2 . What makes a person a giver or a taker? The idea of "give vs. take" takes shape in all interactions (互动)and relationships of our lives. We're either giving advice, making time for people, or we're on the receiving end. We keep changing between the two based on different situations on a daily basis, if not an hourly one.

According to Adam Grant, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, most people are matchers. They make careful observations on takers and make it a point for them to pay something back. They hate to see people who act so generously towards others not receive any rewards. Actually, most matchers will try hard to improve and support givers so that they can get the good they deserve.

Is there a gender factor (性别因素) that plays a part in this?

A study led by Hannah Riley Bowles, a professor at Harvard University, focused on this question. She asked 200 senior managers to sit down in pairs where one person would act as the boss and the other as an employee to discuss salary rise. Male "employees" asked for an average salary of $146 k while the females asked for only $141 k. But why did they not bargain as hard as the men? Simply because they were more likely to be givers.

As a woman, I do enjoy the act of giving up my time, my knowledge, and my care and attention to others. I expect anything in return, but I do tend to pull myself away when I feel like I'm being taken for granted(被认为当然). I also tend to get upset when I see a loved one's continuous actions of kindness go unnoticed. So, it's safe to say I'm 50% giver, 35% matcher and 15% taker.

I do know someone, however, who is 99% giver. They're continually devoting their time, sharing valuable insights (见解) and going out of their way for everyone who crosses their path. Although they've changed the lives of many people, they hardly see any of it returned. But the universe is slowly repaying them; they're now extremely successful, well known for what they do.

1. What can we learn from the first paragraph?

A．Most people think they are givers.

B．People are not always givers or takers.

C．An individual is born to be a giver or a taker.

D．Few differences exist between givers and takers.

2. What can we learn from Grant’s opinion?

A．Most people hate takers.

B．Most people prefer giving to taking.

C．Most people enjoy relying on themselves.

D．Most people balance giving and taking.

3. What did Hannah's study focus on?

A．The role of giving and taking in jobs.

B．The gender difference in giving and taking.

C．The role of men and women in society.

D．The salary difference between women and men.

4. Which of the following represents the author’s point of view?

A．Giving is the shortest path to success.	B．Sharing is the greatest human quality.
C．No good deed goes undone.	D．Givers are worth respecting.

3 . Half decade ago, at the end of my first semester teaching at Wharton, my student Kevin stopped by for office hours. He sat down and burst into tears. My mind started cycling through a list of events that could make a college junior cry: His girlfriend had broken up with him; he had been accused of cheating in exams; he forgot to turn in papers before the deadline. “I just got my first A-minus(减),” he said with his voice shaking.

Year after year, I watch in depression as students are crazy about getting straight A's. Some sacrifice their health; a few have even tried to charge their school after falling short(倒挂). All hold the belief that top marks are a ticket to best graduate schools and rewarding job offers. I was one of them. I started college with the goal of graduating with a 4.0. It would be a reflection of my brainpower and willpower, showing that I had the right stuff to succeed. But I was wrong.

The evidence is clear: Academic excellence is not a strong predictor of career excellence. Across industries, research shows that the connection between grades and job performance is modest in the first year after college and unimportant within a handful of years. Take Microsoft for example, once employees are two or three years out of college, their grades have no bearing on their performance. (Of course, it must be said that if you got D's, you probably didn't end up at Microsoft.)

Academic grades rarely assess qualities like creativity, leadership and teamwork skills, or social, emotional and political intelligence. Yes, straight A students master large amounts of information and reproduce it in exams. But career success is rarely about finding the right solution to a problem—it’s more about finding the right problem to solve. This might explain why Steve Jobs finished high school with a 2.65GPA, and Martin Luther King Jr. got only one A in his four years at Morehouse.

1. Why did the student Kevin feel sad?

A．He was caught cheating in exams.	B．His girlfriend abandoned him.
C．He didn’t hand in his papers before headline.	D．He failed to get straight A's.

2. What did the author once believe?

A．Marks didn’t reflect willpower and brainpower.

B．Top marks meant well-paid job offers.

C．It was wrong to care too much about marks.

D．Straight A's don't bring creative performances.

3. Why are the employees at Microsoft mentioned?

A．To stress the company values employees with top marks.

B．To indicate academic performance is important.

C．To show academic excellence isn’t a strong predictor of career performance.

D．To introduce successful example in the technology industry.

4. What should people focus more on to succeed according to the passage?

A．How to be a creative leader.	B．What to do with detailed information.
C．How to solve a problem.	D．What problems to be solved.

4 . Reducing, reusing, and recycling is a way of life in Sweden. Recycling is required by law and garbage is sorted at home before if goes to a recycling center. Recyclables are sorted into seven categories and recycling stations are within just 300 meters of all residential areas. " Recycling almost everything is a must in Sweden now. It actually feels very uncomfortable when you visit another country and cant find easy ways to recycle, " said Owen Gaffney, an expert at Stockholm Resilience Centre and Future Earth.

But not all of its garbage is recycled. Sweden uses alternatives that include incineratinggarbage to make electricity instead of using fossil fuels（化石燃料）to heat 1.2 million homes. About half of household garbage   is sent to one of the 33 waste﹣to﹣heat plants. Sweden is importing garbage from other countries to keep these plants running. Sweden is also a world leader in turning food waste into eco﹣friendly biogas（沼气）. It has made food waste collection compulsory beginning in 2021. There is a food waste biogas plant, which allows biogas to be used to run public buses and to heat apartment buildings.

Sweden now wants to deal with those remaining items that cannot be recycled by using a circular（循环论证的）economy approach. It means that products can be reused and only recycled when absolutely necessary. The Swedish government formed an advisory group to find a way of making this part of its environmental policy.

This will not work effectively unless people are taught to change their behavior. Now the government is reforming its tax code so that people could get cheaper repairs or buy used things. The large Swedish clothing retailer（零售商）H&M operates a recycling program that gives customers discounts when they bring back old clothing.

Sweden is fighting climate change by doing all the right stuff. Waste recycling and the plans to switch to a circular economy will go a long way in reducing its carbon footprint and will help stop global warming.

1. What do we know about Sweden？

A．Sweden imports household garbage for biogas.

B．It is convenient to recycle things in Sweden.

C．Half of garbage in Sweden is used to produce heat.

D．Everything is recycled after being used in Sweden.

2. What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 mean？

A．Burning.

B．Treating.

C．Throwing.

D．Reusing.

3. What does the advisory group do？

A．Teach people how to save fossil fuels.

B．Conduct a survey about the local economy.

C．Offer advice on environmental policy.

D．Make sure the citizens recycle wisely.

4. How does the government encourage its citizens to reuse？

A．It provides various recycling programs.

B．It cuts down taxes on new products.

C．It gives discounts to regular buyers.

D．It offers lower prices for repairs.

5 . Being a teenager is hard, which is why there are many amazing teen movies documenting the experience.Some are so good that they will become classics in a few years. Here is a list for you.

Mean Girls

"You go, Glen Coco!" "It's not going to happen!" "On Wednesdays we wear pink!" "You can't sit with us!" If you rank teen movies by how many lines（台词） of dialogues will live on forever, Mean Girls will certainly be on top. So many classic lines!

Eighth Grade

This movie will take you back to the eighth grade and remind you of all the good and bad times you had at that age. Kayla, a shy girl, who feels the most connected to the world through social media. It's Kayla's final week in the eighth grade and she promises to make it as great as possible before she moves on to high school.

13 Going on 30

This classic follows Jenna Rink, a girl whose wish on her 13th birthday is to grow up and escape from high school. The next day her wish comes true. She wakes up in her 30﹣year﹣old body only to find that she's an editor of a major magazine in America. Although she loves her new life at first, she quickly finds out that being grown﹣up isn't that much easier than being 13.

Shazam!

Shazam! is about a kid named Billy Batson, who suddenly gets magic powers from the Wizard Shazam. By calling Shazam's name, Billy can be changed into a hero with powers like strength, speed and flight. Like in all the other movies of this kind, in Shazam! Billy is tasked with defeating his enemy who wants to steal all his powers.

1. What is special about Mean Girls？

A．It is about girls' adventures.

B．It ranks first on the movie list.

C．It is aimed at amusing the audience.

D．It contains lots of classic dialogues.

2. Which movie refers to anxiety for adulthood？

A．Eighth Grade.

B．13 Going on 30.

C．Mean Girls.

D．Shazam!

3. What kind of movie is Shazam!？

A．A superhero film.

B．A documentary.

C．A comedy.

D．A love story.

6 . More than a billion people around the world have smart phones, almost all of which come with some kind of navigation（导航） app such as Apple Maps or Amap. This raises the age﹣old question we meet with any technology： What abilities is our brain losing to these apps？ But also, importantly： What abilities are we gaining？

Talking with people who are good at finding their way around or good at using paper maps, I often hear a lot of annoyance with digital maps. North/south direction gets messed up, and you can see only a small section at a time. I can really understand that it may be quite disturbing for the already skilled to be limited to a small phone screen.

But consider what digital navigation aids have meant for someone like me. Although being a frequent traveler, I'm so terrible at finding my way that I still use Apple Maps almost every day in the small town where I have lived for many years.

In many developed nations, street names and house numbers can be meaningful, and instructions such as "go north for three blocks and ---then west" make sense to those familiar with these rules. In Istanbul, however, where I grew up none of those hold true. For one thing, the locals seldom use street names. Besides, the city is full of winding and ancient alleys（小巷） that cross with newer streets at many angles.In such places, you'd better turn to the locals. In the American countryside, however, there is often nobody outside to ask, In fact, along came Apple Maps, like a fairy grandmother whispering directions in my ear. Since then, I travel with a lot more confidence, and my world has opened up.

Which brings me back to my original question： While we often lose some skills after depending on new technology, this new equipment may also allow us to gain new abilities. Maybe when technology closes door, we should also look for the doors it opens.

1. Why do people who are skilled at reading paper maps feel upset？

A．They like reading paper maps.

B．They are confused by digital maps direction.

C．They don't know how to use navigation apps.

D．They are limited to a single smartphone app.

2. According to the text, which is the best way to find the destination in Istanbul？

A．Asking local people the way.

B．Following the navigation app.

C．Getting familiar with the city rules.

D．Looking for street names and house numbers.

3. What's the author's attitude towards the navigation apps？

A．Cautious.

B．Negative.

C．Favorable.

D．Critical.

4. What could be the best title of the passage？

A．Benefits of Navigation Apps

B．Disadvantages of Navigation Apps

C．My World Opens Up by New Technology

D．Have Navigation Apps Worsened Our Brain？

7 . In Paris, the Seine River plays many roles in the city. It separates the Right Bank from the Left Bank, acting as a dividing line in Paris. It provides riverboats as the means of transportation and the opportunity for romantic walks. In addition, lots of Paris’ tourist attractions are located on both sides of the river, including the Eiffel Tower, the Louvre, and so on.

The Basics

One of the best ways to see the Seine is to walk along it. You can also walk across the river on bridges to see some of the most well-known architecture(建筑) in France. Besides, a Seine River cruise (乘船游览) allows you to rest your legs and admire the same sights. If you book a lunch or dinner cruise, you can enjoy your sightseeing as well as a French meal.

Things to Know Before You Go

While you are running through Paris’ main tourist areas, the Seine River is hard to miss. You won’t have to go far to find it. More than 30 bridges cross the Seine within the city limits. You ought to wear comfortable shoes for walking along the banks and bridges. You had better be prepared for crowds on popular bridges like Pont des Arts.

When to Get There

For a peaceful walk, head to the river in the early morning hours before most of the crowds arrive. Or go for an after-dinner walk to take in the reflections (倒影) of the City of Light on the water.

Exploring Canal Saint-Martin

In northeast Paris, the Canal Saint-Martin is connected to the Seine River. It is home to smaller waterways. Instead of the Seine’s busy traffic and noisy tourists, there are some quiet footbridges and friendly locals here. You can walk slowly along the tree-shaded paths and enjoy a more laid-back atmosphere.

1. If you take a boat trip on the Seine, you can ________.

A．get a book about the Seine

B．take part in the boat race in Paris

C．have a free French meal with the captain

D．appreciate the famous buildings comfortably

2. What should you prepare for walking along the Seine according to the author?

A．A guidebook of Paris.

B．A ticket to the Pont des Arts.

C．A pair of shoes suitable for walking.

D．A great deal of knowledge about bridges.

3. What’s the feature of the Canal Saint-Martin compared to the Seine?

A．It’s noisier here.

B．It’s easier to find.

C．It has fewer visitors.

D．It has more beautiful trees.

8 .        In October 2013, Davion Only made an appeal on the Internet. He had learned that his biological mother had died not long before. ”My name is Davion and I've been in foster care (寄养照管) since I was born," he said, “but I'm not giving up hope. "
        The heartbreaking appeal spread quickly, and Only's foster agency received calls from more than 10,000 people. Only ended up travelling to Ohio to live with a family. But after Only got into a physical fight with one of his elder would-be brothers, the family changed their minds.
        Back in Florida, Only passed through four different temporary homes over the following year, until he called Connie Going, his adoption case worker, to make a special request. Only had known Going for nearly ten years, and had asked every year if she would adopt him, but she always hesitated. “I always believed there was a better family than us out there," Going said in an interview. But last July, when Only called and asked again if she might adopt him, Going said something felt different. "When he asked me, my heart felt this ache and I just
knew he was my son," she said.
        So Going, 52, invited Only to start spending time with the rest of her family-her two daughters, Sydney, 21, and Carly 17, and a son Taylor, 14, who she also adopted out of foster care.   Eventually, after seeing how well the arrangement was working, Going, who had rented a bigger home, started adopting Only. Only moved in with her family last December.He officially joined Going's family on April 22, 2015 when the adoption papers went through.
       "Today, I feel blessed and honored to have been chosen to be the parent of all my children," Going said.
1. By making the appeal, Davion Only hoped that

A．service in his foster agency would improve

B．his biological mother would come to him

C．a foster agency would accept him

D．he would be adopted by a family

2. Davion Only didn't live with the family in Ohio because

A．he hated living with them

B．they finally refused to accept him

C．he has received another invitation

D．he often fought with his would-be brothers

3. What do we know from Paragraph 3?

A．Davion Only had fun living in different homes.

B．Connie Going had cared about Davion Only for over ten years.

C．Davion Only had a strong desire to be adopted by Connie Going.

D．Connie Going believed she would give Davion Only what he wanted.

4. After Davion Only joined Connie Going's family,

A．Connie Going bought a bigger house

B．the four kids often had physical fights

C．Connie Going didn't regret her decision

D．another three kids were later adopted as well

9 . Welcome to Adventure land!
Everyone loves Adventure land! The Parks and Exhibitions were built for you to explore, enjoy, and admire their wonders. Every visit will be an unforgettable experience.
The Travel Pavilion
Explore places you have never been to before, and experience different ways of life.
Visit the Amazon jungle (丛林) village, the Turkish market, the Tai floating market, the Berber mountain house and others. Talk to the people there, who will tell you about their lives and things they make. You can try making a carpet, making nets, fishing…
The Future Tower
This exhibition shows how progress will touch our lives. It allows us to look into the future and explore the cities of the next century and the way we'll be living then. Spend some time in our space station and you can even take a "journey" to Mars!
The Nature Park
This is not really one park but several parks.
In the Safari Park you can drive among African animals and see lions, giraffes, elephants in the wild. Move on to the Ocean Park to watch the dolphins and whales.
The Pyramid
This is the center of Adventure land. Need some postcards, stamps or even toys? For all these things and many more, visit our underground shopping center.
1. The Travel Pavilion is built to help visitors _____.

A．realize the importance of travelling

B．become familiar with mountain countries

C．learn how to make things such as fishing nets

D．learn something about different places in the world

2. If you are interested in knowing about what people’s life will be, you may visit _____.

A．the Travel Pavilion

B．the Future Tower

C．the Safari Park

D．the Pyramid

3. If you want to get a toy lion to take home, where will you most likely go?

A．The Pyramid.

B．The Nature Park.

C．The Future Tower.

D．The Travel Pavilion.