1 . 假定你是李华，你想约你的留学生好友Mikel早上一起跑步，请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 写信目的；
2. 跑步的好处；
3. 期待回复。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2 . If you think that running marathons will help you live a long and healthy life, new research may come as a shock. According to a recent scientific study, people who do a very strenuous workout are as likely to die as people who do no exercise at all.

Scientists in Denmark have been studying over 1,000 joggers (慢跑者) and non - joggers for 12 years. The death rates from the sample group indicate that people who jog at a proper pace two or three times a week for less than two and a half hours in total are least likely to die. The best speed to jog at was found to be about 5 miles per hour. The research suggests that people who jog more than three times a week or at higher speeds of over 7 mph die at the same rate as non - joggers. The scientists think that this is because strenuous exercise causes structural changes to the heart and arteries(动脉). Over time, this can cause serious effects.

Peter Schnohr, a researcher in Copenhagen, said, “If your goal is to decrease risk of death and improve life expectancy(寿命), jogging a few times a week at a proper pace is a good strategy. Anything more is not just unnecessary, and it may be harmful.”

The implications (暗示) of this are that moderate forms of exercise such as tai chi, yoga and walking may be better for us than “iron man events, triathlons and long - distance running and cycling. According to Jacob Louis Marott, another researcher involved in the study, “You don't actually have to do that much to have a good impact on your health. And perhaps you shouldn’t actually do too much”.

1. Which of the following words can replace “strenuous” in Paragraph 1?

A．regular

B．hard

C．practical

D．limited

2. Why does the author presents the figures (数字) in Paragraph 2 ?

A．To suggest giving up jogging	B．To show risks of doing sports
C．To provide supportive evidence	D．To introduce the research content

3. According to the scientists, why is too much exercise harmful?

A．It may injure the heart and arteries.	B．It can make the body tired out.
C．It will bring much pressure.	D．It consumes too much energy.

4. What can be the best title of the text?

A．No exercise at all is the best choice.	B．More exercise means a healthier life.
C．Marathons runners are least likely to die.	D．Too strenuous exercise is no better than none

3 . We all know about the health benefits of swimming. It offers a great workout for the body—it builds muscle strength and cardiovascular (心血管) fitness. If you don ‘t mind getting wet, it can be fun, too.     1     Well, many people are taking the plunge (参与), based on evidence that it can actually be good for us.

Cold-water swimming, sometimes called wild swimming, involves swimming in natural areas including ponds, rivers and the sea. Jumping in gives a short sharp shock to the body, but many participants say they have got used to it.     2     But research has found it can have much bigger benefits than that for your body and mind. As well as being good exercise, spending time outdoors and in water improves well-being.

    3     One man who suffered constant pain after surgery claimed he was cured by taking a plunge in cold open water. And another swimmer, Sandria Simons, said “the immersion (沉浸) of your body in cold, salt water makes you feel that you’re at one with nature if you like.     4    ”

But what is it that people are gaining from this cold experience? Doctors say getting into cold water causes a stress response, but when you do it more, your reaction to stress will be reduced. It’s also thought to have a strong calming effect.     5     Some experts believe cold-water swimming helps “cross-adaptation”, where one form of stress prepares the body for another. For example, it also helps reduce the stress of exercising at high altitudes.

So, if you’re convinced that this is for you, take this advice: approach it with caution, swim with a friend, and maybe start in summer, when the water temperatures are higher!

A．It’s really amazing.

B．A cold dip might wake you up.

C．The water temperature is a bit higher.

D．When did you swim in the river last time?

E．But who would enjoy swimming in icy water?

F．Cold-water swimming helps cure certain health problems.

G．There are bigger benefits to this stress-reducing exercise, though.

8 . Do you think you would work out more if you were offered money to do so? Science has shown that money can give people motivation to work out, but perhaps not in the way that you think.

According to a study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine Journal, the best strategy isn’t offering money; it’s giving someone money, then threatening to take it away.

Researchers gave 281 people the goal of walking 7,000 steps every day over 13 weeks.

To motivate the people who took part to reach the goal, researchers divided them into three groups.

People in the first group received $1,40(9 yuan) each day as long as they finished 7,000 steps, the second group was only able to collect the $1.40 if they had reached 7,000 steps the day before, and the third group was given $42 at the beginning of each month and $1.40 was taken away every time someone failed to meet the goal.

The third group met their daily fitness goals 50 percent more often than the other two groups, showing that people were most motivated to walk by the fear of losing money.

“People are more motivated by losses than gains, and they like immediate gratification.” study author Dr Mitesh Patel, an assistant professor at the University of Pennsylvania in the US, told CNN. “They want to be rewarded today, not next year or far into the future.”

Our brains tend to avoid wanting to lose things more than they try to get the benefits from gaining them, Patel explained. “It makes people think like the money is theirs to lose from day one.”

In addition, in most programs, many participants will drop out quickly and only the motivated will stay involved, Patel said.

“In ours, we were pleasantly surprised that 96 percent stayed.” he added.

The study provides evidence that what matters is not only the money incentive （激励）, but also how you think about them. This is important to how effective they are. The evidence could have a big effect on health promotion programs in the future, according to the study.

“Incentives themselves are not all you need,” Stephanie Pronk, a health and wellness consultant with the Aonplc corporation, told The Wall Street Journal. “It’s really important to change up the incentive design and keep people on their toes.”

1. According to Dr Mitesh Patel, the third group did better than the other two groups mostly because______.

A．they were satisfied with being paid immediately

B．they did not want the money they had gained to be taken away

C．they were able to get more money than the other two groups

D．they were given money at first while the others were not

2. By mentioning other similar programs, Dr Mitesh Patel intended to______.

A．prove that their program has been more successful

B．show that motivation mattered more in other programs

C．stress that they didn’t expert the result

D．make a further comparison between these programs

3. What can we infer from Stephanie Pronk’s words?

A．Incentives are of little importance in the process of getting fit.

B．Incentives and ways in which they are given are key to fitness programs.

C．People should keep fit actively instead of being motivated by incentives.

D．There are many ways to get people to feel motivated to work out more.

4. We can learn from the study that for incentives to work______.

A．more benefits than losses should be obvious for participants

B．direct profits should be given rather than long-term ones

C．designers need to consider how people think about incentives

D．designers need to work out the right from of motivation