1 . Billions of people deal with a nail-biting habit at some point in their lives. Many will go to great lengths to try to stop. And while not all of us are nail-biters, most of us do have a habit we’d like to kick. So what’s the best way to break one?

Research shows that intentions alone often fail to lead to long-term behavior change. This isn't to say you can’t break a habit. Rather, by understanding the basis of habits, you can create better plans for changing them. For example, we know habits are often affected by environments and routines. Lying in bed may cause you to endlessly scroll through your phone, or watching TV on the couch may lead you to grab a sugary snack.

One of the most effective ways to manage behavior is to identify these locations or times of day. Then try to modify them by changing your routine or creating obstacles that make it more difficult to perform the habit in that space. Moving, switching jobs, or even starting a new schedule, are particularly great times to break a habit or build a new one.

One 2005 study tracked university students’ exercising, reading, and TV-watching habits before and after they transferred schools. When students were no longer around old environments and routines, their habits, even the strong ones, significantly changed.

For behaviors like nail-biting, a practice called habit reversal training can be helpful. Developed by psychologists in the 1970s, the aim is to change a habit by replacing it with another one that’s less detrimental. The training requires you to analyze and understand your habit cues, so you can effectively step in at the right times. For example, if you tend to bite your nails at work, keep a fidget toy at your desk in advance. Then, if a stressful email comes in, use the toy when you feel the urge to bite your nails.

Breaking a habit takes time, so remember to give yourself grace and have patience through the process.

1. Why does the author mention “a nail-biting habit” in Para.1?

A．To make a comparison.	B．To make a conclusion.
C．To introduce the topic.	D．To attract readers' attention.

2. What is the best way to help us control our action?

A．Having intentions alone.	B．Understanding the basis of habits.
C．Making practical plans.	D．Adapting the environments or times.

3. What does the underlined word “detrimental” in Para.5 probably mean ?

A．Harmful.

B．Helpful.

C．Annoying.

D．Time-consuming.

4. Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A．Difficulties in dealing with nail-biting.	B．Significance of habit reversal training.
C．Useful tips on getting rid of a habit.	D．Necessity of having grace and patience.

2 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. Where did the speaker learn about college?

A．From the movies.

B．From her family.

C．From the books.

2. What helped change the speaker’s attitude towards study?

A．Her professor’s advice.

B．Her graduate program.

C．Her trip to Africa.

3. How does the speaker feel when she talks about her past experiences?

A．Regretful.

B．Relieved.

C．Grateful.

4. Who is the speaker probably talking to?

A．Conservation workers.

B．High school students.

C．College teachers.

3 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What has Richard been doing?

A．Visiting a museum.

B．Watching TV.

C．Studying.

2. Why does Susan call Richard?

A．To ask for help.

B．To give thanks.

C．To make an appointment.

3. What does Susan want to do?

A．See an exhibition.

B．Buy a new cell phone.

C．Take pictures of the snow.

4. What will the speakers probably do?

A．Go to a park.

B．Play football.

C．Attend a party.

4 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

By the age of sixteen years old, Ben had always been an outstanding student. He went to great lengths to achieve high grades and managed to keep his parents delighted and proud. Neither of his parents had the opportunity to attend university and it was their biggest ambition that Ben could land a well-paid and decent job as a lawyer. He knew that achieving this goal would make his parents walk on air, but he wasn’t certain whether he would feel the same.

Since he was only a child, Ben had been passionate about computer programming. He taught himself how to use a computer, and by the age of 12, he had been proficient in three difterent programming languages. He did all of this in his spare time. He was quite an introvert (内向的人), so he preferred staying in with his computer, rather than going out socializing with his fellow classmates or playing sports in the brilliant sunshine. It was acceptable with his parents, as long as he continued to focus on his studies.

One day, while reading an article online about a young technology billionaire called Tom, Ben was fascinated by the magical power of technology and the wisdom and imnovation of the young CEO. The inner voice told him that he longed to become a computer programmer. Everything changed for Ben. In the article, the CEO said that his company was trying to create a new and improved way of paying for goods online but that they were struggling with the security system. He said if they could overcome this, they could launch the biggest and best online payment system in the world. It occurred to Ben that he had an innovative idea on how to handle this problem. Thinking that it wouldn’t come to anything, he emailed the CEO, introducing himself and explaining his idea.

注意：1. 续写词数应为150个左右
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

He forgot all about it, but then a month later; the most amazing thing happened.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

With all these concerns in mind, Ben determined to communicate with his parents frankly.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5 . Lowe was facing a nightmare. His five-year-old son Tyler ________ from such a severe dental problem that he needed to have a(n)________ immediately. Lowe and his wife brought Tyler to Children’s Hospital Colorado in Denver.

“As we sat in the waiting room, we felt ________. And the way in which my wife was clinging to her son just made the ________ of the situation heavier. ”Lowe remembered.

When a nurse called the family back, Lowe’s ________ only grew. A young doctor walked into the room and told them that he would be in ________ of the surgery. As the doctor began to explain how it would proceed, Lowe’s mind ________ the worst possible outcome.

But then the doctor did something beyond ________. He looked at both Lowe and his wife in the eye, put a hand on each of their shoulders, and ________ them, “Today, your son is my son.” Lowe said he would never forget what the young doctor said, which was very helpful and meaningful. His ________   fear gave way to calm.

After the surgery was over, the doctor came back out to the family. “He ________ us with a big smile on his face and said our son is just fine, and you can see him here in a few minutes.” Lowe ________.     

After the surgery, Tyler made a quick ________ and led a normal life again. The Whole family felt so lucky to meet such a ________ doctor and Lowe explained that words ________ to express how grateful he and his wife both were for what the doctor said and did that day.

1.

A．survived

B．escaped

C．suffered

D．arose

2.

A．operation

B．look

C．exam

D．check

3.

A．relieved

B．restless

C．conscious

D．attentive

4.

A．extent

B．amount

C．range

D．gravity

5.

A．emotion

B．relief

C．terror

D．joy

6.

A．charge

B．progress

C．possession

D．place

7.

A．set off

B．turned up

C．took over

D．went to

8.

A．decisions

B．control

C．expectations

D．description

9.

A．inspired

B．comforted

C．judged

D．shocked

10.

A．slight

B．precious

C．groundless

D．previous

11.

A．headed

B．approached

C．consulted

D．appealed

12.

A．recalled

B．reviewed

C．reminded

D．responded

13.

A．cure

B．discovery

C．treatment

D．recovery

14.

A．open-minded

B．short-sighted

C．warm-hearted

D．good-tempered

15.

A．failed

B．intended

C．managed

D．attempted

6 . The majority of people make an assumption that the human brain learns all by itself. But the truth is that to some extent, we can train ourselves to be better learners.

    1     These kinds of learning behaviours are called “active learning”. Here are a bunch of guidelines to become active learners.

Follow the outer voice

We all have two voices. Our inner voice expresses our personal opinions, while the outer voice handles others’ opinions. Although our inner voice can be useful, it can also block us from learning. If we pay too much attention to it, we risk missing important information while learning. Instead, active learners are open-minded and focus on what the speaker/writer is saying, not on what their brain is saying.     2    

Debate with the inner voice

If we find it a struggle to control our inner voice, we can disagree with it as most active learners do. When our inner voice tells us a speaker/writer is wrong, think about why the speaker/writer may be right.     3       If not, at least we have “listened to” another viewpoint.

Ask questions

One of the easiest ways to promote active learning is to ask questions. When we obtain information from someone, from books or the Internet, ask a series of questions about the topic.     4     In short, we should never stop being curious.

Seek the truth

Active learners make an attempt to question the world around them and get to the truth deep within each idea. Even when an idea sounds insane, there may be an aspect of it rooted in truth. No matter how crazy it seems, we will increase our chance of learning something.

    5    

Many people let learning opportunities slip because they ignore what is said because of who the speaker/writer is. But active learners don’t judge people on the basis of first impressions. Instead, they separate the message from the messenger.

A．Concentrate your attention on the message itself.

B．Form opinions based on first impressions of messengers.

C．In this manner, they are in a better position to make decisions.

D．I suggest doing a number of things to actively take part in our learning.

E．Be flexible in our opinions and we might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.

F．For example, we can stay active in the learning process and reflect on what we have learnt.

G．The answers will lead us to further learning and help us gain a deeper understanding of the topic.

7 . With graduation time around the comer, it’s a bitter-sweet moment for everyone involved.

Leaving school with style

It was inevitable that I would leave my school in London where I had spent most of my time. That day, we wore something a bit different from our usual suits and uniform and we all sat down and watched a high-light video of the last two years, including inspirational messages from our teachers and some funny photos. Two weeks later, we attended our school prom (毕业舞会), where we could dance and say a final goodbye to our teachers and friends.

Coming out strong

The graduation ceremony is one of the most memorable parts of school life in Kazakhstan. At the official farewell, teachers and parents expressed their wishes for our future and cracked some jokes about the graduates. Then students danced “the last waltz at school”. One or two days later, the graduating students went to the after-party event, involving fresh air, camping and having cozy chats by campfire. There is a tendency not to spend money on after-parties. Instead, many choose to give it to charities.

Filled with traditions

There are many traditions in the graduation ceremony in the United States. On the graduation ceremony day, four hundred of us sat on the football field and listened to speeches before we got to “walk”—went up for our diplomas and shook hands with the principal. We were dressed in formal clothing, went out for dinners and then danced the night away. There was usually an after-party at some-one’s house.

1. What are we least likely to wear in graduation ceremony in London?

A．Hanfu.

B．Costume.

C．Uniform.

D．Unusual clothes.

2. What could we do in the after-parties in Kazakhstan?

A．Spend lots of money.	B．Communicate with others.
C．Sleep in the restaurant.	D．Donate money to the school.

3. What do the ceremonies mentioned above have in common?

A．Graduates will have some parties after the ceremony.

B．Graduates will watch a video together in the ceremony.

C．Graduates’ teachers and parents will express their wishes in the ceremony.

D．Graduates and their friends and family will walk together after the ceremony.

8 . Common Mistakes New Runners Make

Running is a great way to get in shape and just about everyone can do it. However, many make a number of common mistakes, which can interfere (妨碍) with training or lead to injury.     1     , keep these things in mind to help you increase your chances of running success.

·Doing too much too soon

One of the biggest mistakes new runners make is doing too much too soon. Slowly easing into a training program will help reduce the risk of injury, so you can continue on with your new running routine     2     .

·     3    

Beginners might think they need to run every day (or nearly every day) to meet their fitness or weight-loss goals, but this couldn’t be further from the truth. Running is a high-impact activity which can be really hard on your body. So it’s important to give your body a rest between workouts.

·Not wearing the right equipment

    4    , it’s important that you wear properly for your workouts. The most important piece of equipment for running is a good pair of running shoes, so be sure to do some research before you purchase a pair. Visit a running specialty store and ask an employee to fit you for a shoe.

•Running through pain

    5     If something hurts when you run, you need to stop and treat the pain. Remember: It doesn’t make you less of a runner if you listen to your body to keep it healthy.

A．Not taking rest days

B．If you’re just starting out

C．Comparing yourself to others

D．Running can be uncomfortable at times

E．It’s important not to use the same muscles

F．While it may be true that you don’t need expensive equipment to take up running

G．Experts suggest increasing your running distance by no more than 10% each week

9 . In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: “I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument — and that is to avoid it.” This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.

Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions — like, say, tennis tournaments. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner comes out from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking explains why so many people try to avoid arguments.

However, there are ways to win an argument every time. When you state your position, formulate (阐述) an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. When you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully. Assess its strength and weakness. Raise objections (异议) and listen carefully to their replies. This method will require effort, but practice will make you better at it.

These tools can help you win every argument — not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people, learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other — then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.

1. What is the author’s attitude toward Carnegie’s understanding of argument?

A．Critical.

B．Supportive.

C．Tolerant.

D．Uncertain.

2. Why do many people try to avoid arguments?

A．They lack debating skills.	B．They may feel bad even if they win.
C．They fear being ignored.	D．They are not confident in themselves.

3. What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Defend.

B．Explain.

C．Conclude.

D．Repeat.

4. What is the key to “winning” an argument according to the author?

A．Sense of logic.	B．Solid supporting evidence.
C．Proper manners.	D．Understanding from both sides.

10 . While bone soup can provide some beneficial nutrients, experts don’t view the popular soup as vital addition to your wellness.

Is drinking bone soup good for you? Made by boiling animal bones in water for a long time with vegetables, spices and sometimes other ingredients, bone soup can be “part of the puzzle, but is not a quick fix,” Laura Ligos, a registered nutritionist and specialist in sports dietetics, says.

“The goal is to help to pull out important nutrients from the bones,” she says. “It’s these nutrients that are extracted (萃取) from the bones that have been shown to be helpful with skin, hair, and nail health and there is some truth to that. That being said, we need more than just bone soup to be able to improve overall health.”

Benefits of bone soup include providing humans with certain nutrients from the connective tissue and meat of the bones, which in turn can aid in strengthening muscle and bones, explains Jenna Litt, a registered dietitian at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York.

“Specifically, bone soup is rich in collagen and certain vitamins and minerals, such as iron, fat-soluble vitamins, zinc and other trace minerals. Collagen and fat-soluble vitamins are known to improve hair, skin and nail health,” she adds.

Do I need bone soup in my diet? The short answer? No. While almost anyone can try it, Ligos says it’s important to look at the big picture when thinking about nutrition.

“There likely isn’t one food item that’s going to be the golden ticket to our health. It’s a combination of things that we do that can support our health over the long run. Bone soup can certainly be a part of that-but not the only part of that. ”For example, if you’ re interested in improving skin, nail and hair health, simply increasing protein intake in your diet has been shown to yield results, Litt says, pointing out that “the use of bone soup is not required.”

1. How does the author mainly develop this text?

A．By referring to professionals.	B．By analyzing cause and effect.
C．By listing a series of relevant facts.	D．By following time order.

2. What may the underlined part “the big picture” in paragraph 6 probably refer to?

A．A specific choice.	B．The whole health situation.
C．The beneficial side.	D．A particular preference.

3. Which of the following may Litt agree with?

A．Not everyone can try bone soup.	B．The use of bone soup is quite necessary.
C．Bone soup can replace protein.	D．Bone soup is not the master key to health.

4. What may be a suitable title for the text?

A．Does your diet contain enough proteins?	B．Do you consume bone soup properly?
C．Does bone soup really benefit health?	D．Is bone soup rich in essential nutrients?