1 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

How to Stay Healthy in Autumn

In recent days, the weather in most regions is no longer hot, and people can relax and enjoy the cool autumn. However, there is a big gap in temperature in the morning and evening, and the air is also drier. All of these factors can lead to dry mouth and nose, sore throat, dry cough, dry hair loss and other symptoms. People are more likely to get sick during the seasonal change from summer through autumn. So, here are some tips to keep you healthy and comfortable into the winter months.

Do eat watery food. According to traditional Chinese medicine, autumn corresponds to the lungs of the human body.Pay attention to wet lungs in dry weather.The most convenient and easy way to protect lungs in autumn is to drink more water. In addition, you can adopt the diet therapy of traditional Chinese medicine, eating some watery food, like pear and duck meat.

Do have easily digested food. People’s spleen (牌) and stomach functions are weakened because of the raw and cold food they had during the long, hot summer. So in autumn, you should give your spleen and stomach a rest. For example,you can choose some nutritious food that is easy to digest to eat, such as fish and red bean.

Be sure to take vitamin supplements. Vitamins play an important role in the body’s immune system. The number and vitality of immune cells are related to vitamins when the body resists foreign invasion. It is recommended that you eat plenty of fresh vegetables and fruits rich in vitamin C, such as kiwi and oranges.

Sleep is an important means for people to restore their physical strength, ensure their health and enhance their immunity. In autumn, it is suggested that you go to bed at 9 pm, or try to fall asleep before 11 o’clock. If you sleep at this time, it is great for your body and you can get a good quality of sleep.

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2 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。1.

A．Judging direction and distance.	B．Using the navigation app.
C．Working in all weathers.	D．Lack of taxi driving experience.

2.

A．Seeing different beautiful buildings outdoors.	B．Taking long drives outside the city.
C．Being outdoors and seeing the city change.	D．Driving in different weather conditions.

3.

A．Driving on her own.	B．Taking a train.
C．Booking airline tickets.	D．Being driven by others.

4.

A．She is not satisfied with her present job.

B．She has ten days of annual leaves with pay now.

C．She has been driving a taxi for 20 years.

D．She may change her job in the future.

3 . Engaging in Family Meals

Engaging in family meals may be a matter of improving communication and support at home. A new study in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, published by Elsevier, connects less family discouragement and better family communication with a higher likelihood to eat evening family meals and family breakfasts together, and not in front of a television. The researchers surveyed 259 patients who participated in weight management and weight loss programs at the Ohio State University or Wake Forest University.     1    

“It’s important to note all family members in the home have influence,” lead study author Keeley J. Pratt, PhD, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA, said of the findings that any family member can influence the adoption and maintenance of healthy patterns and behaviors in the home.     2     The study also found parents who perceived their child to be overweight were more than four times as likely to talk to them about the kid’s weight, also called “weight talk.”

“While open communication with children about health is beneficial, it’s important to ensure communication directly about children’s weight is not harmful in their development of a healthy body image and behaviors. That includes older children and adolescents who are at greater risk of developing eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors,” Professor Pratt said.     3     Families with younger children, regardless of gender, were more likely to eat family dinners and breakfasts together, and parents of older children were more likely to talk about their own weight with the child. As kids grow up, the relationship between kids and their parents becomes better.

    4     “Understanding these associations will provide essential evidence needed to design future family-based interventions for these patients to help in their behavior change and weight loss, prevent the beginning of obesity in children, and enhance positive family meal practices and healthy communication about weight,” Professor Pratt said.

A．The study shows parents of older children were more likely to talk about their own weight with the child.

B．They found parents with better family communication were more likely to participate in family meals.

C．There was no significant difference between male and female children in this study.

D．This was the first study specifically to examine the home eating habits of adult patients.

E．Previous study has shown parental obesity (肥胖) is the strongest risk for children’s obesity.

F．Someone has no power to influence the family, but they are influencing each other.

4 . Self-control may be the secret to success, according to a persuasive new study that followed 1,000 children from birth to age 32. Children who showed early signs of self-control were not only less likely to have developed addictions or to have committed a crime by adulthood, but were also healthier and _________ than their more impulsive peers.

For the new study, called the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, researchers led by Duke University psychologist Terrie Moffitt followed 1,000 children in New Zealand for more than three decades.

In previous research, researchers found that _________ and out-of-control behavior were more common in children who had experienced loss or violence. If children have bad experiences, the _________ may affect the proper development of the frontal cortex (前额叶) in children’s brains, which is responsible for self-control. If children have lower self-control, they will have a(n) _________ time in school. They won’t learn as efficiently and they are more likely to act out because of their frustrations, which means the potential for more _________ problems and, in later life, the potential for legal problems.

Although Moffitt’s study found some “concentration of low self-control children in homes with low income,” the author says, “The link was _________. There were plenty of well-to-do children with very low self-control.” _________, poor children who scored best on measures of self-control were more likely than others to become wealthy in later life. “One _________ of the findings is that children with high self-control who began life in low-income homes ended up as adults with higher incomes,” says Moffitt.

_________, the period of time in which many of the mistakes in self-discipline would potentially lead to the worst life outcomes occurred during the teenage years. Teens who had scored lowest in measures of __________ in early childhood were the most likely to make mistakes in the first place. And even those low self-control teens who managed to __________ smoking, alcohol or other drug-related problems, and who stayed in school, still did worse later in life than their more disciplined peers. This suggests that there might be a better __________ on investment from early childhood interventions.

“Trial and error is a __________ part of teenage life”，says Moffitt, “But teens with good self-control __________ trial and error more strategically, and they understand the difference between a useful learning experiment and real danger. I am convinced that teenagers can be taught to recognize this __________.”

1.

A．prettier

B．wealthier

C．cleverer

D．freer

2.

A．impulsiveness

B．interruption

C．miscomprehension

D．addiction

3.

A．anger

B．environment

C．confusion

D．misery

4.

A．unexpected

B．hard

C．important

D．happy

5.

A．cultural

B．financial

C．physical

D．social

6.

A．strong

B．stable

C．weak

D．flexible

7.

A．For example

B．Without doubt

C．After all

D．In fact

8.

A．interpretation

B．precondition

C．outcome

D．significance

9.

A．Fortunately

B．Contrarily

C．Unsurprisingly

D．Doubtfully

10.

A．self-education

B．self-control

C．self-deception

D．self-negation

11.

A．forget

B．miss

C．ban

D．avoid

12.

A．effect

B．expectation

C．restriction

D．return

13.

A．rare

B．spiritual

C．healthy

D．feasible

14.

A．look for

B．engage in

C．go over

D．apply to

15.

A．ambition

B．distinction

C．evolution

D．suggestion

5 . Motivating Employees under Unfavourable Conditions

It is a great deal easier to motivate employees in a growing organization than a declining one. When organizations are expanding, promotional opportunities, pay rises, and the excitement of being associated with a dynamic organization create feelings of optimism. When an organization is shrinking, the best and mobile workers are likely to leave voluntarily.     1     The minor employees remain because their job options are limited.

Morale (士气) also suffers during decline. People fear they may be the next to be made unnecessary. Productivity often Suffers, as employees spend their time sharing rumours and providing one another with moral support rather than focusing on their jobs.     2     Pay cuts, unheard of during times of growth, may even be imposed. The challenge to management is how to motivate employees under such special conditions.

    3     For example, if the job is running a small business or an autonomous unit within a larger business, high achievers should be sought. High achievers will do best when the job provides moderately challenging goats and where there is independence and feedback.

The literature on goal-setting theory suggests that managers should ensure that all employees have specific goals and receive comments on how well they are doing in those goals. Regardless of whether goals are achievable or well within management’s perceptions of the employee’s ability, if employees see them as unachievable they will reduce their effort.     4    

Since employees have different needs, managers should use their knowledge of each employee to personalize the rewards over which they have control. Some of the more obvious rewards that managers allocate include pay, promotions and the opportunity to participate in goal-setting and decision-making.

A．There is enough evidence to support the motivational benefits that result from carefully matching people to jobs.

B．For those whose jobs are secure, pay increases are rarely possible.

C．High achievers are motivated by jobs that are high in independence and responsibility.

D．Unfortunately, they are the ones the organization can least afford to lose—those with the highest skills and experience.

E．The answer to that depends on perceptions of goal acceptance and the organization’s culture.

F．Managers must be sure, therefore, that employees feel confident that their efforts can lead to performance goals.

6 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. stranded        B. unsettling       C. vast        D. alternating        E. titled        F. breaking G. unparalleled       H. unfolding       I. sprung       J. distress       K. solidity

Finding Comfort in War and Peace

Over the past 15 years, Yiyun Li, a Chinese-American author, has read War and Peace at least a dozen times. Her hardback copy of Leo Tolstoy's 1,200 - page saga bristles with colored notes, like some exotic lizard's spine. The novel is not just a masterclass in fiction, Ms. Li believes, but a cure for     1    . At the most difficult times in her life, she says, she has turned to it again and again, reassured by its "    2    " in the face of uncertainty.

War and Peace - originally     3     The Year 1805 - is widely considered the world's greatest novel. It is also among the most daunting(令人敬畏的), acknowledged Richard Pevear, one of its translators, "as     4     as Russia itself." Its huge canvas(画布)encompasses(包含)not just Napoleon's wars against the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires from 1805 to 1812, but a cast whose actions and emotions span the breath of human consciousness. As a literary critic has noted, Tolstoy is the supreme novelist of human conflicts. His epic(史诗)is a(n)     5     examination of how people respond to the pressure of both wars and ordinary life.

So large is Tolstoy's world, Ms. Li reckoned, that there could be no better companion for people     6     in isolation. She thought of virtual book club to sustain readers through the lockdown. Participants around the globe would plough through this book together and share their thoughts on social media. It would be an anchor in     7     times. To their amazement, when it began in mid-March 3,000 people on six continents signed up.

Other book clubs have     8     up to discuss great literature during the pandemic. But Tolstoy's novel reflects the atmosphere of life in quarantine better. Its     9     structure, shifting between battlefields and the salons of Russian high society, mirrors the disorienting split in readers' own attention - between their own personal, stilled states and the calamity(灾祸)    10     outside.