1. What is the speaker doing?
| A．Doing a survey. |
| B．Conducting a lecture. |
| C．Recommending an exercise. |
| A．35. | B．43. | C．53. |
| A．Basketball. | B．Cycling. | C．Running. |
| A．A perfect balance is a must while exercising. |
| B．A right type of exercise is more important. |
| C．Any exercise is better than no exercise. |
2 . Lack of sleep can be compensated for by exercise
Staying active and fit could help to ward off some of the negative health impacts that would normally result from low-quality sleep, according to a large study of 380,055 middle-aged people involved in the UK Biobank research project.While the health benefits of exercise and sleep are nothing new,
"We found those who had both the poorest sleep quality and who exercised the least were most at risk of death from heart disease, stroke (中风), and cancer," says epidemiologist Bo-Huei Huang, from the University of Sydney in Australia.
Participants were grouped into three levels of physical activity (high, medium or low) and were also given a sleep quality score from 0-5 based on the amount of shut-eye they got, how late they stayed up, insomnia (失眠), snoring and daytime sleepiness.Those with the highest risk of dying from cancer or heart disease during the study period were those with the worst quality sleep and who didn't meet the WHO recommended guidelines for exercise.
| A．The findings suggest a likely synergistic (相互的) effect, an interplay, between the two behaviors |
| B．That risk went down for people with poor quality sleep but who did meet the exercise guidelines |
| C．Exercise can make up for the lack of sleep quality |
| D．It's the relationship between them that is interesting in this particular study |
| E．However, that risk just about disappeared for those who didn't score well on sleep but did score well on physical activity |
| F．This also means that high quality sleep can slow a person's risk of illness |
| G．In the case of all forms of cancer |
1. What is the first rule the speaker gives?
| A．Get our body ready. | B．Wear comfortable clothes. | C．Never do too much exercise. |
| A．Rest a little bit. | B．Drink some water. | C．Do warm-up exercises. |
| A．Keep moving. | B．Stop at once. | C．Rest for 2 minutes. |
| A．5. | B．4. | C．3. |
If you’re looking
Researchers found that 3 milligrams of caffeine per kilogram of body weight can boost the rate of fat burning during aerobic(有氧的) exercise,
The coffee dose(一剂) was shown to increase maximal fat oxidation rate (a measure of how
“Overall, these results suggest that a
5 . Do you think you would work out more if you were offered money to do so? Science has shown that money can give people motivation to work out, but perhaps not in the way that you think.
According to a study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine Journal, the best strategy isn’t offering money; it’s giving someone money, then threatening to take it away.
Researchers gave 281 people the goal of walking 7,000 steps every day over 13 weeks.
To motivate the people who took part to reach the goal, researchers divided them into three groups.
People in the first group received $1,40(9 yuan) each day as long as they finished 7,000 steps, the second group was only able to collect the $1.40 if they had reached 7,000 steps the day before, and the third group was given $42 at the beginning of each month and $1.40 was taken away every time someone failed to meet the goal.
The third group met their daily fitness goals 50 percent more often than the other two groups, showing that people were most motivated to walk by the fear of losing money.
“People are more motivated by losses than gains, and they like immediate gratification.” study author Dr Mitesh Patel, an assistant professor at the University of Pennsylvania in the US, told CNN. “They want to be rewarded today, not next year or far into the future.”
Our brains tend to avoid wanting to lose things more than they try to get the benefits from gaining them, Patel explained. “It makes people think like the money is theirs to lose from day one.”
In addition, in most programs, many participants will drop out quickly and only the motivated will stay involved, Patel said.
“In ours, we were pleasantly surprised that 96 percent stayed.” he added.
The study provides evidence that what matters is not only the money incentive （激励）, but also how you think about them. This is important to how effective they are. The evidence could have a big effect on health promotion programs in the future, according to the study.
“Incentives themselves are not all you need,” Stephanie Pronk, a health and wellness consultant with the Aonplc corporation, told The Wall Street Journal. “It’s really important to change up the incentive design and keep people on their toes.”
1. According to Dr Mitesh Patel, the third group did better than the other two groups mostly because______.| A．they were satisfied with being paid immediately |
| B．they did not want the money they had gained to be taken away |
| C．they were able to get more money than the other two groups |
| D．they were given money at first while the others were not |
| A．prove that their program has been more successful |
| B．show that motivation mattered more in other programs |
| C．stress that they didn’t expert the result |
| D．make a further comparison between these programs |
| A．Incentives are of little importance in the process of getting fit. |
| B．Incentives and ways in which they are given are key to fitness programs. |
| C．People should keep fit actively instead of being motivated by incentives. |
| D．There are many ways to get people to feel motivated to work out more. |
| A．more benefits than losses should be obvious for participants |
| B．direct profits should be given rather than long-term ones |
| C．designers need to consider how people think about incentives |
| D．designers need to work out the right from of motivation |
