Many parents don’t know how much exercise their children need to do every day to stay
The Youth Sport Trust leader, Ali Oliver said, “We have seen a drop in young people’s physical activity in recent
Meanwhile, figures from Sport England show only 17.5% of children are doing sports continuously. There is also a
This week thousands of people will get together
2 . It’s 3 o’clock and you’ve been hard at work. As you sit at your desk, a strong desire for chocolate overcomes you. You try to busy yourself to make it go away. But it doesn’t. Here is another situation. Perhaps you are not feeling well. The only thing you want to eat is a big bowl of chicken soup, like your mom used to make when you were sick as a child. Food cravings area strong desire for a specific type of food. And they are normal.
Scientists at the website How Stuff Works compare hunger and cravings this way. Hunger is a fairly simple connection between the stomach and the brain. They even call it simply “stomach hunger.” When our stomachs bur x up all of the food we have eaten, a hormone (荷尔蒙) sends a message to one part of the brain for more food, which regulates our most basic body functions such as thirst, hunger and sleep. The brain then produces a chemical to start the appetite and you eat. Hunger is a function of survival.
A craving is more complex. It activates (使活跃) brain areas related to emotion, memory and reward. These are the same areas of the brain activated during drug-craving studies. So, some scientists call food cravings “mind hunger.” People often crave foods that are high in fat and sugar. Foods that are high in fat or high in sugar produce chemicals in the brain. These chemicals give us feelings of pleasure.
In a 2017 study, researchers at Cambridge University found that “dieting or restricted eating generally increases the possibility of food craving”. So, the more you deny yourself a food that you want, the more you may crave it. However, fasting is a bit different. They found that eating no food at all for a short period of time lessened food cravings.
So, the next time you crave something very specific, know that your brain maybe more to blame than your stomach.
1. What is the function of the first paragraph?A.To remind readers of their own special food. |
B.To deepen the understanding of hunger. |
C.To report the discovery of craving study. |
D.To lead to the topic of the whole passage. |
A.It shows food is linked to feelings. |
B.It ensures a person survives hunger. |
C.It means the stomach functions well. |
D.It proves the brain decides your appetite. |
A.The decrease of chemicals. | B.The increase of food desire. |
C.The refusal of fat and sugar. | D.The disappearance of appetite. |
A.The functions of brain areas. | B.What hunger is all about. |
C.The findings of food craving. | D.What dieting may bring us. |
3 . People are often addicted to high-tech products. On the way, almost everybody is
On the subway, I took out my
After a while, a man sitting beside the door started to
"You never know, maybe the other day you or me will be in the difficult
The couple, just before they left, made a(n)
I was
A.catching | B.fixing | C.testing | D.opening |
A.prohibited | B.typical | C.specific | D.unexpected |
A.came across | B.kept up with | C.searched for | D.put up |
A.key | B.ticket | C.phone | D.wallet |
A.somebody | B.everybody | C.anybody | D.nobody |
A.wondered | B.presented | C.knew | D.asked |
A.strangely | B.poorly | C.informally | D.attractively |
A.bathed | B.eaten | C.talked | D.recovered |
A.examine | B.remove | C.seek | D.greet |
A.description | B.account | C.response | D.chat |
A.challenge | B.situation | C.disability | D.society |
A.put into | B.gave up | C.reached into | D.let off |
A.inspired | B.required | C.ordered | D.selected |
A.effort | B.contact | C.reply | D.announcement |
A.hurt | B.married | C.famous | D.familiar |
A.Congratulations | B.Good luck | C.Have fun | D.Respect |
A.sharing | B.gathering | C.travelling | D.giving |
A.disappointed | B.satisfied | C.touched | D.amazed |
A.moved out | B.got off | C.signed up | D.gave up |
A.cold | B.dark | C.late | D.usual |
4 . Are you the type to run before breakfast in the morning? Working out on an empty stomach won't hurt you—and it may actually help depending on your goal.
Exercising before eating comes with the risk of being light-headed due to low blood sugar. You might feel tired or uneasy, and won't be able to work out as energetically as you would have. A light amount of food is important for older adults over 55—especially in the morning. But if your primary exercise goal is weight loss, exercising on an empty stomach may come with some promising benefits. There's some research to support the idea that working out in a fasted (禁食) state can burn more fat than exercising in a fed state.
Working out on an empty stomach, however, may not prove true for everyone. "Some people, young and in amazing physical shape, suggest fasted exercise," says Douglas Paddon-Jones, a muscle physiology (生理学) researcher of aging and health. "They have no health matters, and what they're eating is super-high quality and carefully regulated." On the other hand, working out in a fasted state without proper planning or professional management may run the risk of unhealthy body changes.
For people who aren't athletes, having food before a workout may be the best way to get the most fat-burning benefit. "You don't want to fill up; you just want to give your body a burst of energy to power your training period. After you exercise, drink some water—but wait 60 to 90 minutes before eating." Says Shivani Sahni, director of the nutrition (营养) program at Harvard University's Institute for Aging Research. "You're trying to take advantage of your promoted metabolic rate (代谢速率) after exercise, so if you can go an hour or an hour and a half without eating, you'll maximize (最大化) the fat-burning response," says she.
1. Who should have a little food before morning exercise?A.Seniors over fifty-five. | B.Professional athletes. |
C.Adults over twenty-five. | D.Regular runners. |
A.To appear younger. | B.To become athletic. |
C.To achieve excitement. | D.To burn fat at most. |
A.Improve diet quality. | B.Drink water after exercise. |
C.Exercise without eating. | D.Do exercise regularly. |
A.strict | B.careful | C.confident | D.calm |
5 . The fifteenth day of the first month in the lunar calendar (日历), also known as the Lantern Festival, is the last day for the Spring Festival celebration. It's time to enjoy the important festival food: rice glue balls. It is called tangyuan in the south, and yuanxiao in the north of China. It's one of the favorite dishes at Chinese festivals, as the round shape represents reunion.
Li Mingcheng, more than 60 years old, has been making rice glue balls for over 40 years. His snack bar brand was founded over 100 years ago. He is the sixth generation leader of the family. Every kid looked forward to the Spring Festival, because long ago, rice glue balls were luxury (奢侈的) food. People only made them during the Spring Festival. Besides the rare (罕见的) dishes like meat, the rice glue balls were an important part of Li's childhood memories.
"The wrapper (包装材料) is made of rice from northeast China. It is the best," says Li. After being put into water for 24 hours, the rice is wet-milled (湿磨) to make dough (面团) and it is decorated with sweet juice. For the filling, black sesame (芝麻) is a classic choice. It's a mixture of sesame, sugar and lard. Some people prefer it with walnuts, peanuts and brown sugar.
After eating rice glue balls, families make full use of the remaining holiday to see lantern shows. In the colorful lights, people wish for a whole year as happy as today. Those sweet times would be connected with rice glue balls and happiness at the festival.
1. What do rice glue balls stand for?A.Leisure. | B.Strength. | C.Richness. | D.Reunion. |
A.For the special dishes. | B.For interesting games. |
C.For long holidays. | D.For sweet memories. |
A.The custom of the Lantern Festival. |
B.The tradition of snacks. |
C.The make of rice glue balls. |
D.The benefits of rice glue balls. |
A.Before the Spring Festival. | B.Before seeing Lantern shows. |
C.After making best wishes. | D.Before hanging up the lights. |
6 . New research has shown how the Leaning (倾斜) Tower of Pis has managed to keep standing in the face of several strong earthquakes. It has leaned at an angle of about five degrees.
The vulnerability (脆弱性)of the UNESCO World Heritage Site has confused engineers and scientists for a thousand years. Earthquake activities were expected to significantly damage the tower or even result in its falling over. However, unbelievably, this has not happened.
A research group of 16 engineers at the University of Bristol have now discovered that the height and hardness of the tower, combined with the softness of the base soil, ensure that it doesn’t resonate (共振)with earthquake ground motion, which is known as Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction (DSSI) and the lower now holds the title of world record holder in DSSI effects.
What is interesting is that the very same soil, which caused the leaning instability(不稳定性) and made the tower almost fall, can be credited for helping it survive these earthquake events.
The tower continues to attract visitors keen to express their big surprise at amazing buildings. Construction of the tower began in the twelfth century and continued for over 199 years clue to the onset of a series of wars.
Multiple efforts to preserve the historic site have occurred over the years. In the 1920s, the bases were put in cement grout (水泥架)with the intention of making the tower firm. In 1990, a decision was made to completely close the site to visitors due to the fear that it was at risk of falling over.
It was the first time the tower had been closed in 800 years. It reopened again in 2001 and remains one of Italy’s most popular tourist attractions.
1. What did engineers and scientists find about the tower?A.What caused the leaning of the tower. |
B.Why the tower had survived for long. |
C.The earthquakes did damage to the tower. |
D.The condition of the tower was puzzling. |
A.The Leaning Tower of Pisa has survived several earthquakes. |
B.Some interesting and true facts of the Leaning Tower of Pisa. |
C.The building and recent restoring of the Leaning Tower of Pisa. |
D.The relationship between earthquakes and the Leaning Tower of Pisa. |
A.For about 10 years. | B.For about 199 years. |
C.For about 790 years. | D.For about 800 years. |
A.It strengthens the force of the earthquake. |
B.It contributes to the standing of the tower. |
C.It prevents the tower above from leaning. |
D.It keeps the same pace with earthquakes. |
7 . It’s never too late to get a college diploma(毕业证书). Pat Ormond , more than seventy years old, is living proof of this. She received a bachelor’s(学士)degree in anthropology 42 years after taking her first college class.
But the Ormond family had another graduate from the University of Tennessee T Chattanooga(UTC) that same day: Ormond’s granddaughter, Melody Ormond. “I always knew that I’m going to graduate from college,”said Melody. “I just never knew that my grandma was also going to be there.”
Pat took her first college class at Kennesaw State University. After one term, she dropped out to move to Tennessee. She spent the next several decades working as an accountant and raising a family. And while she did an occasional class at UTC, her family continued to encourage her to finish her degree, especially after she retired.
Pat and Melody graduated last November. Their graduation ceremony was socially distanced, meaning that no audience were allowed. The achievement had made Pat somewhat a celebrity.
“We were so proud to have students like Melody Ormond and her grandmother, Pat Ormond , in the UTC class of 2020,” said UTC Chancellor Steven R. Angle. Together, they are examples of determination and love of lifelong learning we encourage in every UTC graduate.”
Pat hopes she can be an example for other nontraditional college students who want to get their degrees. “Learning never stops,”Pat said, who isn’t planning to stop anytime soon. She’s working on another degree一a bachelor’s degree in history.
1. How was Pat and Melody’s graduation ceremony?A.Occasional. | B.Nontraditional. |
C.Nobody attended it. | D.It was banned. |
A.Satisfied. | B.Pessimistic. | C.Optimistic. | D.Amazed. |
A.University graduates. | B.Full-time university students. |
C.Those that are like her. | D.People that want a degree. |
A.Pat and Melody | B.Pat Ormond’s Life Story |
C.Learning Never Stops | D.Universities Are Open Forever |
8 . Let’s learn about some of the most interesting abandoned settlements, from ancient ruins to modern ghost towns.
Angamuco, Mexico
The city of Angamuco in North America, built around AD 900, is thought to have had 100,000 citizens and included pyramids, road systems, vegetable gardens and ball courts. It was a major center for the Purepecha, competitors to the Aztec peoples. Both of their cultures were destroyed in the 16th century when Europeans introduced bad diseases there.
Termessos, Turkey
Alexander the Great once compared this great city — located 1,000 meters up a mountain — to an eagle's nest. And despite surrounding it in 333 BC,the failed to take it. The most famous site of this city was a Roman-style theater. The city was abandoned around 200 AD because of a big earthquake.
Gedi, Kenya
Lying on the Indian Ocean coast, among thick forests, this settlement is thought to have been founded around the 13th century. Gedi had running water and flushing toilets. Scientists have also found vases from the Ming Dynasty and Venetian glass on the site. Its abandonment several centuries later still remains a secret.
Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan
Founded around 2500 BC, this Indus Valley city had a street system and a complex drainage (排水) system. The city developed successfully, with up to 40,000 settlers living off the floodplain which was rich in good soil,and traded with Mesopotamia. However, the cause of its decline from 1900 BC still puzzles scientists today.
Priyat, Ukraine
After reactor No.4 at Chernobyl exploded in April 1986, giving off deadly radiations (放射物) into the atmosphere, several nearby settlements were moved elsewhere. Among them was Priyat, once a city built to house nuclear (核能) workers, Three decades later, this place had been repopulated by deer, wolves and other animals. You can now tour the town and get a radiation screening when you leave.
1. If you are interested in Chinese culture, you can visit________.A.Angamuco, Mexico | B.Termessos, Turkey |
C.Gedi, Kenya | D.Priyat, Ukraine |
A.The advanced toilets similar to modern ones. |
B.The benefits gained from the floodplain. |
C.The unknown causes of the abandonment. |
D.The same geographic characteristics. |
A.Certain kinds of wildlife. | B.Nuclear workers. |
C.Deadly radiations. | D.Settlers in the area. |
9 . Children under the age of 18 will be allowed up to three hours per week to play video games, according to a notice issued by China's National Press and Publication Administration. Online game companies are required to provide services to minors — from 8 to 9 p. m. on Fridays, Saturdays, Sundays and legal holidays — as a way to safeguard their physical and mental health. Children are playing more and more online games these days. Is it time to limit their online gaming time? What role do parents have? Readers share their opinions.
Rizlared
Online games are addictive, but if children are taught how to manage in a sensible and responsible manner then it is no longer a threat(威胁).To achieve this, parents need to set examples for not being glued to their phones. Teaching is and always will be the best solution to such problems.
Andrew
Good policy. By limiting time spent on online games, kids can spend time doing more useful things to develop their potential. They can go outside and run, jump and swim instead of sitting on a couch at home and playing with a smart phone.
Adam
It is often seen that parents argue with children over cellphones. Most parents can hardly set and enforce the time limit for its daily usage. Some forcibly take away their cellphones, but it will ruin trust and relationship. Even worse, it will make their kids hate them.
Pink
Excessive(过度的)gaming is purely a waste of time and energy for minors and has a negative effect on both physical and mental health. The gaming industry should not put profit- flaking interests as its priority ( 优先事项) . They should act in a socially responsible way to provide an environment for children to ensure their well-being and development.
Lauren
There would be a loophole(漏洞). Children could use their parents’ or other adults’ IDs to avoid real-name registration, thus making it impossible to put this policy in effect. Parents absolutely need to strengthen guidance and supervision to keep their children from gaming addiction.
1. What should kids do according to Andrew?A.Play online games. | B.Play with a smart phone. |
C.Study all the time. | D.Go in for outside activities. |
A.Pay attention to its profit. | B.Focus on kids’ health. |
C.Be responsible for kids’ surroundings. | D.Persuade kids lo play more games. |
A.They keep hold of their phones. | B.They set examples for their kids. |
C.They limit their kids’ time. | D.They blame kids for addiction. |
10 . The year our youngest daughter, Shelly, was four, she received an unusual Christmas present from “Santa.’’ The gift Shelly
Later that night I read the instruction while Shelly played with some of her other new
The next morning, I was
I
“Shelly,” I said,my
Her smile
I broke
A.accepted | B.received | C.offered | D.preferred |
A.surprised | B.worried | C.bored | D.excited |
A.books | B.toys | C.friends | D.pets |
A.making | B.playing | C.showing | D.enjoying |
A.create | B.buy | C.borrow | D.share |
A.awakened | B.broken | C.pleased | D.worried |
A.peaceful | B.sleepy | C.social | D.careless |
A.made | B.missed | C.pushed | D.fought |
A.fire | B.breakfast | C.bread | D.coffee |
A.mouth | B.hand | C.arm | D.hair |
A.sunny | B.dark | C.shiny | D.big |
A.sighed | B.added | C.stood | D.cried |
A.roof | B.kitchen | C.wall | D.corner |
A.sound | B.voice | C.action | D.look |
A.otherwise | B.even | C.just | D.still |
A.put out | B.fell away | C.came up | D.switched off |
A.Finally | B.Luckily | C.Immediately | D.Gradually |
A.relaxed | B.broke | C.calmed | D.failed |
A.troubles | B.promises | C.records | D.stresses |
A.full | B.filled | C.crowded | D.pleased |