1 . When tragedy strikes, some people fall into deep depression (抑郁) sometimes losing hope and even the will to carry on. They may worry continuously about the disaster and suffer nightmares. Other people, however, react differently. Instead of becoming depressed and unable to cope, they are able to deal with painful experiences and move on.
Boris Cyrulnik is interested in this difference of reaction. To find out why some people are so deeply affected, while others are seemingly able to recover, he has devoted his career to the study of psychological resilience (复原力).
Cyrulnik found resilience is a quality that builds through a natural process. He says that alone, a child has no resilience. We build resilience from developing relationships.
Positive emotions and humour are key factors in resilience. Cyrulnik's research has shown that people who are better able to deal with life's difficulties or traumas (创伤)are able to find meaning in hardship, seeing it as a useful and inspiring experience, and even to find ways to laugh. Resilient people always remain able to see how things may turn out for the better in the future, even if the present is painful.
It had previously been thought that people who show more resilience are less emotional in general, but Cyrulnik believed that the pain is no less for resilient people than it is for others; it is a matter of how they choose to use it. The pain may continue, even over a whole lifetime, but for these people it raises a challenge that they decide to meet. The challenge is to overcome what has happened, to find strength in the experience instead of letting it defeat them, and to use the strength to move forward. Given the right support, children are especially able to complete recovery from trauma. Cyrulnik has shown that the human brain is easily influenced and will recover if allowed. If a child is well supported and loved after the trauma, his brain is able to return to normal within a year.
Cyrulnik thinks it important not to label (贴标) children who have suffered a trauma, misleading them to a hopeless future. Trauma consists of two things: the injury and the repeated description of that injury. Often the most damaging post-traumatic experience for children is experiencing embarrassing adult descriptions of events. Labels, he says, can be more damaging than the experience.
1. According to Cyrulnik's research, resilient people are________| A．patient and forgiving. | B．sensitive and controlling. |
| C．optimistic and humorous. | D．considerate and committed. |
| A．They should be treated differently. | B．They should be labeled as poor little ones. |
| C．They should be given the right support. | D．They should be helped to accept the reality. |
| A．Resilience is a person's ability to grow in the face of terrible problems. |
| B．Resilience is found in less emotional people in general. |
| C．Resilience is built either by being alone or communicating with others. |
| D．Resilience is a person's power to avoid painful experiences. |
| A．A biology textbook. | B．A travel guidebook. |
| C．A psychology book. | D．A sports magazine. |
2 . It is in human nature to explore new things. To that end, many countries have been exploring space for many decades, particularly the US, Russia, and countries in Europe.
President Xi Jinping praised the success of the Chang’e 5 mission (使命) in bringing back the country’s first samples (样本) collected from the moon. The whole country is proud of this breakthrough. The Chang’e 5 mission has achieved many significant breakthroughs, including China’s first lunar (月球的) surface sampling, first liftoff from the moon and the first spacecraft with the ability to gather and meet in lunar orbit with samples to re-enter the Earth s atmosphere.
The success of the Chang’e 5 mission marks a conclusion of China’s current lunar exploration project. The successful re-entry and landing of the Chang’e 5 capsule (太空舱) have enabled China to obtain its first lunar samples, marking a new start for lunar and planetary research. With this achievement, China sets a new milestone in space exploration.
No matter how far China goes into space, it always stays true to its original mission-uncovering the secrets of the universe and contributing to human’s peaceful use of space. China is a peace-loving country and will use its achievements for promoting peace around the globe.
China views these efforts as part of the world’s lunar exploration. It chose a different landing site and is promising to share its samples to enrich the planet’s knowledge. Some foreign scientists have shown particular interest. The exploration is not for commercial purposes, but international scientific research. Human beings shall explore the moon together, as it will finally need large projects requiring international cooperation. China will play a leadership role in the international scientific community.
1. What made Chinese people feel proud according to the passage?| A．Landing on the moon successfully. | B．Gaining admission to exploring the moon. |
| C．Strengthening the ability to promote the peace. | D．Bringing back first samples collected from the moon. |
| A．Horrible but romantic. | B．Fearful but successful. |
| C．Challenging but rewarding. | D．Dangerous but peaceful. |
| A．The original mission remains unchanged. | B．Countries join together to explore the moon. |
| C．China takes pride in the achievements in space. | D．China sets a new milestone in space exploration. |
| A．A poster. | B．A leaflet. | C．A newspaper. | D．A guidebook. |
3 . As an old saying in China goes, “The days of the Sanjiu period are the coldest days.” “Sanjiu period”, which is in Minor Cold (小寒), refers to the third nine-day period (the 19th to the 27th day) after the day of the Winter Solstice (冬至). There are many different customs related to Minor Cold in China.
Eating hotpot
During Minor Cold people should eat some hot food to benefit the body and defend against the cold weather. Winter is the best time to have hotpot and braised mutton with soy sauce. But it is important to notice that too much spicy food may cause health problems.
Eating huangyacai
In Tianjin, there is a custom to have huangyacai, a kind of Chinese cabbage, during Minor Cold. There are large amounts of vitamins A and B in huangyacai. As huangyacai is fresh and tender, it is fit for frying, roasting and braising.
Eating glutinous rice (糯米饭)
According to tradition, the Cantonese eat glutinous rice in the morning during Minor Cold. Cantonese people add some fried preserved pork, sausages and peanuts and mix them into the rice.
Eating vegetable rice
In ancient times, people in Nanjing took Minor Cold quite seriously, but as time went by, the celebration of Minor Cold gradually disappeared. However, the custom of eating vegetable rice is still followed today. The rice is steamed and is incredibly delicious. Among the ingredients (原料), aijiaohuang (a kind of green vegetable), sausages and salted duck are the specialties in Nanjing.
1. What do we know about Minor Cold?| A．It lasts twenty-seven days. |
| B．The Sanjiu period is in this period. |
| C．It refers to the Winter Solstice. |
| D．It marks the first day of winter. |
| A．They fry and toast it. |
| B．They eat it for dinner. |
| C．They steam it with soy sauce. |
| D．They mix it with many other things. |
| A．travel | B．culture |
| C．fashion | D．science |
4 . When you study abroad in France, you can expect to be treated the same as your native classmates, whether in a lecture or a discussion class.
While you can study abroad in France and focus on nearly any subject, it’s the students with a passion for the arts, architecture and history that rush to the country in the largest numbers. And that’s no shock, considering that France has been the center of the arts for centuries.
As students of the arts, you will have to make careful use of your time, given all that France has to offer.
--Visit the Louvre to view the works of French artists such as Monet, Matisse and Renoir;
--Read the works of such French literary geniuses as Baudelaire, Proust and Voltaire;
--Listen to the music of Debussy, or more contemporary (当代的) artists like Air and Daft Punk.
France is also a main destination for architecture students, as you will see architecture in nearly every style:
--The Gothic Chateau de Chambord, built in the 1500s;
--Place Dauphine built in 1607 in Baroque style;
--The post—modern housing development, Marne—la—Vallee.
History students will find that France has been where the action is for quite some time. Over the course of the centuries, it has been the stage for the most important developments in the history of mankind, including the French Revolution, the rise of Napoleon and the rise of the Fifth Republic under President Charles de Gaulle. It was also the site of the D —Day invasion (诺曼底登陆) of world War II.
As a possible study abroad location, France has a lot to offer, because the combination of educational institutions (教育机构), arts and culture, and national history are second to none.
1. What can we learn about studying abroad in France from the text?| A．Few students choose to study in France. |
| B．France is the best place for students who love the arts. |
| C．Students from China are usually treated badly. |
| D．There are no lectures and discussion classes. |
| A．Enjoy Voltaire’s music. | B．Listen to Proust’s music. |
| C．View Monet’s works in the Louvre. | D．Read Renoir’s literary works. |
| A．A study abroad website | B．An architecture advertisement. |
| C．A history book. | D．A fashion magazine. |
5 . Our ships boast a sea of vacation possibilities for every guest. Like the chance to learn Italian, salsa dancing (萨尔萨舞), or the recipe (食谱) for a perfect martini (马提尼酒). To conquer the rock climbing wall and ice skate on the equator. Or slow things down with a hot stone massage (按摩) and duty-free designer shopping. See, do and learn more at sea than you ever thought possible.
North Star
The exclusive North Star promises to heighten your worldview. Simply step into the North Star’s closed, jewel-shaped capsule and gently climb over 300 feet above sea level. Take in breathtaking views of the ocean, the ship, and the exciting destinations that we visit.
Royal Caribbean
Royal Caribbean is teaming up with World Wildlife Fund to save our oceans and protect sea life. Join us in making a difference by symbolically adopting a sea turtle or get involved with numerous other activities both on board and ashore, like the Walk for Sea Turtles. Together we can turn the tide.
SeaPlex
SeaPlex is not only the largest indoor active space at sea, but also the most modern and creative. By day, experience a circus school and flying trapeze (高空秋千), as well as a full-size regulation (正规的) basketball court. By night, the first-ever bumper car (碰碰车) and roller skating offerings at sea will deliver thrills, with music provided by a floating DJ booth that hovers above the activity happening below.
Rock Climbing
Rise to the occasion and take on our signature rock climbing wall. From beginners to speed climbers, everyone can enjoy an unparalleled view from 40 feet above deck. Included in your fare, no reservation required.
1. If you are willing to have a good view of the ocean or sea from above, what should you try?| A．North Star. | B．Royal Caribbean. |
| C．SeaPlex. | D．Rock Climbing. |
| A．People who are fond of eating delicious food. |
| B．People who want to have a turtle as a pet. |
| C．People who want to save some money. |
| D．People who want to listen to music while playing. |
| A．A letter. | B．An advertisement. |
| C．A personal diary. | D．A newspaper article. |
6 . Being able to tell human faces apart is a skill that almost every person has,although some are far better at it than others.But a new study says that this is not just a skill that humans have. Even fish can do it.
Following up on research studying different species’(物种)abilities to recognize human laces(sheep,dogs,cows,horses,and birds have all been tried),the researchers from the University of Oxford decided to pick an animal that does not have an evolved neocortext,the part of the brain that processes sight and sounds,and doesn’t have a close relationship with humans.That way,there would be no reason why these test subjects(实验对象)would have a past history of identifying human faces.
So they picked the archerfish,a reef fish variety that shoots water into the air to knock its prey(猎物)out of the sky.They used this adaptation to have the fish spray water at a face on a monitor hanging over their tanks for a reward.Most of the fish were able to pick apart their learned face,even when colors were taken away.
This study gives more support to the assumption that distinguishing between faces is not just a skill that big-brained organisms are born with.It is possible that a good percentage of recognizing faces is learned over time.The development of neocortext may contribute only to quickly processing a large number of faces in varying situations.
But more work needs to be conducted to find a deeper link to this possible learned behavior. The sample size of this study was very small-only eight fish were used altogether.Also,the faces displayed were only white,female faces from a German database,shown in a front view, with no expressions.Other animal trials have shown that some species,like pigeons,respond more to different angles and varied expressions.
1. The archerfish were picked as test subjects because they| A．have no evolved neocortext |
| B．have close relationship with human |
| C．have a skill of spraying water for a reward |
| D．have a past history of recognizing human faces |
| A．Some animals possess the ability to tell human faces apart. |
| B．Some animals gain the ability to recognize faces by learning. |
| C．The fish’s ability to tell human faces apart is a natural skill. |
| D．The fish’s ability to recognize human faces is related to neocortext. |
| A．To show more faces in a front view. |
| B．To display more white,female faces. |
| C．To test more fish samples to gather more data. |
| D．To test pigeons’ response to varied expressions. |
| A．A diary. | B．A biography. | C．A mystery. | D．A magazine. |
7 . UN Humanitarian Chief Mark Lowcock today released US$15 million from the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) to help fund global efforts to contain the COVID-19 virus.
The announcement came as the World Health Organization (WHO) upgraded the global risk of the coronavirus outbreak to “very high” – its top level of risk assessment. The WHO has said there is still a chance of containing the virus if its chain of transmission is broken.
The UN funding has been released to the WHO and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). It will fund essential activities including being aware of the spread of the virus, investigating cases, and putting national laboratories into use.
The WHO has called for US$675 million to fund the fight against coronavirus. There is a window of opportunity to contain the spread of the virus if countries take strong measures to detect cases early, isolate and care for patients, and trace contacts.
Emergency Relief Coordinator and Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs, Mark Lowcock said, “We do not yet see evidence that the virus is spreading freely. As long as that’s the case, we still have a chance of containing it, by strengthening surveillance, conducting thorough outbreak investigations to identify contacts and applying appropriate measures to prevent further spread.”
“This announcement from the UN’s Emergency Fund will help countries with fragile health systems improve their detection and response operations. It has the potential to save the lives of millions of vulnerable people.” Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General, said,“The potential spread of the virus to countries with weaker health systems is one of our biggest concerns. These funds will help support these countries get ready for detecting and isolating cases, protecting their health workers, and treating patients with dignity and appropriate care. This will help us save lives and push back the virus.”
“At this critical moment, every effort must be made to push back against the outbreak,” said UNICEF Executive Director Henrietta Fore. “These funds will support our global efforts to promote weaker health systems and inform children, pregnant women and families about how to protect themselves.”
1. We can learn from the passage that__________ .| A．WHO referred to the COVID-19 as the medium level of risk assessment |
| B．The virus is still hard to contain even if timely measures are taken |
| C．The fund will help people with weak health |
| D．The fund released by UN is much less than WHO originally demanded |
| A．The examination of the people concerned |
| B．The monitor of the the spread of the virus |
| C．The operation of the national laboratories |
| D．The establishment of the mobile hospital |
| A．Optimistic. | B．Skeptical. |
| C．Cautious. | D．Ambiguous. |
| A．Travel. | B．Health. |
| C．Business. | D．Lifestyle. |
