2 . Most online fraud(诈骗) involves identity theft Passwords help. But many can be guessed. Newer phones, tablets, laptops and desktop computers often have strengthened security with fingerprint and facial recognition. But these can be imitated. That is why a new approach, behavioural biometrics(行为生物识别) is gaining ground.

It relies on the wealth of measurements made by today’s devices. These include data from sensors that reveal how people hold their phones when using them, how they carry them and even the way they walk. Touchscreens, keyboards and mice can be monitored(监测) to show the distinctive ways in which someone’s fingers and hands move. These features can then be used to determine whether someone attempting to make a deal is likely to be the device’s habitual user.

“Behavioural biometrics make it possible to identify an individual’s unique motion fingerprint”, says John Whaley, head of Unifyid, a firm in Silicon Valley that is involved in the field. When coupled with information about a user’s finger pressure and speed on the touchscreen, as well as a device’s regular places of use—as revealed by its GPS unit—that user’s identity can be pretty well determined.

Used wisely, behavioural biometrics could be a great benefit. In fact, Unifyid and an unnamed car company are even developing a system that unlocks the doors of a vehicle once the pace of the driver, as measured by his phone, is recognized. Used unwisely, however, the system would become yet another electronic spy on people’s privacy, permitting complete strangers to monitor your every action, from the moment you reach for your phone in the morning, to when you throw it on the floor at night.

1. What is behavioural biometrics for?

A．To identify network crime	B．To ensure network security.
C．To track online fraud.	D．To gather online data.

2. How does behavioural biometrics work?

A．By limiting and discovering users’ passwords.

B．By spotting and revealing where a device is regularly used.

C．By offering and analyzing users’ facial features.

D．By monitoring and comparing how users interact with devices.

3. What’s the author’s attitude towards behavioural biometrics?

A．Doubtful.

B．Concerned

C．Favorable.

D．Objective.

4. From which section of a magazine can this passage possibly be taken?

A．Science and technology.	B．Health and wealth.
C．Finance and economics	D．Books and arts

3 . Rising numbers of older adults are unable to care for themselves, often leading to serious health problems and even death, according to state and local government agencies. So-called self-neglect cases generally involve the inability to perform basic self-care, such as providing oneself with food, personal health, medication and safety.

Seniors who no longer drive, for instance, are often unable to get to medical appointments, worsening health problems that can make them unable to care for themselves. A fall can result in body injuries leaving one bedridden and unable to care for oneself. Failure to pay bills for public services could lead to service cutoffs. Forgetting to pay rent could lead to the loss of a home.

Mr. Mc-Cormack, 75 years old, and his wife, 71, both had mental illness and stayed in hospitals from time to time, unable to care for their possessions. Despite repeated visits to their home by local officials, the Mc-Cormacks refused assistance. But after they were found living in their car parked outside their house in December 2017, officials removed them from their home and helped them settle in a nursing home.

Self-neglect cases, like above, involved 144, 296 people across the country in 2018, according to a report. The federal government doesn't have comparable data for previous years, but several state and local service providers say they are seeing the self-neglect problem rise.

The reasons seniors stop caring for themselves vary, including illness, depression and poverty. The loss of the spouse or a neighbor who previously kept an eye on an individual often starts a decline into self-neglect, experts say. And the key to reducing self-neglect cases is providing services to enable seniors to remain in their homes safely, such as reliable transportation for medical appointments and shopping, as well as affordable home help.

1. What is the function of Paragraph 2?

A．Give examples of self-neglect cases.	B．Introduce a new topic for discussion.
C．Arouse readers' interest.	D．Summarize the previous paragraph.

2. What can we infer about the Mc-Cormacks?

A．They accepted help from others.	B．They took good care of themselves.
C．They ended up living in the nursing house.	D．They couldn't afford to go to hospital.

3. What is the main idea of the passage?

A．Self-care benefits greatly the seniors.

B．Investigations are conducted on self-neglect.

C．Self-neglect rises among the elderly.

D．The government promotes self-care of the seniors.

4. Where can the passage probably be found?

A．In a guidebook.	B．In a newspaper.
C．In a fairy tale.	D．In a science fiction.

4 . Sunday, 31 August

We’ve been in China for a month now. Dad, Mom, Harry and I moved to Tianjin on 25 August. We’re not very far from Beijing. Two days ago, we celebrated my 16th birthday. It was great celebrating in China; the only thing that was strange was the cake—here they’re not as sweet as the ones in New York. On Monday school starts—I wonder what it will be like.

Monday, 1 September

On my first day I was looking around for a locker to put my books in. However, here all the students keep all of their books at their desks. We stay in the same classroom because apparently we don’t have to go from class to class—teachers come to us!

Today we selected teacher assistants for each subject. Their duties are to collect homework, make announcements, and do other things for the teachers and the students. It’s kind of a big deal here! Since I am from the US, I was asked to be the English assistant. I felt so proud but quite nervous at the same time because I wasn’t sure what I had to do, but I accepted the job anyway.

Friday, 3 October

Boy, what a week! Now we have nine classes every day, including the morning class, a combination of our American schools “Homeroom” and “Study Hall”. I think Chinese students work too much! I have to do my homework when I get back home. I don’t even have time to watch TV or surf the Internet like before. I sometimes miss New York and my school because we didn’t have to study so much. We had more time to hang out with our classmates and neighbors; here, besides their usual classes, students take part in weekend classes in subjects such as English, Chinese and math.

I get a lot of attention, being from another country. Everyone wants to practice English with me! A really cute girl even asked me for my phone number on my second day and sent me a text message! I’m making a lot more friends now. I just need a lot of help to improve my Chinese. Some students want to do a language exchange program with me. Nice!

1. The passage mentions all the following points EXCEPT _______ .

A．physics study	B．food flavour (风味)
C．weekend classes	D．language exchange programs

2. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the teacher assistant’s duty?

A．Collecting homework.	B．Making announcements.
C．Helping teachers with small errands (差事) .	D．Teaching classmates.

3. Where is this passage most probably from?

A．A storybook.	B．A guide book.
C．A diary.	D．A magazine.

5 . A Guide to Disney World Tickets

The Disney World Ticket System may seem complicated(复杂的).This guide to Disney World Tickets will help you decide which Disney World Ticket is the best choice for you and your family.

Walt Disney World Base Ticket

Start with your base ticket-Magic Your Way Base Ticket-and add on options if you need them.

You decide how many days you want to visit the four Disney World theme parks-the Magic Kingdom, Disney's MGM Studios, Animal Kingdom, and EPCOT. Magic Your Way Base Tickets are available from 1 to 10 days. The more days you pay for, the cheaper the per-day cost gets.

Disney Ticket No-Expiration Option

Every Base Ticket expires(到期) 14 days after you first use it. You can add the no-expiration option to your Base Ticket so that your unused days never expire.

Disney Water Park Fun and More

The Base Ticket only covers admission to the 4 theme parks. If you want to visit Blizzard Beach, Typhoon Lagoon, Disney's Wide World of Sports, or Disney Quest you need another Disney ticket or you can add on the Water Park Fun and More option to your Base Ticket. The amount of visits to the Water Park or Disney Quest depends on the number of days on your Base Ticket. So a 2-Day Ticket with Water Park Fun and More will give you 2 visits to the Water Parks; a 4-Day will give you 4 visits and so on.

Disney Park Hopper Ticket

The Base Ticket allows you to visit one Disney park each day. The Disney Park Hopper option lets you move from one park to another on the same day. So if you started in Animal Kingdom you could move to Magic Kingdom or one of the other theme parks on the same day.

The cost for this option is $ 53.25 per ticket regardless of the number of days you have on your Base Ticket. So it may be a good option for a 10-day ticket but not so great for a 2-day. It does take time to transfer(移动)between parks-Disney World is huge-so work out whether this is going to be the way your family want to visit.

1. Which would you purchase if you wanted your Base Ticket to be available within a year?

A．Disney Ticket No-Expiration Option.	B．Magic Your Way Base Ticket.
C．Disney Park Hopper Ticket.	D．Disney Water Park Fun and More.

2. What is the purpose of adding Disney Park Hopper option to the Base Ticket?

A．To visit the Disney Water Park.	B．To visit one theme park per day.
C．To visit more than one theme park per day.	D．To visit the theme parks all the year around.

3. Where would you probably find this passage?

A．On a factory website.	B．In a travel brochure.
C．On a school notice board.	D．In a fashion publication.

6 . Food experts say washing could spread the germs on your turkey in the kitchen sink or nearby food. But it's been a challenge trying to convince cooks to stop rinsing(冲洗）off raw poultry. Germs that can make people sick are common in the guts of healthy poultry and are legally allowed to be on raw turkey and chicken. The assumption is that nobody eats their poultry raw, and that thorough cooking will kill the bacteria.

The do-not-wash raw poultry advice from the USDA is relatively new and perhaps hasn't caught on because it goes against the common belief that washing makes things clean, said Chapman. Benjamin Chapman, a study author and food safety expert at North Carolina State University, said the instinct to wash raw poultry goes back at least decades when people relied more on visual clues to spot problems with poultry. Meanwhile, washing hands and surfaces are also important.

But food preparation is a complicated act, and germs from poultry can be spread even if it's not washed, especially when birds are removed from packaging.

The USDA-funded study stresses that point. Researchers sprayed raw chicken with a harmless strain of E. coli(大肠杆菌）and watched volunteer cooks at test kitchens. Among those who washed their raw chicken, about a quarter ended up spreading the bacteria to their lettuce. But even some of those who did not rinse the chicken got germs on the lettuce. And there are_other opportunities for germs to survive on turkeys:melting and cooking.

To ensure a bird is thoroughly cooked, they say to use a thermometer to check that the deepest and thickest parts of it have reached 165 degrees. Even after the meal is cooked, you aren't out of the danger zone. To keep turkeys and other leftovers safe, experts say they should be refrigerated after two hours.

1. People don't accept USDA 's advice because__________

A．the advice is relatively new.

B．cooks clean the turkey before cooking it.

C．heat can kill most. germs and no one eats raw food.

D．cleaning seems more trustworthy.

2. What can be concluded from Paragraph 4?

A．Germs from a turkey can be spread whether it is washed or not.

B．Food packages carry germs.

C．Hands and surfaces are easy to get E. coli.

D．Multiple methods should be applied to food to get rid of germs.

3. Which way may help to cook a turkey safely?

A．Rinse off the turkey before it is heated.

B．Keep the turkey away from the lettuce and refrigerator.

C．Use a thermometer to check the temperature of the turkey.

D．Wash hands and packages before taking out the turkey.

4. From which section of a magazine is the text probably taken?

A．Cooking.

B．Technology.

C．Medicine

D．Science.

7 . Researchers in Singapore found that eating mushrooms over twice per week could help prevent memory and language problems later in life.

According to the study, published in The Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, there is a unique antioxidant (抗氧化物质) present in mushrooms that helps protect certain brain functions.

Researchers observed 663 Chinese adults aged over 60 whose diets and lifestyles were tracked from 2011 to 2017. In the study, the participants were asked how often they ate six different types of mushrooms: oyster, shiitake, white button, dried, golden and tinned. The findings showed that eating more than two shares of mushrooms per week somehow lowered the chances of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by 50% against those who ate fewer than one share.

MCI is a condition that can make people forgetful, affect their memory and cause problems with language, attention and finding the exact position of objects in space. Changes in behavior can be not very noticeable and not serious enough to be known as dementia (痴呆).

Participants who ate more mushrooms were found to perform better in thinking and processing exams and also exhibited a faster processing speed. The advantage was reportedly more apparent in those who ate more than two shares a week or more than 300 grams.

The scientists pointed out, however, that they have yet to put up a direct link between the fungi(蘑菇) and brain function.

The researchers also acknowledged that since this study mainly relied on self-reported information on mushroom intake and other dietary factors, further studies may be required. Still, the lead study author Lei Feng is encouraged by their findings. ''This relevance is surprising and encouraging, '' Lei said.

Mushrooms are one of the richest dietary sources of ergothioneine (麦角硫茵氨基酸) — a substance which we humans can’t make on our own.

1. What aspect of research did researchers mainly do in paragraph 3?

A．Culture of diets.	B．Existence of MCI.
C．The types of mushrooms.	D．The benefit of eating mushrooms.

2. What can we know about MCI?

A．It can affect memory seriously.

B．It can result in language problems.

C．It can make people easy to be lost.

D．It can reduce the chance of forgetfulness.

3. What is the result if students often eat more mushrooms?

A．They love communicating with others.

B．Their thinking ability is quicker than the majority.

C．Their processing speed will be faster.

D．Their academic performance improves significantly.

4. Where is this passage most likely from?

A．A science report.	B．An advertisement.
C．Adult’s literature.	D．Scientific fiction.

8 . Researchers have found, for the first time plants letting out sounds when they are stressed. According to a study a team of scientists recorded tomato and tobacco (烟草) plants producing sound frequencies which humans cannot hear in stressful situations—such as when they experienced a lack of water or their stems (茎) were cut.

Previous research has shown that plants respond to stress by producing several visual and chemical signals. For example, stressed plants may differ in color and shape compared to unstressed plants. Meanwhile, some are also known to let out things in response to drought (干旱) or being eaten.

The latest study, meanwhile, is the first to identify plants making sounds which can be detected over a distance. The team detected the tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour on average when they were exposed to drought conditions, while the tobacco plants produced 11. When the stems of the plants were cut, the tomato plants made 25 sounds an hour on average and the tobacco plants produced 15. As a comparison, unstressed plants made less than one sound per hour on average, according to the study.

The team say that while they only tested tomato and tobacco, it’s possible that other plants could also produce sounds, adding that the latest findings could have an influence on agriculture. “Plant sound production could offer a new way for monitoring crops water state—a question of key importance in agriculture”, the authors wrote in the study more precise irrigation can save up to 50 percent of the water cost and increase the production.

“In times when more and more areas are exposed to drought due to climate change, while human population and consumption keep increasing, effective water use becomes even more important for food security”, they said “Our results, showing the ability to distinguish between drought-stressed and control plants on the basis of plant sounds, open a new direction in the field of precision agriculture.”

1. Which of the following best describes plants’ response to stress in the study?

A．Sing.	B．Laugh.
C．Cry.	D．Sigh.

2. What can we know from the first 3 paragraphs?

A．Humans can hear the sound produced by plants.

B．Stressed and unstressed plants look the same.

C．Plants in stressful situations make the fewest sounds.

D．Stressed tomato plants make more sounds than tobacco.

3. How can the study help agriculture?

A．Lower the cost.	B．Better the quality.
C．Monitor climate change.	D．Control the pests.

4. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?

A．Science.	B．Health.
C．Education.	D．Culture.

9 . Finding fish is going to get harder as climate change continues to heat the world’s oceans. A new study finds that warming seas over the past 80 years have reduced the sustainable catch of 124 species of fish and shellfish. Sustainable catch refers to the amount that can be harvested without doing long-term damage to the health of populations of some species.

Overfishing has made that decline worse, researchers say. Overfishing refers to catching so many fish that the size of the population falls. In some parts of the world, such as the heavily fished Sea of Japan, the decrease is as high as 35 percent. That’s a loss of more than one in every three fish.

Researchers examined changes in 235 populations of fish and shellfish between 1930 and 2010. Those fish populations spread far apart across 38 ocean regions. Temperature changes vary from one ocean site to another. But on average over that time, Earth’s sea-surface temperatures have risen by about half a degree Celsius.

On average, that warming has caused the sustainable catch to drop by 4.1 percent, the study found. About 8 percent of the fish and shellfish populations the team studied saw losses as a result of the ocean warming. However, about 4 percent of some populations increased. That’s because certain species have thrived in warmer waters. One example is a kind of black sea fish. It lives along the northeastern U.S. coast. As warming continues, these fish will reproduce faster until they reach their limit.

About 3.2 billion people worldwide rely on seafood as a source of food. That means it’s urgent for commercial fishing fleets and regulators to consider how climate change is affecting the health of all of those fish in the sea.

1. What does the new study discover?

A．Overfishing is to blame for fish health.

B．Warming seas cause fewer fish and shellfish.

C．Seafood matters to people’s health worldwide.

D．The living regions of fish and shellfish are different.

2. What does the underlined word “thrived” in paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．Survived narrowly.	B．Disappeared soon.
C．Decreased sharply.	D．Developed quickly.

3. What do we know about species of fish and shellfish?

A．About 8 percent of them suffered from a great loss.

B．About 35 percent of them survived in the Sea of Japan.

C．About 3.2 billion species have been saved up to now.

D．About 80 species have died out because of warming seas.

4. From which is the text probably taken?

A．A cooking guide.	B．A science magazine.
C．A news review.	D．A health brochure.

10 . The National Gallery
Description:

The National Gallery is the British national art museum built on the north side of Trafalgar Square in London. It houses a diverse collection of more than 2,300 examples of European art ranging from 13th-century religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh. The older collections of the gallery are reached through the main entrance while the more modern works in the East Wing are most easily reached from Trafalgar Square by a ground floor entrance.

Layout:

The modern Sainsbury Wing on the western side of the building houses 13th-to 15th-century paintings, and artists include Duccio, Uccello, Van Eyck, Lippi, Mantegna, Botticelli and Memling.

The main West Wing houses 16th-century paintings, and artists include Leonardo da Vinci, Cranach, Michelangelo, Raphael, Bruegel, Bronzino, Titian and Veronese.

The North Wing houses 17th-century paintings, and artists include Caravaggio, Rubens, Poussin, Van Dyck, Velaazquez, Claude and Vermeer.

The East Wing houses 18th-to early 20th-century paintings, and artists include Canaletto, Goya, Turner, Constable, Renoir and Van Gogh.

Opening Hours:

The Gallery is open every day from 10am to 6pm (Fridays 10am to 9pm) and is free, but charges apply to some special exhibitions.

Getting There:

Nearest underground stations: Charing Cross (2-minute walk), Leicester (3-minute walk), Embankment (7-minute walk), and Piccadilly Circus (8-minute walk).

1. In which wing can you see religious paintings?

A．In the East Wing.	B．In the main West Wing.
C．In the Sainsbury Wing.	D．In the North Wing.

2. If you enter the gallery by a ground floor, you will easily see the works of.

A．Van Eyck	B．Cranach
C．Van Dyck.	D．Constable.

3. According to the passage, which of the following is true?

A．The National Gallery is the biggest British national art museum.

B．There are four exhibition areas in The National Gallery

C．The Gallery is open every day from 10am to 6pm

D．The Gallery is completely free

4. Where does the text probably come from?

A．An artist magazine.	B．A tourist map.
C．A news report.	D．A museum guide.