1 . Becoming a parent brings out the best in many animals. Although parenting is usually left to the females, males from many species go above and beyond to care for the offspring. Take anemone fish (海葵鱼) for example. In finding Nemo, Marlin swims over 1,000 miles from the Great Barrier Reef to Sydney to rescue his son Nemo, who has been caught by divers. In reality, anemone fish rarely move so far away from their home.
Despite their smaller size, the males help the females defend the nest, but only the male anemone fish take care of it. They use their fins as fans to provide a constant flow of oxygen and keep the surroundings clean. They also put a lot of effort in building the nest.
The eggs take about five days to hatch. During this important period, dads fan them to provide oxygen and remove the rubbish. They also pick up the eggs in their mouths and move them around to remove any bacteria. One of the biggest threats comes from female sticklebacks (刺鱼), who form organized groups and attack the nests to eat all the eggs.
Males defend the newborn fish and bring back the ones who move too far from the nest. Once the fish grow up, they become a little bit more independent and start to swim away. The dad swims after them, picks them up in his mouth, and spits them back into his nest. Eventually, he gets to the point where he can’t keep track of them and that’s when they separate.
Doting (溺爱的) fathers are not restricted to the world of fish. In some poison frog species, the dads also warn the moms when the young ones are hungry and need to be fed. It’s generally believed that moms are the caregivers. In fish and frogs, it’s actually more common for the dads to provide care.
1. What does the underlined word “offspring” in paragraph 1 probably mean?| A．Children. | B．Relatives. | C．Friends. | D．Colleagues. |
| A．They take full responsibility for building the nest. |
| B．They are much larger than female anemone fish. |
| C．They are actually extremely excellent fathers. |
| D．They frequently make attacks on other fishes. |
| A．The dad can’t tend to the young fish. |
| B．The young fish are already independent. |
| C．The living environment is worse. |
| D．The dad is in a state of aging. |
| A．The Model Father in the Animal Kingdom |
| B．The New Role of the Male Anemone Fish |
| C．The Really Caring Caregivers in Life |
| D．A Strange Phenomenon in Nature |
2 . On October 3, 1945, a ten-year-old boy stood on stage at a contest. One of his teachers had encouraged him to enter the contest after hearing him sing one morning. He placed fifth.
A few months later, he received a guitar for his 11th birthday. What he really wanted was a bicycle. Two of his uncles gave him basic guitar lessons. But he didn’t like singing in public. He was too shy.
Yet something inside kept pulling him back to music. In 1948, his family moved to Memphis, Tennessee. The boy would spend every moment of his free time on Beale Street, the heart of the Memphis Blues Scene. He’d often bring his guitar to school. Yet his eighth grade teacher gave him a C in music. She told him that he had “no gift for singing”.
In 1953, the young man walked into the offices of Sun Records. But the record went nowhere. He tried out for a local singing group, but failed in the audition. He told his father, “They told me I couldn’t sing.”
Then Sam Philips, the owner of Sun Records heard this young man’s record. Sam invited him back to the studio and asked him to sing as many songs as he knew. Yet even then, it was not going well. The young man was about to go home when he suddenly picked up his guitar and started singing a 1946 Blues song, That’s All Right. Philips immediately began taping; he knew this was the sound he’d been looking for. Sun Records released the album. No one had ever heard anything like it before.
Within three years Elvis Presley（猫王）was an international superstar.
1. What did the boy hope for as the 11th birthday gift?| A．A guitar. | B．A birthday party. |
| C．A bike. | D．A music lesson. |
| A．He eventually gave up singing. | B．His teacher encouraged him. |
| C．His family sent him to a music school. | D．He was still addicted to music. |
| A．A short performance. | B．A previous plan. |
| C．A singing contest. | D．A new record. |
| A．Actions speak louder than words. |
| B．Two heads are better than one. |
| C．A friend in need is a friend indeed. |
| D．Where there is a will, there is a way. |
3 . Using technology in the classroom can produce unbelievable results．But for note-taking．it may pay to keep it old-school and stick with pen and paper．Students who take notes by hand appear to process information more deeply than those who take notes on a laptop or an iPad and other technologieal appliances，according to a study published this year in Psychological Science．Using the new fashionable method generally produces more raw notes．But students using laptops tend to do worse than note-takers by hand when answering conceptual questions about the material．
Researchers from Princeton and UCLA conducted several experiments with college students watching some video lectures．In one experiment．Note-takers by hand wrote down fewer words than those typing on laptops．But the two groups performed about the same when answering factual questions about the lecture material，and students who wrote longhand（普通书写）did much better than laptop note-takers on conceptual questions．
What gives？Students using laptops tended to write what they heard word by word rather than processing the information；that resulted in a sort of"shallower"learning，the researchers say．
In a second experiment，students taking notes on laptops were told not to write down what they heard word for word．It didn't help；in spite of the instructions．They still took notes word by word and they still did worse on conceptual questions than those taking notes by hand．
In a third experiment，students were able to briefly study their notes before answering questions asked a week after the lecture．Those reviewing their longhand notes did far better than students reviewing their typed notes．A student named Jerry from the experiment said．"The study is right，and we have to think about what was said to take the notes because I could not write down every word．I even developed complex letter symbols to help．To study for tests，I went over and underlined key points to reinforce them．The process helped me understand the lectures better．"
1. What does the underlined part in Paragraph I probably mean？______| A．It is necessary to take notes on a laptop or an iPad． |
| B．It is not worthwhile to take notes with pen and paper． |
| C．It needs much money to go to schools with a long history． |
| D．It may bring good results to use the traditional note-taking style． |
| A．write down fewer words |
| B．remember information word by word |
| C．don't process and sort out information |
| D．don't review their notes after class at all |
| A．against the study and its result |
| B．good at processing information |
| C．weak at remembering knowledge |
| D．excellent at inventing letter symbols |
| A．Take notes word by word from now on |
| B．keep on using our pens and paper now |
| C．The pen is losing to the keyboard |
| D．The laptop is helping to learn well． |
4 . Drivers who drive a little too close to cyclists on the road could soon be caught on the spot. A new technology adopted by legal departments in Ottawa could help carry out legal distance between bikers and cars on the road.
The device, which is fixed on a bicycle’s handlebars like a bike bell, uses sonar(声呐) technology to measure the distance between the bike and passing cars. The device will make a loud noise if the car is within one meter of the bike, the legal limit in the city of Ottawa, allowing the police rider to radio ahead to his colleagues so that the driver can be pulled over. “The safety of all road users is extremely vital, including cyclists. These cycling changes are directed at encouraging cycling, promoting road safety, and sharing the road,” said Rob Wilkinson, coordinator of the Safer Roads Ottawa Program.
The authorities started the program last week with a single sonar device. One police officer rode the bike bearing the device around the city on Tuesday to prove the effectiveness(有效性) of the technology. Within a few minutes of riding, the device was beeping, registering that two drivers had violated the one-meter distance requirement. The drivers were pulled over and given brochures informing them that they had broken the safe distance law.
Wilkinson noted that the device is not currently being used to issue fines, which can go up to $110, and that there are no plans to use it for enforcement(执法)in the future. At this point, its main use is to spread awareness about the safe distance law, which was passed last September in an effort to encourage rider safety and reduce deadly crashes.
1. What will happen if the safe distance is beyond the legal limit?| A．The cyclist will soon be caught on the spot. |
| B．The police will make the driver stop by the road. |
| C．The driver will be arrested for driving too fast. |
| D．The device will at once call the police of itself. |
| A．To make the bicycle attractive. | B．To encourage people to walk. |
| C．To guarantee road safety. | D．To warn drivers of danger. |
| A．Making a loud noise. | B．Receiving an urgent message. |
| C．Sending a stop signal. | D．Radioing the police rider. |
| A．It is being developed at present. | B．It still has room for improvement. |
| C．It may be used to fine drivers later. | D．It helps reduce traffic accidents. |
5 . Over the past decade, drug-resistant diseases have appeared as a major health threat. But where do they develop the drug resistance? One surprising theory: they may have developed the resistance on farms, and not in hospitals.
The crop protection products farmers use to control many plant diseases are almost the same as the drugs doctors use to treat infections, including fungi (真菌). Fungi are continually mutating (变异), and with a life cycle measured in days or weeks, they mutate quickly. When a mutation produces resistance to a chemical-killing fungi, fungi will jump to any host that provides a welcoming environment, such as a human body. And if the treatment for the fungal infection involves a drug similar to the fungicide encountered on the farm, Fungi may develop quickly in the human body-just as they did in the field.
An obvious solution is to use less fungicide in the field. Reducing fungicide use would not only slow the development of the drug resistance, it would help restore diversity to the fungal world. Fungicides are a must in the farming community. Plant diseases pose a major problem for farmers globally-in some crops, disease can reduce harvests by more than 70 percent-and failure to deal with the problem can mean financial ruin.
Just like Fungi-or, indeed, any living thing-plants continually evolve. This is how natural gene editing (基因编辑) works, and without it, we'd all still be single cells in a salty soup. Through natural selection, almost any plant will eventually produce resistance to Fungi. But this can take centuries, so we don't have the time to wait.
On the other hand, advances in genetics have given us an understanding of nature's gene editing process in plants, helping us develop resistance to a disease. Gene editing techniques can then enable us to produce disease resistance-just as nature would do, if given enough time.
1. What can we infer about Fungi from Paragraph 2?| A．They can treat infection sometimes. |
| B．They don't stop developing new forms. |
| C．A human body is their favorite place. |
| D．There are no Fungi in the fields now. |
| A．Solve. | B．Face. |
| C．Cause. | D．Overcome. |
| A．The survival of the fittest. |
| B．Advances in technology. |
| C．The use of farm chemicals. |
| D．A welcoming environment. |
| A．Ways to Prevent Drug-resistant Diseases |
| B．The Source of the Drug Resistance |
| C．The Popularity of Gene Editing Techniques |
| D．The New Theory of Natural Selection |
6 . Both of my parents worked fulltime when I was a little girl，so my grandmother would stay at our house during the day. We would watch game shows in the living room. Our favorite was The Price Is Right. We would call out our answers along with the contestants.
When I got older and started going to school，we couldn’t watch our game shows regularly. That was okay with me，though，because the one thing I liked better than watching game shows with my grandmother was helping her bake cakes. Watching her in the kitchen was amazing：she never seemed to need the recipes（食谱）but everything she made tasted delicious.
At first I would just sit in the kitchen and watch，even though I didn’t understand what she was doing. As I got older，she let me help with the easy parts，such as measuring the sugar. The day she let me separate the eggs，I felt like I had found complete pleasure.
At last，my parents decided that I could take care of myself，and my grandmother stopped coming over every day. The love of baking，however，stayed with me. I started baking by myself，and even if the cookies ended up burnt sometimes，more often they turned out pretty well. I tried out new recipes，and whenever I got to a thorny part，I would call my grandmother for advice. Sometimes I would call her just to talk too. I felt like I could talk to her about anything.
My grandmother passed away ten years ago，but I still think of her every day. Last week，I found a recipe book she made for me. It included her recipes for brownies，cookies，and my favorite，lemon pie. As I looked through the pages，I thought I could hear her voice. She was the one who taught me not just about baking，but about life.
1. The passage is mainly developed by .| A．analyzing causes | B．making comparisons |
| C．following the time order | D．examining differences |
| A．found it interesting | B．turned out to be a troublemaker |
| C．hoped to make a living by baking | D．regretted missing the game shows |
| A．Basic. | B．Common. |
| C．Special. | D．Difficult. |
| A．To describe her childhood memories. | B．To show her good baking skills. |
| C．To remember her grandmother. | D．To talk about her happy family life. |
7 . 50 kilometers outside the capital of Malaysia, in the middle of a palm plantation (种植园), mountains of plastic waste lie abandoned. Much of it has come from wealthy countries in Europe and North America.
Local residents are suffering the consequences. “Tons of non-recyclable plastic is just dumped (倾倒) here every day, and then workers burn it in the backyard of this factory. So, those harmful smog actually already caused many health problems to the residents.” People living around the factory showed great anxiety.
In 2017, China banned the import of plastic waste, sending the global industry into turmoil. “Wealthy countries are exporting their own plastic waste overseas”, says Greenpeace. “They have a good collection of facilities to recycle their own plastic waste. However, they are still sending half of their collective waste to other countries.” Before the ban, they just ran to China for recycling. And now they just find other new places to send their recyclables to.
The Greenpeace report says more than half of that waste, three million tons a year, is being redirected (转向) toward Southeast Asia, including Malaysia, Vietnam and Thailand. The problem is that these countries have no ability to handle such a large amount of imported foreign waste, which can easily cause pollution to the local environment. In response, many Southeast Asian countries are putting more restrictions on plastic waste imports, forcing the rubbish into less controlled markets, such as Indonesia and India.
At a United Nations conference, 180 countries are discussing a suggestion that plastic waste exporters should ask for permission in advance from the countries that will receive the waste. But ecologists from the University of Texas stated, “Changes can’t come soon enough.” They added, “‘We are killing ourselves by using too much plastic.’ ‘We are too dependent on plastic…’ ‘Please manage and handle your own rubbish.’ Such voices would not stop in the near future…” Greenpeace also concludes that the best solution does not lie in improving, recycling, but in greatly reducing plastic production and consumption worldwide.
1. What made the local residents anxious? ______| A．Health problems caused by plastic waste. |
| B．The abandoned palm plantation. |
| C．The burning backyard of the factory. |
| D．Tons of non-recyclable plastic. |
| A．Boom. |
| B．Disorder. |
| C．Development. |
| D．Promotion. |
| A．Developing countries lack enough facilities. |
| B．Developed countries will take action soon. |
| C．The situation of plastic waste is very terrible. |
| D．There are practical ways to handle plastic waste. |
| A．Plastic waste caused serious results. |
| B．People are too dependent on plastic. |
| C．China banned importing plastic waste. |
| D．Plastic waste is a concern of the world. |
A study suggests that, by giving you access to emails at all times, the all-singing, all-dancing mobile phone adds as much as two hours to your working day. Researchers found that Britons work an additional 460 hours a year on average as they are able to respond to emails on their mobiles.
The study by technology retailer Pixmania reveals the average UK working day is between 9 and 10 hours, but a further two hours is spent responding to or sending work emails, or making work calls. More than 90 percent of office workers have email-enabled phones, with a third accessing them more than 20 times a day. Almost one in ten admits spending up to three hours outside their normal working day checking work emails. Some workers confess(承认) they are on call almost 24 hours a day, with nine out of ten saying they make work emails and calls outside their normal working hours. The average time for first checking emails is between 6 a.m. and 7 a.m., with more than a third checking their first emails in this period, and a quarter checking them between 11 p.m. and midnight.
Ghadi Hobeika, marketing director of Pixmania, said, “The ability to access literally millions of apps, keep in contact via social networks and take photos and video as well as text and call has made smartphones invaluable for many people. However, there are drawbacks. Many companies expect their employees to be on call 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and smartphones mean that people literally cannot get away from work. The more constantly in contact we become , the more is expected of us in a work capacity(容量).”
1. What can we conclude from the text?
| A．All that glitters is not gold. |
| B．It never rains but pours. |
| C．Every coins has two sides. |
| D．It’s no good crying over spilt milk. |
| A．calling | B．reaching | C．getting | D．using |
| A．The average UK working time is between nine and twelve hours. |
| B．Nine- tenths spent over three hours checking work emails. |
| C．One-fourth check their first mail between 11 p.m. and midnight. |
| D．The average time for first checking emails is between 6 a.m. and 8 .am .. |
| A．Workaholics like smartphones. |
| B．Smartphones bring about extra work. |
| C．Smartphones make our life easier. |
| D．Employers don’t like smartphones. |
9 . Friendship is one of the basic bonds between human beings. While the characteristics of friendship might vary from one country to another, people from all cultures not only enjoy friends but need them.
Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders. It has been shown that teenagers, perhaps more than any other age group, need companionship and a sense of belonging. The negative consequences of loneliness have also been observed among the elderly. The death of a spouse often leaves a widow or a widower totally bereft. If, however, they are surrounded by friends and relatives and if they are able to express their feelings, they are more likely to recover from their grief.
“No man is an island.” In other words, we are all parts of society. We all need the love, admiration, respect and moral support of other people. If we are fortunate, our friends will provide us with all of these necessary aspects of life.
As most people observe, there are many levels of friendship. The degree or intensity of friendship varies depending on the personality of the individuals involved and the context of the relationships. Outgoing persons enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas shy persons are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships.
Everyone is not equally open with all their friends. The degree of closeness is determined by many factors. Close friends can be formed at any stage in one’s life but they are usually very rare. Not very many people have more than a few really close friends. Irrespective of the level of closeness, all friendships are based on reciprocity（互惠）, honesty and a certain amount of love and affection.
1. “No man is an island”(Line 1, Para. 3) implies that _______.| A．everyone is a part of an island | B．man cannot be an island |
| C．everyone is just a part of society | D．society is an island |
| A．age | B．belonging | C．personality | D．culture |
| A．can be easily formed when one is young | B．cannot be long-lasting |
| C．are not rare for everyone | D．are rare for most people |
| A．not respecting | B．dishonoring | C．regardless | D．considering |
