2 . Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?
| A．You will receive a zero. | B．You will lose a letter grade. |
| C．You will be given a test. | D．You will have to rewrite it. |
3 . I’m fat. I’m too skinny. I’d be happy if I were taller, shorter, had curly hair, straight hair, a smaller nose, bigger muscles, longer legs. Do any of these statements sound familiar? Do you often put yourself down? If so, you’re not alone. As a teen, you’re going through a ton of changes in your body. And as your body changes, so does your image of yourself. Lots of people have trouble getting used to it, and this can affect their confidence.
Some people think they need to change how they look or act to feel good about themselves. But actually all you need to do is to change the way you see your body and how you think about yourself.
The first thing to do is to recognise that your body is your own, no matter what shape, size, or colour it comes in. If you're very worried about your weight or size, go to your doctor to check if things are OK. But it’s no one’s business but your own what your body is like finally, you have to be happy with yourself.
Next, find which aspects(方面) of your appearance you can change and which you can’t. Everyone, even the most perfect-seeming celebrity, has things about themselves that they can’t change and need to accept-like their height, for example, or their shoe size.
If there are things about yourself that you want to change and can, do this by making goals for yourself. For example, if you want to get fit, make a plan to exercise every day and eat nutritious foods.
When you hear negative comments coming from within yourself, tell yourself to stop. Try building your confidence by listing three things in your day that really give you pleasure. It can be anything like the way the sun feels on your face, the sound of your favourite band, or the way someone laughs at your jokes.
1. What can we infer from the first paragraph?| A．Most teens like to have a special body image. |
| B．Many teens can’t accept their body changes easily. |
| C．Teens prefer to change their body image quickly. |
| D．Teens usually change their opinions on their body image. |
| A．change the way other people look at you. |
| B．go to your doctor for advice on how to change your body. |
| C．learn from some celebrities on how to change your body. |
| D．realise you can't change everything about yourself. |
| A．Make yourself fall down. | B．Write down your name somewhere. |
| C．Force yourself to do something | D．Say negative things about yourself. |
| A．how to adjust the changes of your body |
| B．how to build confidence by changing your body |
| C．how to keep an attractive body image |
| D．how to find pleasure in your day |
4 . “However, this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only shows an association.said Horder. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important.” She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied, all of whom were from Sweden, so the results might not be applicable to other groups.
What do we know about Dr Horder’s study?
| A．It aimed to find a cure for dementia. | B．Data collection was a lengthy process. |
| C．Some participants withdrew from it. | D．The results were far from satisfactory. |
5 . Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel (旅社). The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night, and for that, you’ll often get to stay in a central location (位置) with security and comfort.
What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel?
| A．Comfort. | B．Security. |
| C．Price. | D．Location. |
6 . What causes traffic jams? That’s easy: too many cars. No, wrong. Think again. What causes much of the jamming on our streets are traffic lights.
Think of all the hours in your life wasted as your car journey is stopped by lights to let non-existent traffic through, and then ask yourself this: who is the better judge of when it’s safe to go—you, the driver at the time and the place, or lights programmed by an absent regulator（控制器）？……
……
Not only do traffic lights help to lengthen journeys pointlessly, but also the UK’s large number of 24-hour traffic lights amounts to GPH (严重的全球性危险). About 30 percent of our CO2 output is from traffic. Professor David Hegg, the influential transport expert, admits that 40 percent of that comes from traffic waiting. Every litre of fuel burnt produces 2.4 kg of our CO2 and other greenhouse gases. Multiply the minutes of forced waiting at controlled lights by the hours in the day and night, by the days in the year, by the number of vehicles, and the environmental effect becomes clear.
The purpose of the passage is to _________.
| A．call out to stop the traffic lights |
| B．complain about the heavy traffic |
| C．explain how cars pollute the environment |
| D．call on drivers to give way to other road users |
7 . Smith’s story came full circle when she was hired as a first-grade teacher back at Brenham Elementary School. “When I stand in front of my classroom, I am living my dream.” Smith said during a TODAY show. During the pandemic, as some of her students struggled to meet the demands of distance learning, Smith stepped up to the challenge. Noting that many of the kids she teaches came from single-parent families, she began delivering packets of schoolwork to them at home. It’s no wonder Smith’s kids loved her. In a special surprise ceremony, they shouted their praise and held up big colorful signs declaring their devotion.
What’s the students’ attitude towards Smith?
| A．Concerned. | B．Respectful. | C．Critical. | D．Sympathetic. |
8 . However, monitoring underwater volcanoes is a complex task. GPS—which is frequently used to track changes in the surface as magma moves underground—doesn’t work on the seafloor. And obtaining real-time data from seismometers (地震检波器) on the ocean floor is expensive and technologically difficult.
The situation in Tonga has also shown how well the Tonga Geological Services (TGS) has dealt with the latest eruption. “They don’t have a huge amount of money. They don’t have a huge amount of staff,” Janine Krippner added. “But they’re asked to do a huge amount and they have done a really nice job to reduce the possible damages.”
What is Janine Krippner’s attitude to TGS’work?
| A．Skeptical. | B．Positive. | C．Unconcerned. | D．Critical. |
9 . Aristotle said that “happiness depends upon ourselves” and a new study suggests it is possible to physically grow a happier brain through practices like meditation (冥想). Although scientists have known which hormones (荷尔蒙) produce emotions like pleasure or desire, it has been unclear where the feeling of overall contentment and well-being originates from.
To find out, scientists asked 51 volunteers to rate their own happiness levels and then scanned their brains. Interestingly they discovered that an area of the brain called the precuneus (楔前叶) was larger in people who were happier. It suggests that happiness can be worked like a muscle.
What is the researchers’ attitude towards the finding?
| A．Worried. | B．Doubtful. | C．Interested. | D．Optimistic. |
10 . So is Paleo diet good for you? Studies have shown a range of benefits in those who have adopted this diet, especially if they already had health problems, including weight loss, lower blood pressure and better management of diabetes. Many of these benefits are likely to be a result of decreasing the intake of carbohydrates and processed foods. However, research has shown that the advantages of the Paleo diet are not real. Following a restrictive diet that suggests cutting out whole grains and dairy can also lead to vitamin and mineral lack.
What is the author’s attitude towards the Paleo diet?
| A．Positive. | B．Negative. | C．Objective. | D．Ambiguous. |
