1 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Life Doesn’t Just Happen to Us

Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough. Success depends mainly on our view of ourselves and of the events in our lives.

When twelve-year-old John Wilson walked into his chemistry class on a rainy day in 1931, he had no way of knowing that his life was to change completely. The class experiment that day was to show     1    heating a container of water would bring air bubbling to the surface. Somehow, the container the teacher gave Wilson     2    (heat) mistakenly held something more volatile(易挥发的) than water. When Wilson heated it, the container exploded,     3    (leave) Wilson blinded in both eyes.

When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later, his parents attempted to find a way to deal with the disaster that     4    (happen) to their lives. But Wilson did not regard the accident     5    a disaster. He learned braille(盲文) quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There, he not only did well as a student but also became an     6    (accomplish) public speaker.

Later, he worked in Africa,    7    many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment. For him, it was one thing to accept his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue when it     8    be fixed so easily. Wilson did his best to prevent the preventable     9     tens of millions in Africa and Asia could recover their sight.

Wilson received several international awards for his great contributions. He lost his sight but found a vision. He proved that it’s not what happens to us     10    determines our lives- it’s what we make of what happens.

3 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 

Wearable technology can reportedly tell you a lot more than just the number of calories you’re burning or how many steps you’ve walked… That clever smartwatch can actually tell that you’re about to get a cold, days before you start feeling poorly. As New Scientist reports, researchers at Stanford University in California have discovered that wearable tech can now detect when you’re about to fall prey to (感染) a frightening winter bug, simply by tracking your vital statistics.

After monitoring 40 smartwatch users for up to two years, the team has demonstrated that the devices can be used to detect the first signs of coming illness. The participants’ pulse and skin temperature were continuously monitored throughout the period, with the scientists noting that their smartwatches recorded unusually higher heart rates and skin temperatures up to three days before the volunteers began displaying symptoms of cold or flu.

Study leader Michael Snynder said: “Once these wearables collect enough data to know what your normal baseline readings are, they can get very good at sensing when something goes wrong. We think that if your heart rate and skin temperature are elevated for about two hours, there’s a strong chance you’re getting sick.” “Continuous tracking of your vital signs is more informative than having a doctor measure them once a year and comparing them with population averages,” he added.

The team now hopes to create an algorithm (算法) that will let smartwatches notify you when you’re about to get sick. Well, at least that might give us the chance to stock up on vitamins and wrap up warm before the germ attacks!

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. classify B. contains C. detailed D. maintains E. multiply F. necessarily G. passive H. relatively I. subject J. total   K. unusual

Can a precise word total ever be known? No, says Professor David Crystal, known chiefly for his research in English language studies and author of around 100 books on the     1    . “It’s like asking how many stars there are in the sky. It’s impossible to answer,” he said.

An easier question to answer, he     2    , is the size of the average person’s vocabulary. He suggests taking a sample of about 20 or 30 pages from a medium-sized dictionary, which     3     about 100,000 entries or 1,000 or 1,500 pages.

Tick off the ones you know and count them. Then     4     that by the number of pages and you will discover how many words you know. Most people vastly underestimate their     5    .

“Most people know half the words-about 50,000-easily. A reasonably educated person about 75,000 and a really cool, smart person well, maybe all of them but that is rather     6    . An ordinary person, one who has not been to university say, would know about 35,000 quite easily.”

The formula can be used to calculate the number of words a person uses, but a person’s active language will always be less than their     7    , the difference being about a third.

Prof Crystal says exposure to reading will obviously expand a person’s vocabulary but the level of a person’s education does not     8     decide things. “A person with a poor education perhaps may not be able to read or read much, but they will know words and may have a very     9     vocabulary about pop songs or motorbikes. I’ve met children that you could     10     as having a poor education and they knew hundreds of words about skateboards that you won’t find in a dictionary.”

5 . People think children should play sports. Sports are fun, and children keep healthy while playing with others. However，playing sports can have_________effects on children. It may produce feelings of poor self-respect or aggressive behavior in some children. According to research on kids and sports，40,000,000 kids play sports in the US. Of these,18,000,000 say they have been_________at or called names while playing sports. This leaves many children with a bad_________of sports. They think sports are just too aggressive.

Many researchers believe adults, especially parents and coaches, are the main_________of too much aggression in children’s sports. They believe children_________aggressive adult behavior. This behavior is then further strengthened through both positive and negative feedback (反馈). Parents and coaches are powerful teachers because children usually look up to them. Often these adults behave aggressively themselves, sending children the message that_________is everything. Many parents go to children’s sporting events and shout_________at other players or cheer when their child behaves_________. As well, children are even taught that hurting other players is _________or are pushed to continue playing even when they are injured.____________, the media makes violence seem exciting. Children watch adult sports games and see violent behavior replayed over and over on television.

We really need to____________this problem and do something about it. Parents and coaches____________should act as better examples for children. They also need to teach children better____________. They should not just cheer when children win or act aggressively. They should teach children to____________themselves whether they win or not. Besides, children should not be allowed to continue to play when they are injured. If adults allow children to play when injured, this gives the message that____________is not as important as winning.

1.

A．restrictive(限制的)

B．negative

C．active

D．instructive

2.

A．knocked

B．glanced

C．smiled

D．shouted

3.

A．impression

B．concept

C．taste

D．expectation

4.

A．resource

B．cause

C．course

D．consequence

5.

A．question

B．understand

C．copy

D．neglect

6.

A．winning

B．practising

C．fun

D．sport

7.

A．praises

B．orders

C．remarks (言论、评论)

D．insults(侮辱)

8.

A．proudly

B．ambitiously

C．aggressively

D．bravely

9.

A．acceptable

B．impolite

C．possible

D．accessible

10.

A．By contrast

B．In addition

C．As a result

D．After all

11.

A．look up to

B．face up to

C．make up for

D．come up with

12.

A．in particular

B．in all

C．in return

D．in advance

13.

A．techniques

B．means

C．values

D．directions

14.

A．respect

B．relax

C．forgive

D．enjoy

15.

A．body

B．fame

C．health

D．spirit

6 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. well-being                 B. individual               C. considerately               D. topping            E. consumption F. features                 G. deliver               H. expanded               I. assessed               J. significantly K. promoted

We all ream of living a long, happy life, but where are the happiest places in the world?

A new map of 151 countries has revealed exactly which parts of the globe    1    long and happy lives for their citizens. The results may surprise you, with Costa Rica, Colombia and Vietnam    2     the league. The UK    3    at position 44 higher than Germany（47）Spain（62）, Canada（65）, Australia（76）and the US（105）.

The map was made by the relocation website Movehub, using data from the latest Happy Planet Index（HPI）-a global measure of sustainable    4    .

The HPI measures life expectancy, the level of well-being experienced and ecological footprint. Each of the three aspects is given a traffic-light score based on thresholds for good（green）, middling （amber）and bad（red）performance. These scores are combined to an    5    six-color traffic light for the overall HPI score, where, to achieve bright green - the best of the six colors, a country would have to perform well on all three    6    components.

Experienced well-being: This was    7    using a question called the 'Ladder of Life’. This asks respondents to imagine a ladder, where 0 represents the worst possible life and 10 the best possible life, and report the step of the ladder they feel they currently stand on.

Life expectancy: Alongside experienced well-being, the Happy Planet Index includes a universally important measure of health -life expectancy. We used life expectancy data from the 2011 UNDP Human Development Report.

Ecological Footprint: The HPI uses the Ecological Footprint    8    by the environmental charity WWF as a measure of resource consumption. It is a per capita（人均）measure of the amount of land required to sustain a country's    9    pattern.

Two of the three main factors are directly about happiness. The third（Ecological footprint）is regarded as sustainable happiness. i.e. whether a country could sustain its citizens without any outside help. The idea is that if there was an incident which cut a country completely off from the outside world, or a country had to be completely self-sufficient, most of the developed world would be unable to do that.

The reason for some high-income nations to score    10    below other nations is the ecological footprint left on the planet. Mexicans and Canadians both appear to be happier than their US neighbor-most likely due to the country's ecological footprint.

7 . Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Car washes have been automated for decades, but companies developing fully autonomous vehicles must rely on a human touch to keep their cars and trucks in working condition.

    1    For example, soap residue or water spots could effectively "blind" an autonomous car. A traditional car wash's heavy brushes could jar the vehicle's sensors, disrupting their calibration and accuracy. Even worse, sensors, which can cost over $100.000. could be broken.    2    Dirt, dead bugs, bird droppings or water spots can impact the vehicle's ability to drive safely.

Avis, which has years of experience managing large fleets of rental cars, has been tasked with cleaning and refueling the self-driving van fleet of Waymo, the self-driving arm of Google's parent company. Avis modified three of its branches in the Phoenix area to tend to the Chrysler Pacifica vans. “There are special processes that definitely require a lot more care and focus, and you have to clean [the vans] quite often.”

    3    But other self-driving car companies such as Toyota, Aptiv, Drive. AI and Uber described to CNN that they use microfiber cloths along with rubbing alcohol, water or glass cleaner for manual cleanings.

    4    This should alleviate some need for manual cleaning. But because autonomous vehicles can have dozens of sensors, Seeva CEO Diane Lansinger doesn't imagine products like this will be able to clean every camera, radar or LIDAR, a laser sensor that most experts see as essential for self-driving vehicles.

A．The sensors on a fully self-driving car require special care.

B．Orduña wouldn't reveal exactly how they' re washing the vehicles.

C．The most advanced cars on the planet require an old-fashioned handwashing.

D．Meanwhile, some companies, such as Cruise, are building sensor cleaning equipment into their vehicles.

E．There are a range of problems with putting a self-driving vehicle through a traditional car wash, experts say.

F．A self-driving vehicle's exterior needs to be cleaned even more frequently than a typical car because the sensors must remain free of obstructions.

8 . At the age of twelve years, the human body is at its most vigorous. It has yet to reach its full size and strength, and its owner his or her full intelligence; but at this age the likelihood of death is least. Earlier, we were infants and young children, and consequently more vulnerable (易受伤害的), later, we shall undergo a progressive loss of our vigor and resistance which, though unnoticeable at first, will finally become so steep that we can live no longer, however well we look after ourselves, and however well society, and our doctors, look after us.

This decline in vigor with the passing of time is called ageing. It is one of the most unpleasant discoveries which we all make that we must decline in this way, that if we escape wars, accidents and disease we shall eventually “die of old age”, and that this happens at a rate which differs little from person to person, so that there are heavy odds in favor of our dying between the ages of sixty-five and eighty. Some of us will die sooner, a few will live longer—on into a ninth or tenth decade. But the chances are against it, and there is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive, however lucky and robust we are.

Normal people tend to forget this process unless and until they are reminded of it. We are so familiar with the fact that ma ages, that people have for years assumed that the process of losing vigor with time, of becoming more likely to die the older we get, was something self-evident, like the cooling of a hot kettle or the wearing-out of a pair of shoes. They have also assumed that all animals, and probably other organisms such as trees, or even the universe itself, must in the nature of things “wear out”.

Most animals we commonly observe do in fact age as we do, if given the chance to live long enough; and mechanical systems like a wound watch, or the sun, do in fact run out of energy in accordance with the second law of thermodynamics (whether the whole universe does so is a moot point at present). But these are not analogous (类似的)to what happens when man ages. A run-down watch is still a watch and can be rewound. An old watch, by contrast, becomes so worn and unreliable that it eventually is not worth mending. But a watch could never repair itself —it does not consist of living parts, only of metal, which wears away by friction. We could, at one time, repair ourselves—well enough, at least, to overcome all but the most instantly fatal illnesses and accidents. Between twelve and eighty years we gradually lose this power, an illness which at twelve would knock us over, at eighty can knock us out, and into our grave. If we could stay as vigorous as we are at twelve, it would take about 700 years for half of us to die, and another 700 for the survivors to be reduced by half again.

1. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

A．Our first twelve years represent the peak of human development.

B．People usually are unhappy when reminded of ageing.

C．Normally only a few of us can live to the eighties and nineties.

D．People are usually less likely to die at twelve years old.

2. The word “it” in the last sentence of Paragraph Two refers to           .

A．remaining alive until 65	B．remaining alive after 80
C．dying before 65 or after 80	D．dying between 65 and 80

3. What is ageing?

A．It is usually a phenomenon of dying at an old age.

B．It is a fact that people cannot live any longer.

C．It is a gradual loss of vigor and resistance.

D．It is a phase when people are easily attacked by illness.

4. What do the examples of watch show?

A．Normally people are quite familiar with the ageing process.

B．All animals and other organisms undergo the ageing process.

C．The law of thermodynamics functions in the ageing process.

D．Human’s ageing process is different from that of mechanisms.

9 . Marmoset monkeys exist on a branch of the evolutionary tree that is distinct from the one that led to humans. But they constantly _______ researchers with social behavior that seems pretty highly evolved. Their social organization and _______ practices could have been the model for the phrase “It takes a village.” A dominant male and female breed, and their babies are carefully looked after by _______ family members who then aren’t free to breed themselves.

A new study further _______ the marmoset’s reputation for admirable community values. Researchers report that these caregivers share their food more generously with little ones _______ than when they’re surrounded by the watchful eyes of other community members. In complex societies where individuals band together for mutual protection, researchers have come up with a few widely accepted explanations for _______ behavior. But specific acts, like sharing a delicious cricket (蟋蟀) with a begging baby marmoset, seem to need more specific explanation.

One possibility is that an individual practices _______ as a means of enhancing his status among peers. By presenting that he is so well gifted with material goods that he can give some away, this do-gooder enhances his power within the group. That, in turn, may _______ prospective mates.

The other explanation for charitable behavior _______ that kindnesses extended to others are simply the fees of group membership, which offers some future promise of a chance to mate.__________ to share would result in exclusion from the group and a loss of potential partners.   

Scientists call this the “pay to stay” model. Importantly, for both of these models to work, acts of kindness must have a(n) __________. That suggests you would see more sharing in group settings; away from judging eyes, a caregiver might be more likely to keep food for himself or herself. And yet, in 2,581 tests conducted with 31 adult and 14 baby marmosets, the __________ appeared to be true.

Anthropologists (人类学家) from the University of Zurich carefully documented how often, in groups and in conditions that found caregiver and baby separated from the crowd, an adult would share his or her cricket. When alone with a baby __________ for a taste, adult marmosets shared their cricket 85% of the time. When in a group, caregivers offered up their cricket 67% of the time.” Our results show that helping in common marmosets is not driven by__________management or punishment avoidance, “the study authors reported. Rather, it is driven by a deep-down ____________ to help that is more strongly expressed when individuals are alone with young.”

1.

A．comfort

B．astonish

C．alarm

D．convince

2.

A．evolving

B．communicating

C．organizing

D．parenting

3.

A．extended

B．extensive

C．exclusive

D．enlarged

4.

A．shines

B．damages

C．affects

D．protests

5.

A．at play

B．in private

C．on schedule

D．by accident

6.

A．selfish

B．reluctant

C．selfless

D．negative

7.

A．generosity

B．wisdom

C．independence

D．governance

8.

A．count on

B．go after

C．appeal to

D．benefit from

9.

A．confirms

B．ensures

C．complains

D．assumes

10.

A．Effort

B．Temptation

C．Failure

D．Promise

11.

A．atmosphere

B．audience

C．feedback

D．judge

12.

A．statistics

B．expectation

C．result

D．opposite

13.

A．stretching

B．fighting

C．begging

D．striving

14.

A．prize

B．fortune

C．award

D．reputation

15.

A．motivation

B．consideration

C．invitation

D．creation

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Are You Sitting Comfortably?

The way that people sit in chairs is not just by chance. If you are sitting with your arms and legs swinging, it is probably a sign     1     you are relaxed and feeling comfortable. If you     2     (position) on the edge of the chair with your legs stretched before you and your feet crossed, it can signal lack of interest.

Here is an example: in a country where the rules of behavior in court were very strict, a witness in a trial sat as     3     (describe) above, with one of his huge boots put on top of     4     , wearing a big coat and his arms crossed in front of his body. The judge said: “ Sit up straight and take your coat off,       5     I’ll hold you in contempt of court.” The man sat up straight in no time when he realized that he risked       6    (fine).

When people go to the dentist or wait for a job interview, they might be seated on the edge of their chair with their feet together. If it’s a woman, she’ll probably be hugging her handbag. Body tension spreads and makes you feel short of breath. When you are in such a position, it is easy to lose your head and simply run away if things take a turn for the     7     (bad).

You don’t believe that people     8     learn to control their body language completely; they will lose control at some point or other.