| A．An office party. | B．A shopping mall. | C．An opera house. |
2 . Is a picture worth a thousand words? We think so! Take a digital photograph that answers this question: Why is Earth Day important to our planet?
The winning photographer will receive a digital camera, and the photo will be published in TIME for Kids magazine.
Get details below.
·The competition is open to students from 8 to 13 years of age.
·Judges will look for creativity, photo composition and relation to the Earth Day theme.
·Students must include their first name only; their e-mail address; a parent’s, or a teacher’s e-mail address (very important); the location in the photo, and the date when it was taken (must be between June 1, 2021, and March 20, 2022).
Competition begins: January 9, 2022. Competition closes: March 20, 2022.
·To enter, students should visit timneforkids.com/20/7earthdaycontest and follow instructions to provide an original digital photo.
The winner will receive a digital camera.
·All entries must follow the official rules for consideration.
1. Who can take part in the Earth Day Photo Competition?| A．Professional photographers. |
| B．Students aged 8-13. |
| C．Students and their teachers. |
| D．Students and their parents. |
| A．they must include their full name |
| B．their photo will be posted on the Internet |
| C．they must provide some basic information about the photo |
| D．both their parent’s and teacher’s email address are necessary |
| A．A printed photo. |
| B．A photo of a wedding. |
| C．A photo taken on May 20, 2022. |
| D．A photo of river pollution. |
3 . People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often (conveniently) referred to as “nature/nurture”.
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our Instincts.
Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. Behaviorists see humans as being whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. Their view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence test. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that white enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
1. The author is mainly concerned about solving the problem ________.| A．why one’s behaviors differ from others’ |
| B．what makes different stages of intelligence |
| C．how social scientists form different theories |
| D．what causes the “nature/nurture” controversy |
| A．approaches | B．advocates | C．principles | D．characters |
| A．They believe human beings are mechanical. |
| B．They compare our behaviors to the machines. |
| C．They suggest that we react to the environment as the machines do. |
| D．They uphold that the mechanistic theory can be applied on us as well. |
| A．are the result of the educational disadvantages |
| B．have nothing to do with their true intelligence |
| C．are an indication of the blacks’ poor intelligence |
| D．have nothing to do with factors other than instincts |
