1 . I look around and can't recognize where I am. I see my friends gathered by a stage where music is playing and I run over. As I begin running towards them, they become further and further away. I keep calling for them, but no one hears me. I start hearing a distant alarm-like sound and I am transported away. I woke up in at a loss sitting in my bed. “Oh, it was only a dream,” I said to myself. I have always had vivid and intense dreams.
Today, dreaming is being studied even more than ever. Some say that dreams are how your receptors (受体) make sense of random thoughts while you sleep. Some say that you can't dream of a face you have never seen before, so everyone you see in your dreams you have at least laid eyes on at one time or another.
Other people think dreams are ways of expressing stress or internal feelings you may be experiencing. A lot of people say that they have dreams about being chased (追逐).
A common interpretation of the “being chased” dream is that you are feeling threatened. Some dream interpretation sites say you should try to reflect on what or who is chasing you to get a better idea of what is making you feel this way.
Another dream that is often experienced is flying. This dream has a much more positive interpretation, which is that you are feeling free or have broken out of a bad situation such as a relationship turned sour or a job you hate.
Unfortunately, if you even remember your dreams at all, you forget half of your dream within five minutes of waking up and within 10 minutes, you usually forget 90 percent of it.
Dreamologists who devote time to the study of dreams, suggest if you want to try to remember and study your dreams you should keep a journal beside your bed and jot down what you dreamt as soon as you wake up so you can reflect on it later.
1. Why does dreams of “being chased” occur?| A．You are feeling threatened |
| B．You just quit a job you hate |
| C．Your friends are far away from you when in need |
| D．Your receptors is always thinking while you sleep |
| A．It can help us sleep well without dreams. |
| B．It can help us get out of the intense dreams. |
| C．We usually forget 90 percent of dreams within 10 minutes. |
| D．We need to chase those people who appeared in our dreams. |
| A．A biology textbook. | B．A travel guidebook. |
| C．A physics book. | D．A science newspaper. |
| A．Why am I Always Dreaming | B．How is My Dream Created |
| C．What do My Dreams Mean | D．How to Avoid Dreams |
2 . Kamikatsu, a small town in Japan, has shown the world that our garbage has far-reaching effects, and not just on our environment.
The experiment in going zero waste started when the town built a new incinerator 20 years ago. But almost immediately, the incinerator was determined to be a health risk due to the poisonous gases when garbage was burned in it. It was too expensive to send waste to other towns, so locals had to come up with a new plan. Then the Zero Waste Academy was born, which helped perform this plan.
Now Kamikatsu people separate their waste into 45 different categories. But in the beginning, it wasn't easy to convince local people to do all this work, and there was some pushback. Only after that initial education period did most residents come on board.
This is all great news for waste reduction of course, but it has also had some unexpected social benefits as well. Like much of Japan, Kamikatsu's population is aging, and about 50 percent of the locals are elderly. The fact that the whole community takes their trash in to be recycled has created a local action and interaction between generations.
That idea has been purposefully expanded to include a circular shop where household goods are dropped off and others can take them, and a tableware "library" where people can borrow extra cups, glasses, silverware and plates for celebrations.
"The elderly see this not as a waste-collection service, but an opportunity to socialize with the younger generation and to chat. When we visit them, they prepare lots of food and we stay with them for a while, we ask how they are," Sakano, the founder of the Zero Waste Academy, said.
Sakano's ideas are truly revolutionary if you think about it. She's proving that community can be found through handling the stuff we no longer want and need.
1. What is mainly talked about in paragraph 2?| A．What harmful effects garbage burning has. |
| B．Why garbage sorting is necessary in Japan. |
| C．How the idea of zero waste was put forward. |
| D．What the Zero Waste Academy functions as. |
| A．Inactive response. | B．Generous reward. |
| C．Bitter suffering. | D．Beneficial guidance. |
| A．Reducing waste. | B．Creating community. |
| C．Increasing people's income. | D．Developing a new technology. |
| A．Technology. | B．Health. | C．Workplace. | D．Lifestyle. |
3 . Misfortune sneaked into my family when I was thirteen.First, my mother fell ill and was hospitalized; then my father, in poor health himself, was filled with anxiety and worry.Both had to stay in the hospital, leaving my younger sister and me alone at home.
As the sun set in the west, fear rose in my heart.In the dim of night,the hills beyond the village loomed in a ghostly shape on the windows of our spacious room; the frightening howls of wolves often scared us out of our sleep.
Our cries for help were unlikely to reach the villagers, for our home was located in the school some distance away from the village.Suddenly I thought of the whistle my mother used for PE classes.I took out the whistle and, drawing a deep breath,I blew it as loudly as possible.Before long,a bustle of footsteps and voices came nearer and nearer,and flashlight beams crisscrossed outside our windows.Hearing my name called,I went to open the door, and there in front of me stood a group of familiar villagers, each with a hoe on the shoulder.The very sight of their kind faces and deeply concerned eyes drove the fear away from my heart.
“Now go to sleep, kid.We are staying out here tonight!” said one old man.Resting their hoes against the wall, they sat or squatted nearby,smoking Chinese pipes or chatting in loud voices....Gradually,I fell asleep.They didn't leave until daybreak; and at dusk they came again, banging their hoes on the flagstones as if to tell me: Don't be afraid, kid,we are here with you.No one dares to hurt you!
Afterwards, the bustle of footsteps and the clatter of hoes could be heard every night around our home as if on schedule.I know what they actually meant by making the "noises" was to remove fear from my mind and reassure me: they were right outside our windows!
Ever since then,I have been convinced that sound has "temperature" and that it can warm the hearts of lonely, fear-stricken people.
1. Which of the following is true according to the passage?| A．The "noises”made by villagers outside the author's windows accompanied the writer and his sister to sleep. |
| B．The author's home was far away from the village, and that's why he didn't dare to seek help from villagers. |
| C．At the sight of villagers' faces,the author still felt fearful from the bottom of his heart. |
| D．The author was left alone at home because both his parents fell ill and were in hospital. |
| A．surrounded | B．appeared | C．happened | D．reached |
| A．A Life-saving Whistle |
| B．The Story of Wolves and Villagers |
| C．The Temperature of Sound |
| D．The Misfortune of My Childhood |
| A．In a popular culture magazine |
| B．In a collection of literature |
| C．In a news report |
| D．In a tour guide |
4 . Frozen 2 sees the return of Elsa and Anna.This time,the Queen of Arendelle and her sister are in-tended to save the kingdom.The film,adding different topics and making breakthroughs,has won greater popularity.
One big change since the first movie is what the leading women are wearing.Elsa and Anna branch out(出场)by wearing tights,not just skirts.It's rare to see Disney princesses in anything other than tradi-tionally woman style clothes.Director Jenifer Lee said the move represented contemporary attitudes.
“Everyone sort of represents when the film was made and what the film's trying to show,”she said,“And that's right for these two women,who are carrying the weight of the kingdom.I love you can wear any-thing.”
President of Walt Disney Animation Studios Clark Spencer thought it important to design what Elsa and Anna wear carefully.“This time,they don't have to flee their kingdom in the wrong dress,”said Spencer.“They're going on a big adventure.It's going to be very physical.It makes the audience aware there is more than one way to be a princess.”
Pants are just the beginning.Another noticeable topic is the role of the environment,which helps them on their adventure when it feels respected and hurts them when threatened.What the filmmakers re-ally talked about is that the ecosystem is a big serious issue,according to Lee.“Climate change and nature out of balance might give Elsa the real purpose.Could that be why she has this power?That's something most of us talk about.But a core(核心的)theme of the movie is the idea of not trying to force the envi-ronment into your world,"she said.Every character is connected to this idea of respecting the strength and changes of the environment and taking care of the world around you.
1. Why does the director change Elsa's and Anna's wear?| A．To show the background of the movie. |
| B．To increase the film's popularity. |
| C．To express the idea of dressing freedom. |
| D．To reflect the trend of the times. |
| A．It's a wrong choice. | B．It makes sense. |
| C．I's a risky decision. | D．It attracts the audience. |
| A．Shape a character who helps the leading roles. |
| B．Indicate potential dangers of climate change. |
| C．Explain the source of Elsa's magical strength. |
| D．Show the importance to respect nature's power. |
| A．Entertainment. | B．Life&Style. |
| C．Environment. | D．Fashion&Clothing. |
5 . Vitamin B could help lessen the effects of the most dangerous type of air pollution，according to a new study published recently. In the first study of its kind，a team of international researchers looked at the damage caused by one of the pollutants that has the most severe impact on health: PM2.5.
Particulate matter，or PM，is a type of air pollutant consisting of small particles of different sizes. PM2.5 has a diameter of fewer than 2.5 micrometers，about 30 times smaller than a human hair. These particles are so small that they can go into our respiratory system (呼吸系统), resulting in lung and systemic inflammation (炎症) and stress.
The team found that something as simple as a daily vitamin B supplement could potentially reduce the impact of the tiny particles on the human body，although they stressed that the research was in its early stages and the sample size was small.
For this study，10 volunteers were initially exposed to clean air and given a placebo (安慰剂) to check their responses. The group then took another placebo for four weeks before being exposed to heavily polluted air from downtown Toronto，where an estimated 1，000 cars pass every hour. The bad air was delivered to the volunteers through an “oxygen－type” face mask. The experiment was then repeated，with each volunteer taking a vitamin B supplement daily made up of 2.5 mg of folic acid，50 mg of vitamin B6，and 1 mg of vitamin B12. B6 can be found in liver，chicken and nuts，and B12 in fish，meat，eggs，milk and some cereals.
The researchers found that four weeks of vitamin B supplements reduced the damage of PM2.5 exposure by 28%－76%. The results highlight how prevention at an individual level could be used to fight the harmful effects of PM2.5.
1. Why is PM2.5 harmful to our health?| A．It pollutes and poisons the air. | B．It is too much to be got rid of. |
| C．It carries viruses and diseases. | D．It is easily breathed in and damages our body. |
| A．The process of the research was not scientific. |
| B．This kind of research has been done many times. |
| C．Further studies are needed to confirm their findings. |
| D．Vitamin B is hard to obtain in people’s daily life. |
| A．International researchers have a new finding. |
| B．Vitamin B could reduce the damage of PM2.5. |
| C．Particulate matter does great harm to our health. |
| D．Emission control and regulation are badly needed. |
| A．in a science journal | B．on a government website |
| C．in a fashion magazine | D．in a medical textbook |
6 . The cultures of the East and the West are really different from each other a lot. This is because the culture systems are two separate ones on the whole.
The origin (起源) of the Eastern culture is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are developed by rivers — the Yellow River in China and the Hindu River in India. They helped the two cultures develop for centuries and form their own styles.
When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture, another famous culture was up on the Mesopotamian Plain — the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. And these two are well-known as the base of the European culture. Like the Chinese culture, the European culture also crossed waters. When the British settled down in America, their culture went with them over the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesn’t have much difference from the European culture.
At the same time, some other differences add to the cultural differences. Take the language system for example. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic (象形) language while the western languages are mostly based on the Latin system. Other causes like human race differences count as well. But what’s more, due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and the west, the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference from the other.
The differences are everywhere. They are obvious and make people’s ways of thinking and their views of the world different. But different cultures make the world of 21st century more colorful. The cultural difference should not be the obstacle (障碍) to the civilization of human being. It ought to be the driving force of our going farther.
1. What is the text mainly about?| A．The origin of cultures. | B．Culture differences. |
| C．Language systems. | D．Colorful world. |
| A．Both of the two cultures have a very long history. |
| B．They have the same mother rivers as the Chinese culture. |
| C．The early settlers from Britain brought their culture to America. |
| D．Both the British and the American live along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. |
| A．difference | B．influence |
| C．confidence | D．environment |
| A．A diary. | B．A magazine. |
| C．A novel. | D．A guidebook. |
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1. What’s the purpose of mentioning the conflict of building muscle and losing fat?| A．To bring out the course. | B．To clear confusion. |
| C．To stress importance. | D．To warn the danger. |
| A．2. | B．4. |
| C．6. | D．8. |
| A．A newspaper. | B．A website. |
| C．A fitness book. | D．A biology magazine. |
8 . The foldable smartphone was shown for the first time on Wednesday during a Samsung developer’s conference in San Francisco, California. The company first announced plans to build a fully foldable phone five years ago.
The phone is designed to fold open to make the device the size of a small tablet. It can also perform some operations of a tablet. When folded closed, the device looks and works like a normal smartphone. The device will permit users to keep up to three apps open at one time. With normal size smartphones, users have to keep changing between apps.
Justin Dension is Samsung’s senior vice president. He introduced the device to people at the conference. He said it marked a major breakthrough in future smartphone technology. Denison said the design of the foldable device was very complex. One of the biggest difficulties was finding a material that was not only flexible but also strong enough to support repeated folding and unfolding of the device. Denison said Samsung would be ready to start mass production in the coming months.
Technology experts see the new foldable design as a way to get users to buy a new device seen as revolutionary. More people are deciding to hold onto smartphones longer because newly launched models do not offer major improvements and can be very costly. This behavior is one reason for a steady decrease in worldwide smartphone sales over the past year.
It remains to be seen whether foldable phones will become popular quickly. The device is expected to cost more than $1,000. The company has not yet announced when its FlexPai device will be available in America. But it is planning to launch the product in China starting next month, at a price of about $1,300.
1. What did Samsung company do on Wednesday in San Francisco?| A．It announced plans to build a foldable phone. |
| B．It introduced its foldable phone to the public. |
| C．It started to sell its foldable phone in America. |
| D．It held a conference to deal with new challenges. |
| A．It can run only one app at a time. |
| B．The material for it was hard to find. |
| C．It is popular worldwide now. |
| D．It will take the place of the tablet. |
| A．Recycling their old smartphones. |
| B．Repairing their old smartphones. |
| C．Keeping their old smartphones. |
| D．Replacing their old smartphones. |
| A．A brochure. | B．A newspaper. |
| C．A research paper. | D．A shopping guidebook. |
9 . Hybrid cars, also called hybrid electric vehicles （HEVs）, are cars that use more than one source of energy to run. They differ from the majority of cars on the road today in several ways. The main difference is that HEVs run on gasoline and electricity. An HEV car has a battery-powered motor as well as an engine that runs on gasoline.
A hybrid car is a bit more expensive to produce than a regular car even though its engine is smaller. The reason for the greater expense is that the engine is more complex. It has specialized mechanisms that allow it to operate using gasoline and electric power. It also contains a computer that works differently from those of regular cars. Even though it is more expensive to purchase, it costs less to own than gas-powered cars. When an HEV car is at a stoplight or going at a speed below 15 miles per hour, its special computer tells it to run just on electric power. When the computer senses that the car needs more power, it puts the gasoline engine back to work. The computer is constantly deciding whether the car will use electricity, gas, or a combination of the two.
Because the HEV has electric power to help it run, it uses much less fuel than most cars. In fact hybrid cars are the most fuel-efficient cars that exist today. They can get from 50 to 60 miles per gallon on average. The high mileage saves money for the car owner and conserves precious supplies of petroleum. Hybrid cars help the environment in other ways too. For example, when
the HEV is using electric power, it does not send out poisonous smoke that pollute the air.
Despite the differences between hybrid cars and regular cars, HEVs offer the same feel as regular cars. They handle the same way and speed up and stop in the same way too. HEVs, though, are generally smaller than gasoline-powered cars. Their rounded, aerodynamic frame helps add to their fuel efficiency but unfortunately does not add to the amount of space inside the vehicle.
1. Which statement best explains the characteristics of an HEV?| A．Safe and reliable. | B．Expensive but long-lasting. |
| C．Smaller engine, greater power. | D．High price, low carbon. |
| A．the engine | B．the battery |
| C．the computer | D．the driver |
| A．To save energy. | B．To provide better service. |
| C．To lower the expense of purchase. | D．To give the drivers a different feeling. |
| A．A health report. | B．A science magazine. |
| C．A vehicle advertisement. | D．A travel journal. |
The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, full-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. The change in how coffee is grown from shade-grown production to full-sun production endangers the very existence of, certain animals and birds, and even disturbs the world’s ecological balance.
On a local level, the damage of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the area’s birds and animals. The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other special(物种) that depend on the trees’ flowers and fruits. Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result, many special are quickly dying out.
On a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest for full-sun coffee fields also threatens(威胁)human life. Medical research often makes use of the forests' plant and animal life, and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases. In addition, new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the world's groundwater.
Both locally and globally, the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations (种植园)could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology. The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world's climate, and studies show that loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming. Moreover, the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic(酸性的) soil conditions.
It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology. But consumers do have a choice. They can purchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible, although at a higher cost. The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.
1. What can we learn about full-sun coffee production from Paragraph 4?
| A．It limits the spread of new growing techniques. |
| B．It leads to air pollution and global warming. |
| C．It slows down the loss of shade trees. |
| D．It improves local soil conditions. |
| A．entertain | B．advertise | C．instruct | D．persuade |
| A．An agricultural magazine. |
| B．A medical journal. |
| C．An engineering textbook. |
| D．A tourist guide. |
A． | B． |
C． | D． |
