1 . A 17-year-old boy, caught sending text messages in class, was recently sent to the vice principal's office at Millwood High School in Halifax, Nova Scotia. The vice principal, Steve Gallagher, told the boy he needed to focus on the teacher, not his cellphone. The boy listened politely and nodded, and that's when Mr. Gallagher noticed the student's fingers moving on his lap. He was texting while being scolded for texting. “It was a subconscious act,” says Mr. Gallagher, who took the phone away. “Young people today are connected socially from the moment they open their eyes in the morning until they close their eyes at night. It's compulsive.”

A study this year by psychology students at Covenant College in Lookout Mountain, Ga., found that the more time young people spend on Facebook, the more likely they are to have lower grades and weaker study habits. Heavy Facebook users show signs of being more sociable, but they are also more likely to be anxious, hostile or depressed. (Doctors, meanwhile, are now blaming addictions to 'night texting' for disturbing the sleep patterns of teens.)

Almost a quarter of today's teens check Facebook more than 10 times a day, according to a 2009 survey by Common Sense Media, a nonprofit group that monitors media's impact on families. Will these young people get rid of this habit once they enter the work force, or will employers come to see texting and 'social-network checking' as accepted parts of the workday?

Think back. When today's older workers were in their 20s, they might have taken a break on the job to call friends and make after-work plans. In those earlier eras, companies discouraged non-business-related calls, and someone who made personal calls all day risked being fired. It was impossible to imagine the constant back-and-forth texting that defines interactions among young people today.

Educators are also being asked by parents, students and educational strategists to reconsider their rules. “In past generations, students got in trouble for passing notes in class. Now students are adept at texting with their phones still in their pockets,” says 40-year-old Mr. Gallagher, the vice principal, “and they're able to communicate with someone one floor down and three rows over. Students are just fundamentally different today. They will take suspensions rather than give up their phones.”

1. The underlined word   “a subconscious act” refers to an act ________.

A．on purpose

B．without realization

C．in secret

D．with care

2. Young people addicted to the use of Facebook______.

A．are good at dealing with the social relationships and concentrate on their study

B．have high spirits and positive attitudes towards their life and work

C．have been influenced mentally in the aspects of behaviors and habits

D．are always in bad mood and have poor performance in every respect

3. Mr. Gallagher reminds us that the students in the past and those today_______.

A．like to break rules and have the same means of sending messages

B．are always the big problem for the educators and their parents

C．like sending text messages but those today do it in a more secret and skillful way

D．cannot live without a cellphone

4. What’s the best title of the passage?

A．Teenagers and Cellphones

B．Teenagers’ Texting Addiction

C．Employers and Teenagers

D．Teenagers’ Education

2 . If there were an app on your phone that could improve your memory, would you try it? Who wouldn't want a better memory? After all, our memories are fragile and can be impaired (损害) by diseases, injuries, mental health conditions and aging.

A multibillion-dollar industry for brain training already capitalizes on this perceived need by providing an abundance of apps for phones and tablets that provide mental challenges that are easily accessible and relatively inexpensive.

However, brain training has become a controversial attempt. Some researchers have expressed deep reservations about both its reliability and its validity. There was even a statement issued calling brain training into question, which, in turn, resulted in a counter response from researchers who defended it.

The main controversies center around the extent to which the practice of these skills results in actual benefits that are consequential for your daily life. Does recalling an increasing number of digits (数字) help you remember to take your medication, do better on a school exam, remember the name of the person whom you met yesterday or even make better life choices?

Some scientists question whether this is even possible. Others argue that we should consider the brain like our muscles, which can be exercised and strengthened. In this analogy (类比), daily challenges, even demanding ones such as reading a detailed newspaper article or solving an algebra problem, might not be sufficiently challenging to furnish an adequate work-out for the brain.

Just as athletes engage in strength and conditioning by repeatedly exercising certain muscle groups and body systems, targeted repetition of memory exercises may be the key to strengthening arid conditioning our memory processes. Memory training apps require tracking a large number of objects while one is distracted with a secondary task (such as making mental calculations). That degree of difficulty and repetition, however, may be rare in daily life, which is the gap that memory apps aim to fill.

1. What do the underlined words “capitalizes on” in paragraph 2 probably mean?

A．Provides money for.	B．Takes advantage of.
C．Takes notice of.	D．Makes up for.

2. What is researchers’ attitude towards brain training?

A．They think it should be totally banned.

B．They are optimistic about its effectiveness.

C．They are divided on its practical benefits in real life.

D．They agree that it will pose challenges to our daily life.

3. What does the author suggest in the last two paragraphs?

A．Challenges in daily life provide enough exercise for the brain.

B．Memory training apps may help strengthen our brain.

C．Regular physical exercise can boost our mental capacity.

D．Brain training may not achieve its desired effects.

4. What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage?

A．To prove the importance of brain training.

B．To analyze the benefits and risks of brain training.

C．To discuss the reliability of memory training.

D．To promote apps that are targeted at memory training.

3 . There is proof that, in the past, large comets（彗星）or asteroids（小行星）have struck the Earth. Thirty-five million years ago, a three-kilometer-wide rock hit the ocean floor, 160 kilometers from what is now Washington, D. C., leaving an 85-kilometer-wide crater（坑）buried beneath Chesapeake Bay. Another giant rock, called Titan, ten kilometers in diameter smashed into the Gulf of Mexico around 65 million years ago, giving off thousands of times more energy than all the nuclear weapons on the planet combined. "The whole Earth burned that day," says Ed Lu, a physicist and former astronaut. "The chaos and destruction were unimaginable. Three-quarters of all life forms, including the dinosaurs, died out."

Astronomers have found numerous asteroids big enough to cause a disaster for the whole planet. None is on course to do so in our lifetimes, but there are many smaller asteroids that could strike in the near-future, with destructive effects. On June 30, 1908, an object as big as a 15-story building fell in Tunguska, a remote part of Siberia. The object, an asteroid or a small comet, exploded several kilometers before impact, burning and blowing down trees across 2, 000 square kilometers. Clouds of dust and ice filled the sky. The particles reflected the surfs light onto the Earth, and for days people in Europe could read newspapers outdoors at night. More recently, in 2013, a 20-meter meteor（流星）exploded over Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, injuring dozens of people on the ground. It was the largest object to enter the Earth's atmosphere since Tunguska.

The next time a large object falls out of the sky, we may be taken by surprise. Currently, there is no early-warning system for near-Earth objects. However, over the next decade, sky surveys, like the one being done by Tholen should begin filling that gap. Astronomers are making a list of thousands of asteroids to help us predict the next strike. "Every couple of weeks," says Lu, "we're going to be finding another asteroid with, like, a one-in-a-thousand chance of hitting the Earth."

1. When did the largest object mentioned in the text enter the Earth's atmosphere?

A．65 million years ago.	B．35 million years ago.
C．In 1908.	D．In 2013.

2. What does the author want to tell us by the examples in Paragraph 2?

A．The recent findings of rare stars.	B．The significance of disaster prevention.
C．The new knowledge of space travel.	D．The threat of comets and asteroids.

3. What can we infer from Ed Lu's words?

A．The chance of the earth being hit is decreasing.

B．Titan destroyed most life forms on earth.

C．The dinosaurs died out due to a nuclear explosion.

D．We have already had mature warning systems.

4. What is the author's attitude towards future predictions?

A．Pessimistic.	B．Indifferent.
C．Optimistic.	D．Neutral.

4 . I had just won a bidding for a 1950s cookie tin full of memories at an estate sale. Delighted at my victory, I took the box and gave it a shake. The contents rattled. Inside were hundreds of buttons, pins, and other items, all glittering in the sunlight. As a girl, I'd always enjoyed digging through my mom's box, just as my daughters enjoyed looking through mine.

My eye caught the movement of a swing on the front porch of the house. An old woman watched the happenings in her yard. As I carried my purchases to my car, I stopped to chat with her. She told me she was selling almost all her possessions because she was moving to a nursing home.

Her eyes fell to the button box, and when she looked up, they were glistening with tears. I took the lid off the tin, and her rough hands lifted a handful of buttons and then slowly dropped them back into the container. Her fist closed around a delicate pearl button, now yellow with age. "It was from my first husband's uniform," she said. "It's one of the few things that remind me of him when he didn't return home alive." They had been married seven months before he left to serve his country in World War II.

As we sifted through the box together, we found hairpins ranging from black to brown to shades of gray and even white; a key to a music box that played a special love song; garter clips, wooden nickels, ruby buttons; all took her further down memory lane. I learned about her wedding, the birth of her children, and much more of the life she'd led for 89 years.

After our chat, I set the woman's box of memories down on the swing and slid my hands into hers. I knew we would talk again, when I went to visit her at her new home. And I knew that when l reached my own home, my heart would pull me to my sewing room, where I would rediscover my own lifetime of memories in my own button box.

1. How did the author feel when she got the tin?

A．Curious.	B．Regretful.
C．Joyful.	D．Embarrassed.

2. What can we infer about the old woman from the text?

A．She was to sell her house and move to a new one.

B．She had to sell many things to make ends meet.

C．She didn't marry again after her husband died.

D．She was the former owner of the cookie tin.

3. What does the underlined phrase "sifted through" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．Examined.	B．Picked.
C．Carried.	D．Decorated.

4. What does the button box represent?

A．Antiques that add history to a place.

B．Memories of unpleasant experiences.

C．Objects that bring moments to mind.

D．Expressions of kindness from strangers.

5 . It was an early blow to my self-confidence. I was attending my first group meeting in the lab _______ a postdoc (博士后), and I was _______ that I could follow most of the discussion. Then, in front of everyone, the professor turned to me and asked about my previous accomplishments. I _______. As a PhD student, I had achieved lots to be _______ of. But _______ of those were in my home country of Brazil. Now I was in Washington D. C. and I didn’t know what the word “accomplishment” meant. So all I could say was “I don’t know”.

I had decided to do a postdoc abroad because I thought the training would _______ me a teaching position. I applied for it and received a Brazil in government fellowship to spend 18 months working abroad and got a position in a lab. It all seemed so easy—until I _______ started.

In a new country, I _______, After the _______ lab meeting incident, my confidence took another ________. The paper I had finished painstakingly did not ________. I used to be invited to give talks. Now, I was asked to speak more ________ because of my accent. My confidence was ________.

After months of ________, I reminded myself that I had ________ of success. I needed to do something to ________ my confidence. I thought a change of environment might be what I needed. So I made the ________.

In another new lab, I still felt insecure. ________, I was determined to make the most of the time I had. There were more opportunities to interact with other, which forced me to ________ more. It was awful at first, but with practice I began to feel more confident in my English. I proposed new projects. I began to receive ________ feedback on my presentations.

My confidence is back.

1.

A．for

B．as

C．like

D．with

2.

A．aware

B．afraid

C．glad

D．sorry

3.

A．suffered

B．fell

C．froze

D．refused

4.

A．appreciative

B．protective

C．ashamed

D．proud

5.

A．any

B．all

C．none

D．little

6.

A．secure

B．lead

C．land

D．provide

7.

A．clearly

B．frequently

C．hardly

D．actually

8.

A．failed

B．struggled

C．crashed

D．cried

9.

A．exciting

B．interesting

C．fascinating

D．embarrassing

10.

A．hit

B．loss

C．failure

D．pain

11.

A．come about

B．come on

C．come out

D．come in

12.

A．naturally

B．slowly

C．awkwardly

D．accurately

13.

A．drowned

B．changed

C．destroyed

D．delayed

14.

A．self-harm

B．self-help

C．self-rule

D．self-doubt

15.

A．promise

B．mark

C．spot

D．access

16.

A．regain

B．return

C．review

D．replace

17.

A．response

B．sacrifice

C．move

D．plan

18.

A．Otherwise

B．Besides

C．Then

D．However

19.

A．write

B．read

C．talk

D．listen

20.

A．positive

B．objective

C．active

D．strong

6 . By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.

At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.

Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.

Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT’s Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model thatprojectschanges to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 39C, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener.” Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing,” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”

And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, “it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.

Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. “It’ll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change,” Dutkiewicz said, “ but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”

1. What directly makes the change of the ocean’s appearance?

A．The increase of phytoplankton.

B．The way light reflects off the organisms.

C．The type and concentration of phytoplankton.

D．The decline of phytoplankton.

2. What does the underlined word “project” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．Control.	B．Use.
C．Predict.	D．Discover.

3. What can we learn from the passage?

A．Phytoplankton are sensitive to the ocean’s warming trend.

B．Phytoplankton absorb carbon dioxide at the bottom of the ocean.

C．Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear bluer

D．Data have been found to show the change in the colour of the ocean

4. What is the main purpose of the passage?

A．To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.

B．To explain the effect of climate change on oceans.

C．To analyze the consequences of ocean colour changes.

D．To analyze the composition of the ocean food chain.

7 . Scientists may one day be able to destroy viruses in the same way that opera singers break wine glasses. New research mathematically determined the frequencies at which simple viruses could be shaken to death.

The capsid (壳) of a virus is something like the shell of a turtle, said physicist Otto Sankey of Arizona State University. “If the shell can be damaged by mechanical vibrations (震动), the virus can be destroyed.”

Recent experimental evidence has shown that laser (激光) pulses with the right frequency can kill certain viruses. However, locating these resonant (共振的) frequencies is a bit of trial and error. Experiments must try various conditions, Sankey said.

To further this search, Sankey and his student Eric Dykeman have developed a way to calculate the vibrations of every atom in a virus shell. From this, they can determine the lowest resonant frequencies. An experiment has recently shown that pulses of laser light can cause destructive vibrations in virus shells. Sankey said, “Like pushing a child on a swing from rest, one sudden push gets the virus shaking.”

However, it is difficult to calculate what sort of push will kill a virus, since there can be millions of atoms in its shell structure. A direct calculation of each atom’s movements would take several hundred thousand Gigabytes of computer memory, Sankey explained.

The team plans to use their technique to study other, more complicated viruses. However, it is still a long way from using this to destroy the viruses in infected people. “This is such a new field, and there are so few experiments that the science has not yet had enough time to prove itself,” Sankey said. “We remain hopeful but remain skeptical at the same time.”

1. What is the new way to kill viruses?

A．Replacing viruses’ capsids with shells.

B．Breaking viruses’ capsids by vibration.

C．Locating the position of certain viruses.

D．Damaging the conditions that viruses like.

2. Why does Sankey mention “pushing a child on a swing” in Paragraph 4?

A．To prove how simple the new theory is.

B．To explain how to start the virus shaking.

C．To suggest the idea comes from our real life.

D．To show the destructive power of vibrations.

3. What is the fifth paragraph mainly about?

A．The shell structure of viruses.

B．The lack of computer memory.

C．The challenging part of the research.

D．The importance of atoms’ movement.

4. What is Sankey’s attitude towards the theory?

A．Disapproving.	B．Worried.
C．Uncaring.	D．Positive.

8 . 你是李华，你校学生会即将组织一次徒步活动，已在校园网发布方案，征求师生的修改意见。你需要写一 封邮件，包含以下两点:
1. 提出你觉得需要改进的地方；
2. 需要改进的原因。
徒步活动主题:发现重庆
时间:5月1日下午2点
路线:从人民大礼堂(the Great Hall of the People)到解放碑、(Liberation Monument),全程徒步。
注意:
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir/Madam,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

9 . 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

China started a national online learning platform     1     (keep) studies going for its hundreds of millions of primary and secondary students     2     have been restricted to their homes due to the outbreak of Covid-19.

Jointly     3     (launch) by the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology on Feb. 17, the free learning platform covers the 31 provincial-level     4     (region) on the Chinese Mainland.

The platform has been upgraded to     5     (far) enrich its resources and promote the all-round development of students, featuring 10 sections, including epidemic(流行病) prevention education, moral education, mental health education, classic literature and digital teaching materials.

    6     the support of China's telecom and technology giants, such as China Telecom, China Mobile, Alibaba, Baidu and Huawei, the platform can host 50 million students at the same time.

More than 870 million visits     7     (pay) to the platform's website by March 19, the China Education Daily said in a Monday report.

China has put off the start of the new school semester as part of     8     (it) epidemic control efforts and students have turned to online courses for nearly two months.

As the epidemic has     9     (basic) been controlled in China, some regions have restarted school classes     10     announced dates for starting the new semester, most of which placed graduating middle and high school students first.

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Normally a student must attend a number of courses in order to graduate. In many American universities，the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses，each     1     (last) for one semester. When attending a university, a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester and a diploma     2     (expect) to be obtained after four years’ academic study. It is possible for a student to move between one university and     3     during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.

All this     4     (true) imposes constant pressure and a strain of work, but     5     this many students still find time for great activities in student affairs.     6     (elect) to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The     7     (effect) work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students,     8     advise the academic authorities. With the enormous numbers of students，the operation of the system does     9     (involve) a certain amount of work. It is a commonly     10     (hold) belief that students holding one of these positions of authority are much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.