| A．An office party. | B．A shopping mall. | C．An opera house. |
2 . Is a picture worth a thousand words? We think so! Take a digital photograph that answers this question: Why is Earth Day important to our planet?
The winning photographer will receive a digital camera, and the photo will be published in TIME for Kids magazine.
Get details below.
·The competition is open to students from 8 to 13 years of age.
·Judges will look for creativity, photo composition and relation to the Earth Day theme.
·Students must include their first name only; their e-mail address; a parent’s, or a teacher’s e-mail address (very important); the location in the photo, and the date when it was taken (must be between June 1, 2021, and March 20, 2022).
Competition begins: January 9, 2022. Competition closes: March 20, 2022.
·To enter, students should visit timneforkids.com/20/7earthdaycontest and follow instructions to provide an original digital photo.
The winner will receive a digital camera.
·All entries must follow the official rules for consideration.
1. Who can take part in the Earth Day Photo Competition?| A．Professional photographers. |
| B．Students aged 8-13. |
| C．Students and their teachers. |
| D．Students and their parents. |
| A．they must include their full name |
| B．their photo will be posted on the Internet |
| C．they must provide some basic information about the photo |
| D．both their parent’s and teacher’s email address are necessary |
| A．A printed photo. |
| B．A photo of a wedding. |
| C．A photo taken on May 20, 2022. |
| D．A photo of river pollution. |
3 . Today what I want to do is to share the story of my own.
I used to be the shyest person in the world. I hid behind my elder sister whenever I had to speak to a stranger. When I was asked to speak in class, I could hardly breathe, much less speak.
Then, in seventh grade, my sister suggested I take voice lessons. After thinking carefully, I did and tried to keep it a secret. I began a series of exercises, making it so strange that I couldn't help laughing. I learned how to howl(长嚎) like a cowboy and snort like an old lady.
By playing around with sound in the class, I gained confidence in the part of me that had been a point of embarrassment before my voice.
A few months later, I was asked to sing for some old people. I thought I would do better than before because of the voice lessons. I opened my mouth and —nothing. I couldn't remember the lyrics! My face turned red. Then the thought came into my mind: I've embarrassed myself enough in front of this crowd. There's really nothing else to lose. So, for my second song. I just relaxed and felt the energy of the song lift me. And I did much better. After that, I started singing to myself as loudly as I could in my room. That's something I had never done before. I am not a shy person anymore. What I really want to say is singing has made me more outgoing.
1. The writer sang ________ songs for the old people in total.| A．one | B．two | C．three | D．four |
| A．confident | B．humorous | C．sad | D．scared |
| A．a poem | B．a book review | C．a speech | D．a diary |
| A．Singing. | B．Change. | C．Embarrassment. | D．Shyness. |
4 . Whether rich or poor, parents who have books in the home increase the level of education their children will attain, according to a 20-year study led by Mariah Evans.
For years, educators have thought the strongest predictor（预测指标）of attaining high levels of education was having parents who were highly educated. But, the study showed that the difference between being raised in a bookless home compared to being raised in a home with a 500-book library has as great an effect on the level of education a child will attain as the difference between having parents who are barely literate（有文化的）and having parents who have a university education.
Being a sociologist, Evans was particularly interested to find that children of lesser-educated parents benefit the most from having books in the home. What kinds of investments should we make to help these kids get ahead? The results of this study indicate that getting some books into their homes is an inexpensive way that we can help these children succeed. Evans said, “Even a little bit goes a long way. Having as few as 20 books in the home still has a significant impact on motivating a child to a higher level of education, and the more books you add, the greater benefit the children get.”
The researchers were struck by the strong effect having books in the home had on children’s educational attainment even above and beyond such factors as education level of the parents, the father’s occupation or the economic level of the country.
Having books in the home is twice as important as the father’s education level, and more important than whether a child was brought up in a developing country or a developed country. Surprisingly, the difference in educational attainment for children born in developed country and children born in developing country was just 2 years, less than two-thirds of the effect that having 500 or more books in the home had on children.
1. In the past educators held a point of view that ______.| A．parents’ level of education had nothing to do with their children’s levels of education |
| B．children whose family had a library would possibly attain high levels of education |
| C．children who were born in poor families studied harder than those in rich families |
| D．children whose parents are highly educated would attain high levels of education |
| A．Helping somebody to finish something. |
| B．Making somebody want to do something. |
| C．Making somebody pretend to do something. |
| D．Preventing somebody from achieving something. |
| A．The economic level of the country. | B．The father’s occupation. |
| C．Having books in the home. | D．Education levels of parents. |
| A．Reading books is good for the development of children. |
| B．Books in home have a great effect on children’s education levels. |
| C．Getting books into homes is good investment （投资）parents can make. |
| D．Children who get a higher level of education must have many books in their homes. |
5 . People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often (conveniently) referred to as “nature/nurture”.
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our Instincts.
Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. Behaviorists see humans as being whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. Their view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence test. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that white enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
1. The author is mainly concerned about solving the problem ________.| A．why one’s behaviors differ from others’ |
| B．what makes different stages of intelligence |
| C．how social scientists form different theories |
| D．what causes the “nature/nurture” controversy |
| A．approaches | B．advocates | C．principles | D．characters |
| A．They believe human beings are mechanical. |
| B．They compare our behaviors to the machines. |
| C．They suggest that we react to the environment as the machines do. |
| D．They uphold that the mechanistic theory can be applied on us as well. |
| A．are the result of the educational disadvantages |
| B．have nothing to do with their true intelligence |
| C．are an indication of the blacks’ poor intelligence |
| D．have nothing to do with factors other than instincts |
6 . KQED is a Public Broadcasting Service station in California, US. The station is owned by Northern California Public Broadcasting. Some of its radio programs are as follows:
●The Cooler
As one of the most popular programs among young listeners, the Cooler is a podcast (博客) about pop culture stories and music, presented in a smart, fun and personal way. Come and join us on our journey.
Time: MON-THU, 8 pm—9 pm.
● Here & Now
A live production, in cooperation with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young
Time: MON-THU, 11am—1 pm
● Mind Shift
The Mind Shift podcast explores the innovations (创新) in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. They cover topics like how teachers are developing surprising methods to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts is helping kids develop reading skills.
Time: THU-SUN, 7 pm—9 pm
● Living on Earth
Living on Earth is a weekly news and information program about the world's changing environment, ecology, and human health. If there's something new about climate change, environmental politics or environmental quality and human health, you can count on Host Steve Curwood and the LOE public radio news team to keep you up to date.
Time: WED, 9 am—10 am
1. At what time can the audience enjoy pop culture stories?| A．Tuesday, 8 pm—9pm. | B．Wednesday, 9 am—10 am. |
| C．Friday, 8 pm—9pm. | D．Sunday, 7pm—9pm. |
| A．The Cooler. | B．Here & Now. |
| C．Mind Shift. | D．Living on Earth. |
| A．Education policies. | B．Economic problems. |
| C．Human population. | D．Global warming. |
