1 . Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on the job.

In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a new made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all. High levels of knowledge can make people too attached to traditional ways of viewing problems across fields the arts, sciences, and politics. High conscientiousness is related to lower job performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist.

How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. “People from cultures that value relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer”, says Art Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift mood(情绪) and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort.

Markman also promotes off-task time. “Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work,” he says. “Also, there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. So, when people do things to increase their life satisfaction, they also make themselves more effective at work.”

1. What does Ellen Langer’s study show?

A．It is worthwhile to be a perfectionist	B．Translation makes people knowledgeable.
C．Simpler jobs require greater caution.	D．Moderate effort produces the best result.

2. The underlined word “go-getter” in paragraph 3 refers to someone Who_______.

A．is good at handling pressure	B．works hard to become successful
C．a has a natural talent for his job.	D．gets on well with his co-workers

3. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．A good thinker is able to inspire other people.

B．Experience unrelated to your job is useless.

C．A cheerful mood helps make a creative mind.

D．Focusing on what you do raises productivity.

4. What does the text seem to advocate?

A．Middle-of-the-road work habits.	B．Balance between work and family.
C．Long-standing cultural traditions.	D．Harmony in the work environment.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Louis Pasteur was a French scientist who developed cures for many dangerous     1    (illness). He also successfully invented a way to kill bacteria in milk and make it safe to drink.

Pasteur was born   in 1822, in Dole, France. He was a courageous student who     2    (frequent) asked questions, searched for answers and challenged incorrect ideas. He     3    (receive) a Doctor of Science degree in 1847. While     4    (work) at the University of Lille, Pasteur discovered fermentation, a chemical change used to make bread, cheese and other foods, involved germs. He showed that heat killed the germs that cause fermentation. This     5    (discover) led to his invention of a process for destroying harmful germs in food, which became     6    (know) as pasteurization (巴氏灭菌法).

In the 1870s, Louis Pasteur sought to find a cure for anthrax—a disease    7    mainly affects cattle. Firstly, he found anthrax was much more likely if farmers buried dead sheep with the disease in fields. Pasteur advised farmers not     8    (bury) any dead animals in areas where cattle may eat growing grass in the future. In 1881 he conducted an experiment to try out his vaccine (疫苗)for   anthrax, which was     9    success.

Pasteur died in 1895, in Saint-Cloud, France. On his last day he remarked: "I should like to be younger, so as to devote myself    10    the study of new diseases."