1 . Throughout history scientists have risked their health and their lives in their search for the truth.
Sir Isaac Newton, the seventeenth century scientist, was very smart, but that didn't stop him from doing some pretty stupid things. In his laboratory in Cambridge he often did the strangest experiments. Once, while testing how light passes through lenses, he put a long needle into his eye, pushed it to the back, and then moved it around just to see what would happen. Luckily, nothing long-lasting did. On another occasion he stared at the sun for as long as he could bear, to discover what effect this would have on his sight. Again he escaped suffering permanent damage, though he had to spend some days in a darkened room before his eyes recovered.
In the 1750s the Swedish chemist Karl Scheele was the first person to find a way to produce phosphorus. He in fact discovered eight more chemical elements including chlorine , though he didn't get any praise for them. He was a very clever scientist, but his one failing was a curious habit of tasting a little of every substance he worked with. This risky practice finally caught up with him, and in 1786 he was found dead in his laboratory surrounded by a large number of dangerous chemicals, any of which might have been responsible for his death.
Eugene Shoemaker was a respected geologist. He spent a large part of his life studying craters on the moon, and how they were formed, and later did research into the comets of the planet Jupiter. In 1997 he and his wife were in the Australian desert where they went every year to search for places where comets might have hit the earth. While driving in the Tanami desert, normally one of the emptiest places in the world, another vehicle crashed into them and Shoemaker was killed on the spot. Some of his ashes were sent to the moon aboard the Lunar Prospector spacecraft and left there — he is the only person who has had this honor.
1. Which word is similar to the underlined word “permanent” in Paragraph 2?| A．Brief. | B．Lasting. | C．Slight. | D．Ordinary. |
| A．He was killed by tasting phosphorus. |
| B．He killed himself with some dangerous chemicals. |
| C．His habit of tasting chemicals might account for his death. |
| D．He got a large number of honors for discovering many chemical elements. |
| A．He was knocked over and died in a desert. | B．All of his ashes were placed on the moon. |
| C．One comet of Jupiter was named after him. | D．A spacecraft carrying him traveled around Jupiter. |
| A．Three great scientists' famous experiments. | B．Three great scientists' great achievements. |
| C．Three great scientists' sacrifice for the truth. | D．Three great scientists' special honors. |
2 . As scientists around the world race to find a treatment for the coronavirus, a young girl among them stands out.
Anika Chebrolu, a 14yearold from Frisco, Texas, has just won the 2020 3M Young Scientist Challenge and a $25,000 prize for a discovery that could provide a potential therapy to Covid19 (or SARSCoV2 virus).
Anika's winning invention uses insilico methodology to discover a lead molecule that can selectively bind to the spike protein of the SARSCoV2 virus.
"The last two days, I saw that there is a lot of media hype about my project since it involves the SARSCoV2 virus and it reflects our collective hopes to end this pandemic as I, like everyone else, wish that we go back to our normal lives soon," Anika told CNN.
The coronavirus has killed more than 1.1 million people globally since China reported its first case to the World Health Organization (WHO) in December. The United States has more than 219,000 deaths, according to data from the Johns Hopkins University Center for Systems Science and Engineering.
Anika, who is Indian American, submitted her project when she was in 8th grade but it wasn't always going to be focused on finding a cure for Covid19. Initially, her goal was to use insilico methods to identify a lead compound that could bind to a protein of the influenza virus.
"After spending so much time researching about pandemics, viruses and drug discovery, it was crazy to think that I was actually living through something like this," Anika said.
"Because of the immense severity of the Covid19 pandemic and the drastic impact it had made on the world in such a short time, I, with the help of my mentor, changed directions to target the SARSCoV2 virus." Anika said she was inspired to find potential cures to viruses after learning about the 1918 flu pandemic and finding out how many people die every year in the United States despite annual vaccinations and antiinfluenza drugs on the market.
1. What won Anika Chebrolu the 2020 3M Young Scientist Challenge?| A．The discovery of a therapy to Covid19. |
| B．The invention of the insilico methodology. |
| C．The finding of a molecule that may help treat Covid19. |
| D．The invention of a lead molecule. |
| A．They want to get rid of pandemic and restore their lives. |
| B．They want more racial equality in the world . |
| C．They want to strengthen the education of science. |
| D．They want to see a lot of media hype about her project. |
| A．Fortunately | B．Finally |
| C．Personally | D．Originally |
| A．Anika experienced the 1918 flu pandemic. |
| B．Vaccinations and antiinfluenza drugs work perfectly. |
| C．Vaccinations and antiinfluenza drugs are not good enough. |
| D．A lot of people die from flu every year. |
3 . Basketball star Lebron James made ＄33 million last year. And that probably doesn’t surprise anyone. We’re used to watching professional athletes(运动员) make and spend millions of dollars.
But there was a time when professional athletes could barely buy a car. For most sports teams in 1950, there were main ways to make money. They sold tickets to games and popcorn in the stadium. For fans, it was a good deal(交易). You could see a Brooklyn Dodgers baseball game for 60 cents. For players, the deal wasn’t so great. There wasn't much money to go around. So salaries(薪水) stayed low. In some professional sports, players couldn’t spend the off-season working out. They had to get second jobs so they could pay the rent.
In the 1960s, television changed everything. In 1950, only 1 in 10 American homes had TVs. By 1960, 9 in 10 homes had TVs. And people loved watching sports. At first, team owners were worried about TV. They thought fans wouldn't pay to come to the stadium anymore. But the TV networks paid millions of dollars for the right to show games. That’s when sports teams started to get rich. Finally, the teams shared their wealth with players. In 1974, several baseball teams wanted a player named Catfish Hunter, who chose to play for the New York Yankees. They paid him ＄1 million just for picking their team. Since then, athletes have only gotten richer. In 2018, the highest-paid player in baseball will make ＄33 million. In basketball, the average salary is about ＄7 million a year.
Are sports stars worth the money? Many fans seem to think so. They will pay crazy prices to cheer for their favorite players.
1. What does the underlined word “barely” in Paragraph 2 mean?| A．finally | B．hardly | C．usually | D．personally |
| A．It was unfair to players. | B．It was a bit expensive. |
| C．It was cheap at the price. | D．It was less attractive to them. |
| A．Sports became a big business. |
| B．People were more willing to play sports. |
| C．More and more fans came to the stadium. |
| D．Tickets to games became more expensive. |
| A．How sports stars become famous. |
| B．Why fans are crazy about sports star. |
| C．Why sports become more and more popular. |
| D．How professional athletes started getting rich. |
4 . Come and discover the little big city in Switzerland. It’s worth it to see the nicest' sights. In fact, no matter what your idea of fun is, you'll find it in Zurich.
If it is your first stay in this city, you should start in the heart of Zurich, the historical romantic old part of a town. Here, you’ll have a wonderful time drinking and eating in a charming bistro where you can sit outside and enjoy the sun.
If you like, you can climb aboard a lake cruiser for a 3-hour tour around the lake or just walk up to the border of the lake and feed the proud swans and cute ducks, which is the cheapest way to enjoy the lake. You will be absolutely amazed at the nice view over the lake of the high Alps covered with snow.
Be sure to visit the beautiful mountain called House Mountain, which can give you the most unforgettable overview of Zurich. You can take a ride on the railway built in 1923 to the top where you can breathe the fresh mountain air. From the lookout tower, you’ll have a picturesque view of the lake, the city and the amazing Alps. Last, don’t miss walking down the most famous shopping street, the Bahnhofstrasse, a distance of 1.4 kilometers. On both sides, you'll find everything you need and of course, you' ll find the well-known Swiss banks.
Come to see us. You'll have an unforgettable stay in this little big city. You won’t regret it.
1. What does the underlined word "bistro" in Paragraph 2 probably refer to?| A．A bookstore | B．A library. | C．A small restaurant | D．A shopping center. |
| A．By taking a lake cruiser. |
| B．By climbing the snow-covered Alps. |
| C．By taking an old railway train. |
| D．By walking to the lake and feeding birds there. |
| A．Bahnhofstrasse | B．Alps | C．Swiss bank | D．House Mountain |
| A．introduce some interesting places in Zurich |
| B．encourage people to go to Zurich to have a visit |
| C．let people know more about the history of Zurich |
| D．tell people how to get fun when visiting Zurich |
5 . On South Goulburn Island, a small and forested island off Australia’s northern coast, a settlement called Warruwi Community consists of about 500 people who speak among themselves around 9 different languages. This is one of the last places in Australia--and probably the world--where so many indigenous(本地的) languages exist together. There's the Maung language, but also one called Bininj Kunwok and another called Yolnu Matha, and Burarra, Ndjebbana, Gunbarlang, Iwaidja, Torres Strait Creole, and English.
None of these languages, except English, are spoken by more than a few thousand people. Several, such as Ndjebbana and Maung, are spoken by groups numbering in the hundreds. For all these individuals to understand one another, one might except South Goulburn to be an island of polyglots, or a place where residents have known well about others' languages, like a sort of “linguistic stone soup”. Rather, they just talk to one another in their own language or languages, which they can do because everyone else understands some or all of the languages but doesn't speak them.
People at Warruwi Community avoid simply switching to a shared language because there are social and personal costs of doing so. Some families insist that their children speak only their language, usually their father's. Languages are associated with particular pieces of land or territory on the island, and races claim ownership of that land, so languages are also considered to be owned by races. One can only speak the languages that one has the right to speak---and breaking this restriction can be seen as a sign of hostility.
This arrangement, which linguists call “receptive multilingualism (接受式多语制)”, shows up all around the world. In some places, it’s accidental. Many English-speaking Anglos who live in the U.S. border states, for instance, can read and understand quite a bit of Spanish from being exposed to it. And countless immigrant children learn to speak the language of their host country while keeping the ability to understand their parents' languages. In other places, receptive multilingualism is a method for temporary situations. But at Warruwi Community, it plays a special role.
1. What can we learn from Paragraph 1?| A．Everyone at Warruwi Community can speak 9 different languages. |
| B．South Goulburn is the last place in the world where 9 different languages exist together. |
| C．English is one of the 9 different languages spoken at Warruwi Community. |
| D．9 different languages are spoken on the northern coast of Australia. |
| A．People knowing many languages. |
| B．Different languages mixed together. |
| C．Local people speaking the same language. |
| D．Individuals speaking different languages |
| A．They can only speak their father's language. |
| B．They choose a land and learn its local language. |
| C．They speak the language they have the right to speak. |
| D．They choose to speak a shared language. |
| A．Receptive multilingualism as a method for temporary situations. |
| B．The functions of receptive multilingualism at Warruwi Community. |
| C．Receptive multilingualism used around the world. |
| D．Children's adoption of receptive multilingualism. |
6 . It's hard for doctors to do a thorough eye exam on small children. But a new smartphone app takes advantage of parents' fondness for taking pictures of their children to look for signs that a child might be developing an eye disease.
The app is the result of a father's five-year quest to find a way to catch the earliest signs of eye diseases, and prevent loss of vision. Five years ago, doctors diagnosed (诊断）Noah Shaw's retinoblastoma—a rare type of eye cancer—when he was 4 months old. To make the diagnosis, the doctors shined a light into Noah's eye, and got a pale reflection from the back of the eyeball, an indication that there was something wrong there. Noah's father Bryan, a scientist, wondered if he could see that same pale reflection in pictures of his baby son. Sure enough, he saw the reflection, which doctors call "white eye", in a picture taken right after Noah was born.
Then Bryan decided to create an app that could scan photos for signs of this reflection. Now, that app exists, called CRADLE. To test the app, Bryan and his colleagues analyzed more than 50, 000 pictures taken of 40 children. Half had no eye disease and half had. "On average, the app detected 'white eye' in pictures collected 1. 3 years before diagnosis," says Bryan.
The app isn't perfect. It sometimes misses "white eye" when it's there, and sometimes says it's there when it's not. That latter condition is a problem. Even though the so-called false positive occurs less than 1% of the time, that's not good enough. There are about 4 million children born in the U. S. each year. A 1% false positive rate would mean tens of thousands of children showing up at the doctor unnecessarily.
Still, Bryan is upbeat about the promise of the app. "This is exciting new technology, and this is how I think we're going to go about screening for a number of diseases in the future," he says.
1. What inspired Bryan to create CRADLE?| A．His son's diagnosis. |
| B．His family photos. |
| C．His hobby of taking pictures. |
| D．His working experience as a scientist. |
| A．lt is a sign of some eye diseases. |
| B．It hardly causes serious loss of vision. |
| C．It refers to the white part of an eyeball. |
| D．It occurs when no light is reflected from the eye. |
| A．It may delay the treatment of a patient. |
| B．It may badly affect the future of the app. |
| C．It may raise serious doubts about doctors. |
| D．It may cause a waste of medical resources. |
| A．Curious. | B．Cautious. |
| C．Optimistic. | D．Worried. |
7 . One of India’s longest and strongest heat waves in decades, with temperatures reaching 123°F (51° C) has killed at least 36 lives since it began in May, and the government has warned that the suffering might continue as the arrival of monsoon (季风) rains has been delayed.
India’s heat waves have grown particularly strong in the past decade, killing thousands of people and affecting an increasing number of states. This year, the extreme temperatures have struck large parts of northern and central India.
Anup Kumar Srivastava, an expert at India’s National Disaster Management Authority, said the number of Indian states hit by heat waves was expected to grow to 23 this year from 9 in 2015. He said, “This year, the number of heat wave days has also increased — and it’s not just day temperatures, night temperatures have also been high.” He added that the coming storms would bring down temperatures in some areas, but that heat waves might pick up again until the monsoon rains arrive.
India’s Meteorological Department warns that extreme heat brings a very high likelihood of developing heat illness and heat stroke in all ages. Medical authorities have canceled leaves for doctors at hospitals in Churu as the number of patients has soared. Schools in central India have remained closed.
In the capital, New Delhi, temperatures reached a record 118.4°F (45°C) on Monday, June 10. Clouds on Tuesday promised rain, but largely failed to deliver. Dust storms the next day lowered temperatures to around 100 °F (38°C).
Heat records around the world are more likely to be broken as average temperatures climb upward because of rising greenhouse gas emissions.
1. Why might India’s heat waves continue according to the government?| A．Because clouds have failed to gather. |
| B．Because there are fewer dust storms. |
| C．Because temperatures stay high day and night. |
| D．Because monsoon rains have come later than usual. |
| A．Stayed low. | B．Increased sharply. |
| C．Remained the same. | D．Decreased slightly. |
| A．Dry. | B．Cloudy. | C．Rainy. | D．Cool. |
| A．India has Become the Hottest in History. |
| B．Heat Records Around the World Are Broken. |
| C．36 Died in India with Temperature Shooting up to 123°F. |
| D．Indian Government Took Measures to Handle Heat Waves. |
8 . Mirroring body language is a way to bond and to build understanding. It is a powerful tool that we use without even knowing it.
The most obvious forms of mirroring are yawning and smiling. When you see someone yawn, you are likely to yawn immediately. Smiling is also pretty contagious-seeing a smiling person makes you want to smile too.
Mirroring body language is a nonverbal way to say “I am like you, I feel the same”. Research shows that people who experience the same feelings are likely to trust, understand and accept each other.
Women have the natural ability to pick up and understand body signals. Therefore, it is not surprising that a woman is more likely to mirror another woman than a man is to mirror another man. That's why women are regarded as better talkers, even if they might not really have more close friends.
It is interesting that when a man tries to mirror a woman's body language while she is talking, he may seem to her as caring, intelligent and attractive.
Mirroring body language is an excellent way to build trust and understanding quickly. If you want to set up a connection with a new person, mirror his or her gestures, sitting position, tone of voice and talking pace. This will make them feel that there is something about you that they like.
While mirroring body language gains you acceptance, you still need to take into consideration your relationship with the person you are mirroring. If you are in a lower social position and are mirroring the body language of your boss, he will view you as arrogant. However, if you want to defeat those who are trying to prove superior to you, mirroring their body language will help defeat them and change their position.
1. What does the underlined word “contagious” in paragraph 2 mean?| A．Affecting each other. | B．Powerful to show one's feelings. |
| C．Attractive to the others. | D．Being gentle to people around. |
| A．send wrong messages | B．hide true feelings |
| C．win others' acceptance | D．avoid misunderstanding |
| A．You will appear very attractive. | B．It will help to soften his position. |
| C．You will seem unacceptably proud. | D．It will be a good way to build trust. |
| A．It is important to copy the others' gestures. |
| B．Why women are regarded as better talkers. |
| C．Men is not good at nonverbal communication. |
| D．Mirroring body language can be a useful tool. |
9 . Education officials and industry experts are debating the future of online learning. The discussion is important because hundreds of universities in the United States have recently moved classes online because of the spread of the novel coronavirus（冠状病毒）.
For Asha Choksi, the rise of Internet-based or online study programs has led to major improvements in higher education. “It’s actually given a lot more power to students in terms of how, when and where they learn,” the head of research for Pearson Education said.
Classes meet online through video conferencing. In this way, students are able to communicate with each other and their professors even when they are far away from school. However, recent research suggests the majority of college students and professors prefer in-person instruction, because they are concerned that companies supervising（监管）online learning programs are not clear about the policies the schools have.
“Students see in-class lectures as opportunities to engage with instructors, peers, and content.” the researchers wrote. In-person learning is especially important in fields like healthcare and teaching. Online education can never really take its place, said Stephanie Hall, a fellow with the independent policy research group The Century Foundation. “Students need to experience...what they’re learning about, reading about or hearing about in the classroom. And I don’t know yet the degree to which technology can facilitate that.”
“When schools make agreements with online program managers to run their online programs, they often do not make important information available to students,” Hall said. This includes how much control the company has over the design of the program or whether the teacher leading the classes was involved in their design. In addition, many colleges and universities advertise online programs as a low cost opportunity for students. But in some cases, students attending in-person classes get financial aid and online students do not.
1. What does Choksi think of the online study programs?| A．They offer students more choices in study. |
| B．They reform the country’s education system. |
| C．They provide advanced scientific knowledge. |
| D．They promote the development of technology. |
| A．It is convenient. |
| B．It costs less to study. |
| C．It can better meet school policies. |
| D．It can improve students’ communication skills. |
| A．change | B．apply |
| C．achieve | D．control |
| A．Hopeful. | B．Critical. |
| C．Uncaring. | D．Neutral. |
10 . Listening to music is considered a good thing for adults. Indeed it is. Scientific studies have proved it. Music has so many good effects on our body, mind and mood that this world will certainly not be a good place without music. Then, is music good for children? Some parents think so and let their children learn or listen to music. But some parents don't know the importance of music to children. Here are some reasons why music is important to children.
First, music is good for children’s intelligence. Studies have proved that children who learn music are likely to have higher intelligence than those who have no interest in or dislike music. This is because the brain gets stimulated (刺激) by the rhythm and tone of music.
Music also has soothing (抚慰的) effect on children and helps remove their stress. Today’s children are under a lot of stress from schoolwork. Being under too much stress impairs children’s health. Luckily，listening to music can help them feel better.
Music can improve children’s moods. Some children are sad by nature. They seem to be lost in their own thoughts and don’t take interest in their surroundings. In such cases，a method known as “music therapy” comes to their rescue. It changes their moods and places a new kind of spirit in them.
Music is also a universal language that children ought to learn. Our world has become a global village. People are getting more and more interested in other cultures and countries. Music can help them in understanding foreign cultures.
Now we can say that music is very important not only to adults but also to children. So children should be encouraged to learn music or listen to music.
1. By mentioning scientific studies in Paragraph 1, the author wants to show .| A．Children should listen to music |
| B．Why adults should listen to music |
| C．Listening to music is only good for adults |
| D．Why scientists are interested in music |
| A．shows. | B．changes. |
| C．improves. | D．harms. |
| A．Understanding foreign cultures better |
| B．Learning languages better |
| C．Accepting the fast developing world easily |
| D．Showing greater interest in other cultures |
| A．Why do Children Love Music? |
| B．How to Choose Music for Children |
| C．Why is Music Important to Children? |
| D．How to Teach Children Music Easily |
