1 . Could your dog be prone to a fatal disease? Is your new shelter pup part beagle or boxer? Many pet owners seek answers to these questions, and as a result, direct-to-consumer dog DNA testing is booming.
Human interfering with dog DNA has long been the driving factor behind dogs’ breed diversity — or lack thereof. But a dog’s DNA can also be used to confirm their lineage (血统) or identify their breed, a boon for pet owners on the lookout for breed-specific health or behavioral challenges or those looking to confirm their dog really has the heritage claimed by a breeder or seller. During DNA analysis, labs sequence the dog’s DNA and look for similarities with a dataset of identified dog breeds.
But breed identification isn’t as simple as it might seem. In a study published in the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association last month, scientists looked into the accuracy of breed prediction in commercially available DNA tests that required a photo of the dog in addition to its DNA sample. The results were mixed, says Casey Greene, a professor who co-authored the study.
“Most tests could accurately distinguish the breed of purebred dogs,” says Greene. But the analysis suggested that some testing companies might rely on the photo more than the dog’s actual genetics — and revealed big differences between companies’ business practices and the genetic datasets they use to determine dog breeds.
The researchers submitted photos and DNA of 12 purebred dogs to a total of six commercial canine (犬的) ancestry identification services. Since each pup was purebred and possessed extensive American Kennel Club paperwork, the researchers knew their breed conclusively—but in some cases they provided a photo of a different dog to see if the photo influenced the DNA results. One of the companies misidentified a purebred Chinese crested dog — almost entirely hairless — as a long-haired Brittany spaniel, seemingly based on the photo alone. The other five did identify the registered breed correctly, but often gave different predictions for other “ancestor” breeds in dogs whose DNA suggested mixed breeding in prior generations. The researchers concluded that veterinarians and pet owners alike should “approach direct-to-consumer tests with caution” given the lack of industry standardization and at least one company’s reliance on photographs instead of DNA analysis.
Despite these concerns, though. dog DNA seems headed for a golden age — and the insights revealed through further study of Fido’s genome (基因组) have already reached far beyond the doghouse. Domesticated dogs have emerged as surprising superstars in medical research that benefits humans. According to researchers, that’s just the beginning. With implications ranging from entertaining to consequential, there’s no telling what dog DNA will continue to unleash.
1. The underlined word “boon” in paragraph two is closest in meaning to ________.A.blessing | B.substitute | C.duty | D.struggle |
A.it assists in accurately determining the breed a dog belongs to |
B.it helps to predict whether dogs are subject to certain diseases |
C.it provides pet owners with insights into dogs’ behavioral challenges |
D.it sequences the DNA of identified dog breeds to find their similarities |
A.Photos play a more significant role in identifying a dog’s breed than its actual genetics. |
B.It is a common phenomenon that the DNA analysis of dogs may yield mixed results. |
C.Commercial dog DNA tests still have limitations and should be dealt with cautiously. |
D.Direct-to-consumer tests overshadow DNA analysis in identifying purebred dogs. |
A.Controversies regarding its reliability are here to stay. |
B.It is bound to make breakthroughs in the fields of medicine and entertainment. |
C.It can step into a golden age as long as some research limitations are fixed. |
D.It may have far-reaching significance and be applied to a wider range of areas. |
2 . Charity in Action
In a busy city like Shanghai, the hustle and bustle often overshadow the needs of those less fortunate. However, amidst this chaos, there are still stories of
One such story unfolded one sunny afternoon in the heart of the city. Li Hua, a high school student, was walking home from school,
Curious, she approached and saw an elderly woman sitting on the ground,
Without
Inspired by this encounter, Li Hua decided to take action. She organized a charity event at her school,
To her surprise, the response was
The charity event was a huge success. Not only did it raise a significant amount of money and goods, but it also
Li Hua’s actions not only
In the busy and often impersonal world of Shanghai, Li Hua’s story is a beacon of hope, a reminder that amidst the noise and crowds, there is still room for
A.charity | B.success | C.adventure | D.courage |
A.advocated | B.annoyed | C.amused | D.amazed |
A.happy | B.lost | C.helpless | D.hopeless |
A.sorrow | B.happiness | C.confusion | D.surprise |
A.hesitation | B.permission | C.doubt | D.invitation |
A.sad | B.nervous | C.warm | D.proud |
A.reducing | B.gaining | C.losing | D.raising |
A.carried out | B.gave away | C.put up | D.took down |
A.negative | B.indifferent | C.overwhelming | D.disappointing |
A.offering | B.demanding | C.expecting | D.refusing |
A.created | B.destroyed | C.ignored | D.avoided |
A.ignored | B.highlighted | C.linked | D.analyzed |
A.helped | B.hurt | C.ignored | D.frightened |
A.shaking | B.showing | C.lending | D.pointing |
A.kindness | B.wealth | C.fame | D.power |
3 . The disposable culture
The disposable (一次性的) culture started small. In1892 William Painter, founder of the Baltimore Bottle Seal Company, patented the bottle cap. The bottles were returned and refilled, but the bottle caps were
Most people feel
With persistence, one may still
This dilemma (困境) occasionally
While some repairs are certainly beyond the ability of the ordinary consumer, many are unbelievably simple. Finding willing
A.turned out | B.thrown away | C.held out | D.kept away |
A.invention | B.concept | C.version | D.equipment |
A.historic | B.political | C.cultural | D.economic |
A.replace | B.produce | C.maintain | D.launch |
A.motivated by | B.accustomed to | C.uncomfortable about | D.independent of |
A.wise | B.relieved | C.bored | D.guilty |
A.removes | B.discovers | C.fixes | D.adjusts |
A.tell | B.miss | C.find | D.affect |
A.service | B.machine | C.information | D.part |
A.doubt | B.insist | C.know | D.recall |
A.takes up | B.puts up | C.makes up | D.opens up |
A.worthless | B.familiar | C.priceless | D.unavailable |
A.fault | B.stage | C.mistake | D.ease |
A.popular | B.disappointing | C.accidental | D.satisfying |
A.managers | B.salesmen | C.repairmen | D.deliverers |
4 . In Favour of Simple Writing
Do you edit text messages carefully before sending them? If so, you may be the kind of person who takes pride in
People are constantly receiving messages, from the mailbox to the inbox to the text-message alert. What to read, what to skim (略读) and what to ignore are decisions that nearly everyone has to make dozens of times a day. A new book titled All Readers are Busy Nowadays makes the argument for being the careful kind of
Take “less is more”. Most books on writing well advocate the advice to
Keeping messages to a
Syntax (句法) and
If everyone is a busy reader, everyone is a busy writer, too. That may make it tempting to sent as many messages as
A.conveying | B.understanding | C.crafting | D.sending |
A.care | B.quantity | C.simplicity | D.technology |
A.reader | B.poster | C.learner | D.writer |
A.structures | B.principles | C.aims | D.alternatives |
A.remove | B.ignore | C.reconsider | D.interpret |
A.conveyed | B.translated | C.tested | D.shaped |
A.lowered | B.affected | C.doubled | D.maintained |
A.basic | B.positive | C.definite | D.single |
A.Recording | B.Reducing | C.Counting | D.Estimating |
A.in comparison | B.after all | C.for instance | D.in particular |
A.word-choice | B.pattern-design | C.target-setting | D.platform-selection |
A.difficult | B.suitable | C.challenging | D.common |
A.carefully | B.often | C.politely | D.quickly |
A.outcomes | B.points | C.figures | D.benefits |
A.received | B.written | C.read | D.answered |
5 . Nature’s Gigantic Snow Plough
On January 10, 1962, an enormous piece of glacier broke away and collapsed down the side of a mountain in Peru. A mere seven minutes later, when cascading ice finally came to a stop ten miles down the mountain, it had taken the lives of 4,000 people. This disaster is one of the most “destructive” examples of a very common event: an avalanche (雪崩) of snow or ice. Because it is extremely cold at very high altitudes, snow rarely melts.
Even an avalanche of light power can be dangerous, but the Peruvian disaster was particularly terrible because it was caused by a heavy layer of ice.
At present there is no way to predict or avoid such enormous avalanches, but luckily, they are very rare.
A.It is estimated that the ice that broke off weighed three million tons. |
B.It just keeps piling up higher and higher. |
C.Scientists are constantly studying the smaller, more common avalanches, to try to understand what causes them. |
D.An extremely rare snow and ice disaster hit the south area of China in January, 2008, seriously influencing people’s production and life. |
E.But most avalanches occur long before this happens. |
F.This year’s snow and ice disaster has caused great harm to power network. |
Smart TV channels a sense of frustration
The phenomenon of watching less or not watching TV has mirrored a plunge in traditional TV sales in recent years.
“I haven’t watched TV at home for almost five years.” The same sentiment is a true portrayal of many Gen-Zers today. In the past when entertainment options
“Watching
The phenomenon mirrors a plunge in traditional TV sales in recent years. A report by All View Cloud, a data analysis company, says that domestic TV sales in 2020 were 44.5 million units, down 9.1 percent year-on-year; and sales revenue was 120.9 billion yuan ($19.1 billion), down 11.7 percent.
However, not watching traditional TV does not mean
However, compared with the rapid development and profit growth of internet smart TV, complaints about a decline in service experience have come to light.
A woman’s complaint over her newly bought TV set has echoed across Chinese social media recently. In her video, posted on Douyin, she says most people watching TV now are elders, and a TV cannot be turned on
7 . ChatGPT, the new artificial-intelligence technology created by Open AI, has many worrying about the future of education. The two largest public school districts, New York and Los Angeles, have banned the chatbot from their devices and networks, concerned that students may use it to cheat on assignments. Though ChatGPT’s capabilities are limited, it will likely continue to disrupt education as the technology advances.
But educators needn’t fear this change. Such technologies are transformative, but they threaten only the information-centric type of education that is failing to help students succeed. What young people need today is educational models that help them take ownership of their studies. They need instruction that equips them with real-life skills and prepares them for an economy in which rote, mechanical tasks will be increasingly performed by machines. AI may be a useful invention that hastens much-needed educational reform.
Practicing skills to enhance one’s facility with reasoning, analysis and argumentation — rather than memorizing basic information — should be central to learning. These are skills young people will need in future careers and, most important, that AI can’t replicate. Our experience with AI is perhaps best understood when compared with previous disruptions in education. When printed books, for example, began to emerge in the mid-1400s with the advent of the movable type, one can imagine university professors feared that students wouldn’t need to come to class because they could simply buy the book.
Yet in practice, printing had the opposite effect: The number of universities exploded along with the total number of books. The new technology disrupted the mechanical aspect of education, but in doing so it allowed educators to refocus on higher-level skills — the strategic elements rather than the tactical. The same followed the introduction of calculators and spreadsheets, which freed up time that would have been spent memorizing rote algorithms for mathematical problems.
This change didn’t make the underlying skills unnecessary; it merely transformed what could be done with them. The effect of such technology as ChatGPT will likely be similar. The AI will serve as an information-gathering and mechanical-organizing tool, but it won’t eliminate the fundamental need for critical thinking. These skills will persist and only increase in value. Therefore, schools must remember that the value created by education isn’t a head full of facts but a person with the skill to use these facts with the tools available to magnify his effect in the world. AI is best seen as another of these tools, which, when used strategically, can unleash student learning and performance in ways not yet seen.
1. What does this change refer to in Paragraph 2?A.Some public school districts have banned from their devices and networks. |
B.The information-centric type of education is failing to help students succeed. |
C.Artificial-intelligence technology keeps making new progress nowadays. |
D.The development of AI is making a difference to the traditional education. |
A.the new technology disrupts education in our previous experience |
B.the movable type printing negatively impacts our university teaching |
C.such technology helps shift our attention to students’ higher-level skills |
D.AI frees us from memorizing rote algorithms for mathematical problems |
A.instruct students in obtaining as many facts as possible |
B.adopt teaching strategies to enhance students’ performance |
C.equip students with necessary skills with the help of AI |
D.teach students to magnify the effect of tools in the world |
A.AI can save education from itself | B.ChatGPT disrupts educational reform |
C.AI raises worries about school education | D.ChatGPT transforms education at all levels |
A. admiration B. vital C. equipping D. involves E. opportunity F. controversial G. undergo H. qualities I. denying J. drawing K. distinctive |
In life’s journey, maturity plays a significant role in guiding individuals towards success. It encompasses
Mature individuals often exhibit
The impact of maturity on personal and professional development is
In conclusion, maturity is essential for success and fulfillment. Let us embrace change as a(n)
9 . Childhood Media Shaping Futures
Much of the media we consume during our formative years shapes us into the people we are today. Reflect on a particular piece of media from our childhood—perhaps it’s the TV show we eagerly awaited every weekend during visits to our grandmother’s house.
While they might have been restricted from social media accounts until a certain age, once given access, they tend to be more prepared. The media exposure of our generation has undoubtedly led to an increased maturation at younger ages.
Simply looking back at previous generations and the rate of consumption and processing of information that we experience every day, the effects of such are only beginning. As soon-to-be or current adults, we are already facing issues such as depression, anxiety, and delays in certain learning and social skills, just to name a few. Are we “more mature?” or are we overexposed and at risk for exceptional mental, physical, and emotional consequences?
In conclusion, childhood media consumption significantly influences our lives.
A.Such media doesn’t just entertain. |
B.You can easily pick out the differences among your siblings. |
C.As we journey through adulthood, it’s crucial to reflect on its impact. |
D.Media exposure during childhood impacts each child in distinct ways. |
E.Additionally, media have proven to have long-term effects on individuals. |
F.However, our mental and physical states may not be adequately equipped to handle it. |
10 . Growing up in Ukraine, Vadim didn’t know what it was like to live in a safe, stable home. His parents were alcoholics who would often beat him. They’d even stuff him into a wine container, breaking his little body and leaving only a small opening at the top so he could breathe and see — but only just a little.
By the time Vadim turned 9, he was living in an orphanage (孤儿院). Unfortunately, as is the case with far too many little ones, his life only got worse there. Not only was he hurt, but he was placed in a room on the third floor, making it impossible to get downstairs in a wheelchair.
This left Vadim crawling up and down the stairs, an activity that was both physically and mentally exhausting. He’d often be late for meals. If the food wasn’t already gone by the time he arrived, other kids would steal from him.
Then, a chain effect began when some special folks visited the orphanage. They told him a story about a spiritual figure who advocated love and forgiveness. This conversation helped the 14-year-old find his faith and, in turn, he had more hope than he ever had before.
Today, Vadim is on longer the boy subject to fate. He is a father to his own kids, and his life couldn’t be more different or better. Over the years, he’s discovered a gift for expressing himself through art. This inspired Tim Tebow Foundation, an organization fighting for the most vulnerable (脆弱的) people around the world, to ask if he’d like to create a piece that represented what it looked and felt like for him to have gone from “darkness to light.”
The result? A truly remarkable painting that features Vadim, in his wheelchair, leaving behind his old home, including the wine container his parents stuffed him into. His new direction includes a beautiful forest full of fall leaves and bright light, showing the hope he is said to have found in the inspiring story.
1. According to the passage, Vadim’s parents treated him ________.A.abusively | B.forgivingly | C.thoughtfully | D.strictly |
A.Because his little roommates often did damage to his wheelchair. |
B.Because other children would take his meal without permission. |
C.Because he couldn’t use the wheelchair to go downstairs from a high floor. |
D.Because getting downstairs was demanding for him physically and mentally. |
A.an effective treatment for Vadim’s disability |
B.a series of positive changes occurring in Vadim’s life |
C.a sense of hope from the story of a spiritual figure |
D.a helping hand from Tim Tebow Foundation |
A.He admires the beauty and harmony of nature. |
B.He leads a miserable life with his own kids. |
C.He excels in delicate painting techniques. |
D.He says farewell to the past and harvests happiness. |