journal Scientific Reports.

“We wanted to know under which conditions the gifted dogs may learn novel words,” said researcher xuekw Claudia Fugazza from the Eötvös Loránd University in Hungary. For the study, the team involved two gifted dogs, Whisky and Vicky Nina. The team exposed the dogs to the new words in two different conditions.

In the exclusion-based task, presented with seven known toys and one new toy, the dogs were able to select the new toy when presented with a new name. Researchers say this proves that dogs can choose by exclusion when faced with a new word, they selected the only toy which did not have a known name.

However, this was not the way they would learn the name of the toy. In fact, when they were presented with one more equally new name to test their ability to recognize the toy by its name, the dogs got totally confused and failed.

The other condition, the social one, where the dogs played with their owners who pronounced the name of the toy while playing with the dog, proved to be the successful way to learn the name of the toy, even after hearing it only 4 times. “The rapid learning that we observed seems to equal children’s ability to learn many new words at a fast rate around the age of 18 months,” Fugazza says. “But we do not know whether the learning mechanisms(机制) behind this learning are the same for humans and dogs. ”

To test whether most dogs would learn words this way, 20 other dogs were tested in the same condition, but none of them showed any evidence of learning the toy names, confirming that the ability to learn words rapidly in the absence of formal training is very rare and is only present in a few gifted dogs.

1. What was the purpose of the study published in Scientific Reports?
A.To better train dogs’ ability to learn new words.
B.To further confirm previous evidence about dogs.
C.To prove extraordinary memory abilities of gifted dogs.
D.To explore favorable conditions for gifted dogs’ new-word learning.
2. How did the dogs react when exposed to two new names in the first condition?
A.Slow to understand.B.Quick to learn.C.At a loss.D.In a panic.
3. What was found about dogs’ new-word learning in the social condition?
A.Learning through playing applied to most dogs.
B.The social condition helped dogs learn new words.
C.Dogs’ new-word learning turned out to be less effective.
D.Dogs shared similar learning mechanisms with children.
4. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A.Gifted Dogs Can Learn New Words Rapidly.
B.Dogs Identify Newly-named Toys by Exclusion.
C.Dogs Can Acquire Vocabulary through Tons of Training.
D.Gifted Dogs Have Similar Learning Abilities to Humans.

2 . Masks that helped save lives are proving a deadly danger for wildlife, with birds and sea creatures trapped in the shocking number of thrown-away facial coverings. Single-use masks have been found around pavements, waterways and beaches worldwide. Worn once, the thin protective materials can take hundreds of years to decompose. “Face masks aren't going away any time soon—but when we throw them away, these items can harm the environment and the animals,” Ashley Fruno of animal rights group PETA said.

In Britain, a gull was rescued by the RSPCA after its legs became tangled in the straps of a mask for up to a week. The animal welfare charity took it to a wildlife hospital for treatment before its release.

The biggest impact may be in the water. More than 1.5 billion masks made their way into the world's oceans last year, accounting for around 6,200 extra tonnes of ocean plastic pollution, according to environmental group Oceans Asia.

Conservationists in Brazil found one mask inside the stomach of a penguin after its body was washed up on a beach, while a dead pufferfish was discovered caught inside another off the coast of Miami. French campaigners found a dead crab trapped in a mask near the Mediterranean. Masks and gloves are “particularly problematic” for sea creatures, says George Leonard, chief scientist from NGO Ocean Conservancy. “When those plastics break down in the environment, they then enter the food chain and impact entire ecosystems.” he added.

There has been a shift towards greater use of reusable cloth masks as the pandemic has worn on, but many are still using the lighter single-use varieties. Campaigners have urged people to bin them properly and cut the straps to reduce the risk of animals becoming trapped. Oceans Asia has also called on governments to increase fines for littering and encourage the use of washable masks.

1. What's Paragraph 1 mainly about?
A.The problem of littering masks.B.The long time to break down masks.
C.The threat of masks to wildlife.D.The protective use of masks to people.
2. What did the animal welfare charity do to the gull?
A.They gave first aid to the bird.B.They released the bird at once.
C.They kept the bird for about a week.D.They sent the bird to hospital.
3. How is Paragraph 4 developed?
A.By providing examples.B.By giving explanations.
C.By making comparisons.D.By analyzing causes.
4. Which measure has been taken to help solve the problem?
A.Forbidding the use of single-use masks.B.Wearing reusable cloth masks.
C.Cutting the masks up before throwing.D.Increasing fines for binning masks.

3 . Li Bai is regarded as the greatest romantic poet of the Tang Dynasty and a representative of the High Tang culture, combination of realistic Northern culture represented by Confucian philosophy and romantic Southern culture represented by Taoist philosophy. But he could neither realize his Confucian ideal to serve the country nor find spiritual freedom in Taoism, so he could only chant poetry and drink wine to drown his sorrow as described by Du Fu in Eight Immortal Drinkers. Here we see the tragedy of a genuine staying lonely on earth like an angel fallen from Heaven. His poetry is marked by male greatness in the Waterfall in Mount Lu Viewed from Afar, in which we see the mountain cloud from down below and the Silver River, Chinese name for the Milky Way, fall from on high, and heaven and earth seem to merge into one, that is the Chinese way of communion with nature. In his poetry, we can find his love of nature, of freedom, of the people, of his friends, in short, of truth, good and beauty.

Li Bai is best known for the extraordinary imagination and striking Taoist imagery in his poetry, as well as for his great love for liquor. Like Du Fu,   he spent much of his life travelling, although in his case it was because his wealth allowed him to, rather than because his poverty forced him. He is said to have drowned in the Yangtze River, having fallen from his boat while drunkenly trying to embrace the reflection of the moon.

1. What is this passage mainly about?
A.The introduction to a famous poet in Tang Dynasty — Li Bai.
B.The differences between romantic and realistic culture.
C.The extraordinary characteristics of Li Bai’s poems.
D.The travelling experiences while Li Bai made poems.
2. According to the passage the statements are about Li Bai EXCEPT ________.
A.he is a representative of the combination of realistic and romantic culture
B.he could not put his ability to good use in serving his country at that time
C.he had a depressed mental state and only drunk wine and chanted poetry
D.he made the poems in which complaints and dissatisfaction could be shown
3. In his poetry Li Bai mainly described ________.
A.beautiful nature and feelingsB.criticism of social realism
C.relationship between different classesD.cruelty of the officialdom
4. From the poem the Waterfall in Mount Lu Viewed from Afar we can see that ________.
A.the Silver River ran down from the high mountainB.Li Bai loved the beauty of nature badly
C.Li Bai’s poems were written down by a manD.the cloud was like waterfall from high heaven
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4 . New York Walking Tour

♦Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island Walking Tour

Start this exciting guided 4-hour tour by getting early Reserve Line Access boarding on the ferry to Liberty Island. Once there, go inside the base of the statue and head to the observation decks for an awesome view of New York City and its surroundings. Then come back on the ferry to Ellis Island to learn about the history of immigration to America that took place here between 1892 and 1954.

♦Central Park Walking Tour

Walk through Central Park’s most picturesque highlights on a 2-hour tour with a professional photographer. Remember your New York City adventure with unforgettable images of you with family or friends as you circle the towers at Belvedere Castle, walk through paths with flowers in the Conservatory Garden, or feed the swans by the Loeb Boathouse.

♦New York City Architecture Walking Tour

Learn about the history of the buildings that define the New York City skyline on a 3-hour walking architecture tour. Walk down the famous 42nd Street corridor with a longtime New York resident and architectural expert, stopping along the way to learn about Midtown Manhattan’s most iconic structures like the Chrysler Building, Ford Foundation, Grand Central Station and the New York Public Library.

♦Greenwich Village Walking Tour

Greenwich Village is one of New York City’s most beautiful and famous neighborhoods. Take a guided 3-hour walking tour of this legendary Lower Manhattan space. Hear about the famous artists who once lived here, from Edgar Allan Poe to Bob Dylan, Jimi Hendrix and countless others. Walk the winding streets and visit popular Washington Square Park, reliving more than 200 years of history.

1. Why do tourists visit Ellis Island?
A.To know about American immigration history.B.To explore the surroundings of the island.
C.To get a whole view of New York City.D.To observe Statue of Liberty closely.
2. Which tour takes the shortest time?
A.Central Park Walking Tour.B.Greenwich Village Walking Tour.
C.New York City Architecture Walking Tour.D.Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island Walking Tour.
3. What can tourists do on Greenwich Village Walking Tour?
A.Take unforgettable pictures.B.Come across Bob Dylan.
C.Visit New York Public Library.D.Learn about well-known artists.
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5 . While some customs like setting off fireworks and counting down the last few seconds seem universal, many countries have their own unique New Year’s Eve traditions.

Denmark: Break plates

A Danish tradition is to throw plates and dishes against friend’s and neighbor’s front doors. It’s a bit of a popularity contest as the bigger the pile of broken china is the next morning, the more friends and good luck you’ll have in the coming year.

Germany: Pouring lead

In Germany, people melt small pieces of lead in a spoon over a candle, then pour the liquid into cold water. The shapes from the lead pouring are supposed to reveal what the year ahead will bring. If the lead forms a ball, luck will roll one’s way, while the shape of a crown means wealth; a cross means death and a star will bring happiness.

Spain: Twelve grapes of luck

In Spain, one New Year’s tradition is to eat 12 grapes, one for each month of the coming year, to secure prosperity (繁荣). You need to eat one grape with each bell strike at midnight. The tradition dates from 1909 when farmers in Alicante came up with this idea to sell more grapes after an exceptional harvest.

Philippines: Round food, round clothes, round everything

In the Philippines, the start of the new year is all about the money. The locals believe that surrounding themselves with round things (to represent coins) will bring money or fortune. As a result, clothes with dots are worn and round food is eaten.

1. What is believed to bring good luck for the coming new year in Denmark?
A.A red candle.B.Round food.C.Broken china.D.A lead cross.
2. What inspired the New Year’s tradition of eating grapes?
A.A way to make coins.B.An act to keep power.
C.A desire to be popular.D.An idea to gain profit.
3. Which section of a magazine is the text probably taken from?
A.Fashion.B.Travel.C.Culture.D.Entertainment.

6 . On October 3, 1945, a ten-year-old boy stood on stage at a contest. One of his teachers had encouraged him to enter the contest after hearing him sing one morning. He placed fifth.

A few months later, he received a guitar for his 11th birthday. What he really wanted was a bicycle. Two of his uncles gave him basic guitar lessons. But he didn’t like singing in public. He was too shy.

Yet something inside kept pulling him back to music. In 1948, his family moved to Memphis, Tennessee. The boy would spend every moment of his free time on Beale Street, the heart of the Memphis Blues Scene. He’d often bring his guitar to school. Yet his eighth grade teacher gave him a C in music. She told him that he had “no gift for singing”.

In 1953, the young man walked into the offices of Sun Records. But the record went nowhere. He tried out for a local singing group, but failed in the audition. He told his father, “They told me I couldn’t sing.”

Then Sam Philips, the owner of Sun Records heard this young man’s record. Sam invited him back to the studio and asked him to sing as many songs as he knew. Yet even then, it was not going well. The young man was about to go home when he suddenly picked up his guitar and started singing a 1946 Blues song, That’s All Right. Philips immediately began taping; he knew this was the sound he’d been looking for. Sun Records released the album. No one had ever heard anything like it before.

Within three years Elvis Presley(猫王)was an international superstar.

1. What did the boy hope for as the 11th birthday gift?
A.A guitar.B.A birthday party.
C.A bike.D.A music lesson.
2. What can we infer about the boy from the third paragraph?
A.He eventually gave up singing.B.His teacher encouraged him.
C.His family sent him to a music school.D.He was still addicted to music.
3. What does the underlined word “audition” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.A short performance.B.A previous plan.
C.A singing contest.D.A new record.
4. What does the text mainly tell us?
A.Actions speak louder than words.
B.Two heads are better than one.
C.A friend in need is a friend indeed.
D.Where there is a will, there is a way.
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7 . Santo Domingo CityFull Day Tour

Santo Domingo is a magical city, full of history, culture and amazing buildings. It is the first city founded in America. At the beginning of the day we will pick you up at your hotel. On the way to Santo Domingo you will have a tour guide who will explain incredible details about the history of the Dominican Republic. Upon arrival in Santo Domingo you will make a beautiful tour of the most important monuments. You will also be on a romantic street, the first in America, “The Ladies”.

Duration: 6 hours

Hotel Pickup

Hotel pick-up is offered for this tour. Note: if you are booking within 24 hours of the tour/activity departure time, we cannot guarantee hotel pick-up. Once your purchase is complete, we will send you complete contact information (phone number, email address, etc.) for our local operator to organize pick-up arrangements.

Additional Info

Confirmation will be received at time of booking

Not wheelchair accessible

Baby carriage accessible

Service animals allowed

Near public transportation

Babies must sit on laps

Baby seats available

Most travelers can participate

This experience requires good weather. If it’s canceled due to poor weather, you’ll be offered a different date or a full refund(退款)

This tour/activity will have a maximum of 150 travelers

Cancellation Policy

For a full refund, cancel at least 24 hours in advance of the start date of the experience.

1. What do we know about Santo Domingo City—Full Day Tour?
A.Santo Domingo is the oldest city.
B.Someone collects you at any time.
C.It is expected to last for six hours.
D.It will be a self-guided tour.
2. What will the tour provide you with?
A.Wheelchairs.B.Free cars.
C.Service babies.D.Baby seats.
3. In which of the following situations can you get a full refund?
A.When the start date is postponed.
B.If the tour is canceled for some reason.
C.When the service is pretty terrible.
D.If there are less than 150 travelers.
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8 . The best festivals in August

Edinburgh Festival Fringe

The Edinburgh Festival Fringe is the largest arts festival in the world. Last year, the festival lasted 25 days, including 55,000 performances of 3,548 shows in 317 places. The festival started in 1947. Anyone can join in with the performance of their choice.

Wilderness Festival

Wilderness Festival takes place in one of the oldest woods in England. Taking place over four days in nature, people will experience music, comedy, theatre, and dance from Sadler's Wells. All the campsites are made-to-order for different needs, including family camping.

Notting Hill Carnival

Notting Hill Carnival takes place on the streets of Notting Hill in London, England in each August lasting three days. Attracting around one million people each year, it's one of the biggest street festivals in the world. Happening since 1966, Notting Hill Carnival is an essential cultural experience in London.

La Tomatina

Each year, the Valencian town of Bunol gets changed into a red mess as locals and tourists take to the streets and throw tomatoes at each other, creating the biggest food fight in the world, all for fun. This tomato festival has been happening since 1945 and is held on the last Wednesday of August each year.

1. Which festival lasts the longest?
A.Wilderness Festival.B.Edinburgh Festival Fringe.
C.Notting Hill Carnival.D.La Tomatina.
2. What's special about the Wilderness Festival?
A.The campsites are specially offered.B.People can dance with famous stars.
C.People will experience wilderness adventure.D.It is the biggest street festival in the world.
3. What can people do during the La Tomatina?
A.Get dressed in red.B.Experience classic music.
C.Eat as many tomatoes as possible.D.Throw tomatoes at each other for fun.
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9 . Jeremy Savage, aged 17, and Ian Marshall, aged 16, went to the Rocky Mountains with their parents for the weekend. On Saturday morning, the two boys decided to climb Cathedral Mountain by themselves while their parents relaxed at the campsite. After three hours, they reached the top with no problems.

However, trouble began when they started the climb down the mountain. On one very dangerous part of the path, Ian fell three metres off the side of the path. Jeremy was able to climb down to where Ian was. Ian was badly injured and could not move. Jeremy had to decide what to do. He needed help, but he did not want to leave his friend. He used water from his own bottle to clean the dirt and blood from Ian’s face and hands. He tried to help Ian stand up, but Ian’s right leg was hurting too much. They had to wait and hope that someone would come and help them.

When the boys did not return to the campsite that evening, their parents became very worried. They got in touch with park workers and began searching for the boys. Soon more than 20 people were looking for the boys.

As night fell, the boys were still missing. While they waited for help to arrive, Jeremy gave Ian his food and water and he let Ian lie on his jacket so he would be more comfortable. As the evening grew darker, Ian told Jeremy to leave him and go back to their parents, but he still did not leave. Jeremy thought it was too dangerous for Ian to be alone. The night was cold and windy, and Jeremy used his jacket and an extra shirt to keep Ian warm.

At sunrise, Jeremy decided that the only way to help his friend was to carry him. So, they started the long climb back to their parents. Sometimes Jeremy carried Ian on his hack. Sometimes he carried him in his arms. Finally, after four hours, they arrived at the campsite where their parents were waiting. “I will always remember what Jeremy did for me,” said Ian. “He saved my life. That is the greatest thing that a person can do for his friend.”

1. What happened to Ian on his way down the mountain?
A.Ian fell three miles off the side of the path.
B.Ian climbed down to where Jeremy was.
C.Ian was badly injured and could not move.
D.Ian decided what to do because Jeremy was injured.
2. Why did the boys’ parents get in touch with the park workers?
A.Because they knew the boys got injured.
B.Because the boys returned to the campsite with wounds.
C.Because they needed water and food.
D.Because the boys did not return to the campsite that evening.
3. While they were waiting for help, what did Jeremy NOT do for Ian?
A.Jeremy gave Ian his food and water.
B.Jeremy let Ian lie on his jacket so he would be more comfortable.
C.Jeremy left Ian alone to find some help.
D.Jeremy used his jacket and an extra shirt to keep Ian warm.
4. How long did it take the boys to arrive back to the campsite?
A.Four hours.B.One night.
C.Two days.D.About 24 hours.
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10 . If you live near a park, you’ve probably observed this unique squirrel behavior. As winter approaches, these creatures begin what looks like preparation for a wide scavenger(觅食)hunt. In great numbers, these squirrels begin to bury nuts! This kind of behavior raises a lot of questions for squirrel enthusiasts—the most pressing being how the squirrels find their nuts again. Eastern gray squirrels, in particular, bury their nuts far and wide. Scientists themselves aren’t even quite sure of everything that goes into this hiding behavior, but they have some ideas.

For one, scientists have observed gray squirrels frequently burying and reburying their nuts. The scientists assumed that this behavior was to help always keep a fresh memory of the nuts! locations. However, it’s not only memory that the squirrels need to combat(战斗)in order to find their nuts! The gray squirrel community is rampant(猖獗的)with nut stealing. The squirrels can lose up to 25% of their hidden nuts to such thieves! Luckily, the squirrels have developed some clever methods to protect their nuts. Scientists have observed the squirrels creating false caches(储藏)in order to trick thieves. If the squirrels are worried about thieves, they will also start to hide their nuts in difficult-to-reach places(like under bushes or in muddy areas).

While it might be frustrating for squirrels to lose their carefully hidden nuts, it can be beneficial for other organisms. In particular, it can help the forest itself! A study done at the University of Richmond reports that squirrels fail to recover up to 74% of the nuts they bury. This misplacing of so many acorns (the seeds of oak trees), the study says, is likely responsible for oak forest regeneration. When squirrels misplace these buried acorns, they allow for these seeds to eventually grow into full oak trees! The squirrels’ habit of widespread caching is also important to the growth of the forest, as it allows the genetic(基因的)information to spread far.

What seemed like a harmless scavenger hunt is actually part of an endless complex ecosystem in our forests!

1. In what aspect do squirrels puzzle people most?
A.The way they search for food.B.The places they hide in winter.
C.The location of their hidden food.D.The way they recover hidden nuts
2. What can we learn about the gray squirrels?
A.They often fight with each other for food.
B.They tend to feel more secure in bushy places.
C.They are cautious about storing food for winter.
D.They survive largely thanks to their team spirit.
3. What’s the message conveyed in the third paragraph?
A.Squirrels can starve due to lack of food.
B.It can be beneficial that squirrels lose their nuts.
C.It’s easy to get squirrels’ genetic information.
D.Squirrels always misplace their nuts deliberately.
4. Which can be the best title for the text?
A.Why do squirrels steal nuts?
B.How do squirrels survive the winter?
C.The secrets behind squirrels’ burying nuts.
D.The ecosystem in the forest.
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