1 . Lots of animals play. But the behavior is best known in mammals (哺乳动物) and birds. Now the scientists at London’s Queen Mary University report that bumblebees (大黄蜂) know the same thing. But before this, there were no reports of insects playing.
Dr. Lars Chittka began to wonder if bumblebees played during an earlier test. In that test, Chittka guided bumblebees to move balls into a goal for food. He noticed that some bees were rolling (滚动) balls even when they weren’t given food. He wondered if they were playing.
To test the idea, the scientists at his lab set up a new test. First, they numbered 45 young bumblebees between one and 23 days old. The numbers let them follow bumblebees’ behavior. Then, they set up a clear pathway from the bumblebees’ home to a feeding area. On either side of the open pathway, the researchers placed small colored wooden balls. On one side of the path, the balls couldn’t move. On the other side, the balls could roll around. For three hours a day, over 18 days, the scientists opened the pathway between the home and the feeding area. The bumblebees never had to leave the pathway to find food, but they left anyway. They weren’t interested in the side where the balls didn’t move, but they made lots of visits to the side with the rolling balls.
Catching the balls with their legs, the bees would move their wings to pull on the balls, causing them to roll. The 45 numbered bumblebees did this 910 times during the test. Though some only did it once, others did it a lot. The younger ones liked to spend more time rolling balls while the older ones showed less interest in it. One bee was recorded rolling balls 44 times in a single day. One was seen rolling balls 117 times over the whole test.
The test raises important questions about how the insects’ minds work and whether they have feelings.
1. What did Chittka want to do about bumblebees in the earlier test?A.Discover if they played. | B.Train them to move balls. |
C.Make them learn to relax. | D.Find out if they’d share food. |
A.They named each of them. | B.They let them interested in balls. |
C.They had all of them go hungry. | D.They marked them one by one. |
A.They held their attention for longer. | B.They understood simpler numbers. |
C.They were less active in rolling balls. | D.They helped the young pull on balls. |
A.Bumblebees Are First Insects Known to Play |
B.Two Tests Prove Bumblebees Expect to Play |
C.Bumblebees Are the World’s Smartest Insects |
D.Scientists Make Bumblebees Work for Them |
(1)日期和起源;
(2)你参加的活动;
(3)你的感想。
注意:(1)词数100左右;
(2)可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
(3)开头已给出,不计入总词数。
参考词汇:dragon-boat racing 划龙舟 zongzi 粽子 herb 香草
Dear parents,
How are you doing?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,
Eric
1. Which is the first social motivation?
A.Being kind to everyone. | B.Being good for a reward. | C.Being nice to a nice person. |
A.4. | B.7. | C.10. |
A.People would like to give up their own interests to help others. |
B.People were happy to receive points. |
C.People enjoyed playing the game. |
A.Social relationships. | B.The importance of money. | C.The development of society. |
1. What was the man doing when the woman visited him?
A.Checking his emails. | B.Playing computer games. | C.Doing some shopping online. |
A.Her son. | B.Her husband. | C.Her daughter. |
A.To work. | B.To play chess. | C.To read the news. |
1. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers?
A.Friends. | B.Husband and wife. | C.Advisor and customer. |
A.He is out of control. | B.He follows his friends. | C.He has difficulty in studying. |
A.By talking to him. | B.By instructing him. | C.By listening to him. |
A.The violin. | B.The guitar. | C.The drums. |
7 . You can either travel or read, but either your body or your soul must be on the way. The popular saying has inspired many people to read or go sightseeing. Here are four books that you can take on your trip.
1. On the Road, 1957, by Jack Kerouac
The book is a popular spiritual guidebook about youth. The main character in the book drives across the US continent with several young people and finally reaches Mexico. After the exhausting and exciting trip, the characters in the book begin to realize the meaning of life.
2. Life Is Elsewhere, 1975, by Milan Kundera
Jean-Jacques Rousseau once said, "Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains." The book describes a young artist's romantic but miserable life, about how he reads, dreams and has a relationship during his trip to Central Europe. The book invites you to deeply reflects on your current life and to honor the Czech-born writer Kundera.
3. My Name Is Red, 1998, by Orhan Pamuk
The book, a masterpiece of the Nobel Prize winner for Literature Orhan Pamuk, has been translated into more than 50 languages and published around the world. It tells a story of a young man, who was away from home for 12 years, coming back to his hometown in Istanbul. What embraces him is not only love, but a series of murder cases as well.
4. The Unlikely Pilgrimage of Harold Fry, 2013, by Rachel Joyce
The novel tells a story of a 60-year-old man who lived a boring and unhappy life, until one day, he received his old friend's letter who got cancer. In deep shock and sorrow, he went out to send his reply letter. 627 miles in 87 days, he walked depending on one belief that “his friend can survive as long as he walks”.
1. Whose book can make you rethink your own life?A.Jack Kerouac. | B.Milan Kundera. | C.Orhan Pamuk. | D.Rachel Joyce. |
A.On the Road. | B.Life Is Elsewhere. |
C.My Name Is Red. | D.The Unlikely Pilgrimage of Harold Fry. |
A.He walked to keep healthy. | B.He was in deep shock and sorrow. |
C.He expected his friend to live longer. | D.He lived a very boring and unhappy life. |
8 . After finishing his dinner, Lin Xu opened a WeChat mini-program called "Clear Plate" on his phone and took picture of the empty plates. He was then awarded 157 credit points after the image was uploaded and recognized by artificial intelligence.
“Users of the app can use their credit to buy gifts, such as books and cellphones to purchase charity meals donated to children in poor rural areas,” Lin said.
A nationwide "Clear Your Plate" campaign is gaining steam online. Efforts to stop food waste and promote thrift are also being made by restaurants that have been urged to create an environment in which consumers are reminded not to waste food. They are also encouraged to offer different portion sizes so that customers can have more choices.
The “Clear Plate” mini-program has become popular among young Chinese and currently has nearly 1 million users.
Liu Jichen, founder of the startup that developed the app, said that the idea popped up at a dinner in 2017, when Liu found that a restaurant would give diners who polished off their food a card and offer small gifts after a certain number of cards had been collected.
“Such an idea can be realized online,” Liu said. He formed a team to work on the project.
Yet it was quite challenge for the AI system to identify whether the uploaded photos showed empty plates.
To make the AI system smarter, Liu and his team, assisted by more than 1,000 others, spent half a year collecting over 100, 000 samples in canteens and restaurants across the country and used the data to train neural network. Dozens of enterprises, institutions and restaurants have contacted the startup to cooperate on the project.
Through the visualized mini-program, people can clearly see the good results of saving food, which will effectively reduce waste, he noted. "We hope our efforts can start a new trend among the younger generation, encouraging them to carry out the virtue of cherishing food and developing the habit of thrift, " Liu said
1. What is the main function of the APP "Clear Plate?A.Awarding credit points. | B.Giving charity meals. |
C.Showing the empty plates. | D.Encouraging saving food. |
A.Customers wasting food are punished. | B.People join in it on mini-program. |
C.Restaurants limit customers' choices. | D.People are encouraged to buy gifts. |
A.Getting other people to cooperate with the team. | B.Collecting samples in canteens and restaurants. |
C.Ensuring the app to recognize empty plates. | D.Finding people to fund the app. |
A.To introduce an app. | B.To promote saving food. |
C.To praise a startup founder. | D.To raise fund for poor children. |
I always sit down comfortably in the barber’s shop and listen patiently
But last week our conversation was very short indeed. We heard loud cries of “fire!”
We were
10 . We came back to the classroom after lunch while our classmates were playing outside.
"Look at
"Wow! What fun it would be to write on the
Then it struck Judy that we should
"Better get this board cleaned off now," said Judy,
I rushed to the toilet to get a can of cleanser and Judy
Hearing
A.where | B.what | C.how | D.which |
A.chalkboard | B.wall | C.ground | D.table |
A.shy | B.afraid | C.serious | D.bored |
A.putting | B.opening | C.reaching | D.getting |
A.unwillingly | B.happily | C.unfortunately | D.carefully |
A.challenge | B.persuade | C.organize | D.prepare |
A.draw | B.found | C.broke | D.chose |
A.writing | B.breaking | C.erasing | D.drawing |
A.with | B.but | C.or | D.and |
A.anger | B.fear | C.surprise | D.amazement |
A.tired | B.soft | C.sick | D.weak |
A.lesson | B.saying | C.sign | D.test |
A.appear | B.turn | C.exist | D.change |
A.highly | B.nearly | C.only | D.fully |
A.cried | B.said | C.tried | D.dried |
A.hurt | B.gone | C.lost | D.left |
A.shouts | B.warnings | C.footsteps | D.dangers |
A.bravely | B.deeply | C.quickly | D.carefully |
A.before | B.after | C.since | D.when |
A.noticed | B.selected | C.admitted | D.arose |