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阅读理解-阅读单选(约350词) | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款人工智能软件,该软件能够预测地震造成的损失,实时改变预测,它将成为救援人员的好帮手。

1 . One Concern is an AI company (人工智能公司) in California. It is using machine learning and AI to help firefighters. The company hopes its software (软件) can make exact predictions about earthquake damage. It can tell firefighters how to plan for an earthquake and how to do their jobs better when it happens.

Nicole Hu, a technology officer from One Concern, says the key is to feed the computers a lot of data (数据) about an area. The data may include information about homes and other buildings, the natural environment, and the size of an earthquake. The computers then use the information to make predictions about what would happen if there were an earthquake in the area. It then uses data from past earthquakes to see whether its predictions are any good, and changes its predictive models accordingly.

Gregory Deierlein, earthquake engineer at the Stanford University, says one of the most surprising things about the company’s software is its ability to make use of data from an earthquake as it’s happening, and to change its predictions in real time.

In the past, researchers would collect data after an event and a few years later they’d produce new models, says Deierlein. Now the new models appear in a matter of minutes.

Dan Ghiorso leads the Woodside Fire Protection District (区) near San Francisco, which covers about 32 square miles. He says in the past, when an earthquake hit, he’d have to make educated guesses (based on experience and training) about what parts of this district might be badly damaged and then drive to each place to have a look around. He hopes One Concerns’ software will change that.   “Instead of driving thirty-two square miles, in fifteen minutes on a computer I can get a good idea of the damage,” he says. ‘‘Instead of me taking my educated guess, they’re putting science behind the predictive models.”

1. What do we know about the software’s predictions?
A.They can tell people the size of an earthquake.
B.They are about when an earthquake may happen.
C.They are based on data from many different areas.
D.They can be made before and during an earthquake.
2. What is an advantage of the software according to Deierlein?
A.It can make predictions very fast.B.It is sold at very low prices.
C.It has many different uses.D.It can be used by common people.
3. What does the underlined word “that” in the last paragraph refer to?
A.How to save people during earthquakes.
B.How Ghiorso gets to know earthquake damage.
C.How to train firefighters to make guesses.
D.How Ghiorso looks at new predictive models.
4. How does Ghiorso feel about the new technology?
A.Worried.B.Uncaring.C.Hopeful.D.Doubtful.
阅读理解-阅读单选(约310词) | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章主要是讲有些词在英式英语和美式英语中用法不同。

2 . There are some differences between American English and British English. Some differences are quite interesting.

When my friend Lily from London used the word “larder”, I didn’t know what it meant. Realizing I didn’t follow her, she used another word. I finally knew she wanted to find something to keep some food. The next word came up when we were planning a lunch date. She jotted down the date and time in her diary, while I marked my calendar. If she called me on the phone, she would ring me up. But if the line was busy, she would say the line was engaged. Most times, I can know what Lily means. Last week, she regretted sending her boys to watch an early morning tennis game without their fleeces. I thought that she meant without their jackets or something like that. Other times, we have to ask each other. She recently told me a funny tale about a pissed woman. I wondered what had made the lady angry. It turns out that pissed means drunk.

Here is one more example. My British friend Jane was filling out a ticket at the grocery store recently. She asked the young man to help her if he had a rubber. When she noticed he didn’t follow her, she quickly asked for an eraser, which, in England, is often called a rubber. In order to communicate well with British people, we Americans should learn some words that the British use differently. And I think people who learn English as a second language should also realize that there are differences between American English and British English.

1. According to the passage, in British English ________.
A.the word “pissed” means angryB.the word “jacket” is often used
C.the word “engaged” means tiredD.the word “rubber” means eraser
2. What does the underlined phrase “jotted down” in Pragraph2 mean?
A.Wrote down.B.Cared about.C.Looked for.D.Settled down.
3. What is the passage mainly about?
A.The British way of using words.
B.Some new words the writer’s British friends taught her.
C.The reasons why Americans can’t followed the British at times.
D.Some words used differently in British English and American English.
4. What’s the author’s attitude towards the differences between American English and British English?
A.Indifferent.B.Negative.C.Positive.D.Mutual.
阅读理解-阅读单选(约230词) | 较易(0.85) |
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文章大意:这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了几个人的经历,展示英国英语和美国英语中一些词汇的差异,以及由此引发的趣事。

3 . I came across quite a few language problems while spending holiday with my family last summer. The most embarrassing was when my Mom apologized to the people we were staying with because her “pants were dirty”. They looked at her in surprise, not knowing how to react. You see, Mom had fallen over and gotten mud on her jeans. But in Britain, “pants” means underpants or knickers (内裤;衬裤), not trousers as it does back home.

Katie — From America

I went to stay with a friend on the west coast last summer. Her flat was on the first floor of a high-rise building so I got the lift up. Then I wandered round for ages looking for her flat but couldn’t find it. Fed up and tired, I finally had to go out to find a phone box. She explained that her flat was on the first floor, which for me meant the ground floor.

David — From Britain

When I asked for the “restroom” in a big department store, people kept directing me to a room with seats where I could sit and “rest”. It took me years to get through to (使...明白)someone that I only wanted the toilet!

Tom — From America

1. Hearing Katie’s mother’s words, Katie’s friends were in surprise because ________.
A.Katie’s mother got mud on her jeansB.Katie’s mother’s underpants were dirty
C.they mistook pants for underpantsD.they didn’t understand British English
2. David went out to find a phone box to ________.
A.phone the police for helpB.phone his friend for help
C.tell his friend he couldn’t visit herD.apologize for his being late
3. When Tom asked for the “restroom”, the people around him thought ________.
A.he wanted to have a restB.he wanted to go to the toilet
C.he wanted to go to bedD.He wanted to go to a department store
阅读理解-阅读单选(约350词) | 较易(0.85) |
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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了工具对人类社会发展的重要作用。首先锋利的石头片帮助人类度过了早期的艰苦岁月,然后电子芯片的发明给人类生活带来巨大的变化。科技的强大和发展的迅速使人们很难预测未来是什么样子的。

4 . Human beings have used tools for a very long time. In some parts of the world you can still find tools that people used more than two million years ago. They made these tools by hitting one stone against another. In this way, they broke off pieces from one of the stones. These chips of stone were usually sharp on one side. People used them for cutting meat and skin from dead animals, and also for making other tools out of wood. Human beings needed to use tools because they did not have sharp teeth like other meat-eating animals, such as lions and tigers. Tools helped people to get food more easily.

Working with tools also helped to develop human intelligence. The human brain grew bigger, and human beings began to invent more and more tools and machines. The stone chip was one of the first tools that people used, and perhaps it is the most important. Some scientists say that it was the key to success of mankind.

Since 1960, a new kind of tool has appeared. This is the silicon chip (硅芯片). It is smaller than a finger nail, but it can store lots of information. It is an electronic brain. Every year these chips get clever, but their size gets smaller, and their cost gets less. They are used in watches, calculators and intelligent machines that we can use in many ways. In the future we will not need to work with tools in the old way. Machines will do everything for us. People will have plenty of spare time. But what will they do with it?

Human beings used stone chips for more than two million years, but human life changed very little in that time. But now life is changing faster every day. What will life be like twenty years from now? What will the world be like two million years from now?

1. From paragraph 1, we can know ________.
A.why early human beings cut skin from dead animalsB.how early human beings discovered the tools
C.what early human beings used the tools forD.what food early human beings stored
2. The stone chip is thought to be the most important tool because it ________.
A.was very important to the development of mankind
B.led to the invention of machines in the early time
C.developed cooking abilities of mankind
D.was one of the first tools of mankind
3. The silicon chip is mentioned in the passage to ________.
A.stress the importance of the silicon chip
B.introduce a new kind of tool
C.give an example of using tools
D.show that the ability of humans to use and create tools is improved
4. At the end of the passage the author seems to suggest that life in the future is ________.
A.out of orderB.less colorful
C.hard to predict (=foretell)D.full of meanings
阅读理解-阅读单选(约330词) | 适中(0.65) |
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5 . A recent story on TikTok showed how two neighbors found companionship (陪伴) and a new spirit in life during COVID-19, thanks to a shared love of the piano.

The heartbreaking story started when Giorgio Lo Porto heard his neighbor playing the piano through their dividing wall. Lo Porto is an Italian living in London. He reached out to his neighbor and left a note, saying if he or she could play My Heart Will Go On. The mystery neighbor agreed, suggesting they play together. Over time the music between two complete strangers became a regular weekend engagement(约会).

A week later, the pair finally met and “it was better than expected,” shared Lo Porto. The mystery pianist happened to be a78-year-old Polish man named Emil. “He lost his wife in December due to COVID-19 and all he has been left is the piano. And he plays at 2 p.m. every weekend because his wife loved it,” shared Lo Porto.

While Emil didn’t want to appear on any of the videos, he did share his thankfulness to Lo Porto for keeping him motivated during a most emotional and lonely time.When the pair offered each other company, Emil also inspired Lo Porto to continue writing his own song. And Emil reported being happier after playing music with Lo Porto and was thankful to those who watched their performance.

The bittersweet story shows the unbelievable influence two complete strangers can have on each other. Emil moved out at the end of February. Lo Porto wrote, “Dear Emil, you changed my life. You gave me back my passion (激情),and we shared that with the world. You’ll be in my heart. I’ll keep playing, thinking of how powerful music can be. You said I was your light, but you’ve been mine too. Bye, Emil.”

1. What happened after Lo Porto left a note for Emil?
A.Emil helped with Lo Porto’s studies.
B.Emil started to share his music online.
C.They worked together to create new mu sic.
D.They performed music together through the wall.
2. Why does Emil play the piano at a special time?
A.To remember his wife.
B.To improve his piano skills.
C.To express his thanks to Lo Porto.
D.To cheer people up during COVID-19.
3. What can we infer about the two men from Paragraph 4?
A.They missed their ordinary life in the past.
B.They encouraged each other through music.
C.They wished to spend more time with their families.
D.They wanted to become famous by posting their music online.
4. What message does the author intend to show in the text?
A.We should be independent in difficult times.
B.Young people should do their part to help the old.
C.We all can be the light of somebody if reaching out.
D.People should take some time to enjoy their hobbies.
语法填空-短文语填(约160词) | 容易(0.94) |
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文章大意:这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者小学时不喜欢运动,最后正在父亲的鼓励下喜欢上了运动的事情。
6 . 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

When I was in primary school, I disliked doing exercise. I felt tired when I did any kind of exercise. My parents were really     1     (worry) about my health. One day, after having supper, my father     2    (come) and asked me to have a walk with him in the park. I agreed and we went     3     together. It was hard for me to walk for half an hour. I wanted to give up,     4     my father encouraged me to keep on walking. From then on. I was often asked to walk with my parents. To my surprise, I could walk for an hour in the     5    (five) month. How     6    (pride) I felt! I loved taking exercise gradually. Now I am     7     excellent runner in my school. I take part in the school sports meeting every year.

During all our life, we may face a lot of     8    (difficulty). Don’t be afraid of     9    (they). Please try to face them     10    (brave). After you overcome what you used to be afraid of, you may find how great you are!

阅读理解-阅读单选(约320词) | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了截肢者雅姬·亨特·布勒尔斯莫通过不懈努力,坚持进行马拉松跑步,计划打破世界纪录的故事。

7 . Jacky Hunt-Broers ma, who lost one leg to cancer, is seeking to break a world record by completing 102 marathon runs. She set her goal in mid-January. And since then, she has been running the distance of a marathon. Most of the time, she averages just over five hours to complete a run. If she keeps successfully completing marathon runs every day, she will reach her goal by April 28.

Until five years ago, she was not very active. But then she looked into running and decided to give it a try. The sport ended up being quite costly. Currently, she runs on an artificial leg made of a strong, light material known as carbon fiber. The material, which is designed specially for running, costs about $10, 000.

But Jacky says her investment has been well worth it. The biggest struggle used to be that she had to admit part of her body was gone. “Running really changed my life,” she said. “It helped me accept myself as an amputee (截肢者). It gave me a sense of freedom. I fell in love with the process of pushing my body further just to see what I could do.”

However, she has faced both physical and mental difficulties during her record-breaking attempt. On one recent day, Jacky said she felt like giving up at 24 kilometers and began to cry. “I had a total emotional breakdown. I was like, ‘I just can’t do this.’” she said.

Jacky is documenting her progress online and has also gained a large social media following. As she nears the end of her goal, Jacky is hoping to inspire a single thought in others. She tells people, “You’re stronger than you think and you’re able to do so much more.”

1. What is Jacky’s goal according to paragraph 1?
A.To defeat a deadly disease. B.To break her 5-hour record.
C.To be a professional runner. D.To finish 102 marathon runs.
2. What may Jacky think of her running?
A.Difficult but rewarding. B.Interesting but challenging.
C.Enjoyable and eye-opening. D.Stressful and time-consuming.
3. Why does Jacky record her running online?
A.To prove her ability. B.To encourage others.
C.To gain wider attention. D.To increase her confidence.
4. Which of the following best describes Jacky’s experience?
A.Health is the key to happiness.
B.Actions speak louder than words.
C.Chance favours the prepared mind.
D.Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
阅读理解-七选五(约270词) | 适中(0.65) |
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8 . Astronauts drink their own pee (尿)—after it's been cleaned.     1     Many experts, though, argue that recycling pee and other waste is an excellent and safe solution when there isn't enough fresh water to go around.

    2     All of the water that astronauts use to drink, brush their teeth, or make coffee comes out of one limited container that has to be resupplied—from Earth. To help conserve water, the waste from sinks, toilets, and even the pee from lab animals on board flows into a recycling system. First, the water goes through a series of filters(过滤器) to get rid of large particles(微粒) and impurities. Then, chemical reactions remove poisonous chemicals and kill any bacteria or viruses.     3    

Chris Hadfield, who lived on the space station for five months, says, "Before you feel uncomfortable with the thought of drinking your leftover wash water and your leftover pee, keep in mind that the water that we end up with is purer than most of the water that you drink on a daily basis at home."

Astronauts, however, tend to be more adventurous than the average person. On Earth, cities in very dry parts of the world have attempted to introduce wastewater purification systems.     4     Citizens recoiled(退缩) in disgust. Despite scientific evidence that the water is clean, many people just can't get over the fact that it once flowed through a toilet. In the 1990s, activists in San Diego and Los Angeles campaigned against "toilet to tap" water.     5     In a survey of 2,000 Americans, 26 percent agreed with the statement: "It is impossible for recycled water to be treated to a high enough quality that I would want to use it."

A.And you wouldn't be alone.
B.And the disapproval remained strong.
C.what comes out is clean enough to drink.
D.On the International Space Station, water is a precious resource.
E.Lots of people feel sick at the thought of drinking recycled wastewater.
F.Though some of these programs have succeeded, others failed miserably.
G.Would you pick up a glass of water that's been through a wastewater cleaning system?
完形填空(约250词) | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:本文为记叙文。文章讲述了作者年迈的母亲在超市购物时,得到陌生人帮助的故事。

9 . My mother is 92. Unless I have to be out of town, each week I take my mother to do her _______ and visit the doctor, providing _______ and transportation. During the week, however, she likes to go to a nearby store to _______ some small things she needs.

Last week she walked up to the store, but when she went to pay for her groceries, she was _______ about three dollars. The only _______ to pay for the groceries was to take off the _______ she could do without: a bottle of rubbing alcohol (医用酒精) and a bar of soap. By taking off these, she was able to _______ the new total to the amount of cash she had with her.

At this store, people _______ and then go off to the side to _______ their own groceries. My mother was putting her groceries into shopping bags when a ________ came up to her and said, “Here are the things that you ________ .” handing her the rubbing alcohol and the ________ . My mother, who is never speechless, was speechless. She ________ for the woman’s name and address so that she could ________ her. The woman told her it was her ________ .

My mother was so ________ by her gesture that she decided to go back to the store and give the cashier (收银员) a five-dollar bill to keep on hand ________ the same happened to someone else if they didn’t have enough ________ for all of their groceries.

So, whoever you are, thank you for the random act of ________ that not only helped my mother out, but ________ too.

1.
A.exerciseB.houseworkC.cookingD.shopping
2.
A.rewardB.medicineC.companyD.shelter
3.
A.returnB.colletC.orderD.buy
4.
A.shortB.cautiousC.wrongD.concerned
5.
A.aimB.wayC.adviceD.reason
6.
A.weightB.thingsC.maskD.glasses
7.
A.raiseB.addC.bringD.switch
8.
A.show upB.call inC.check outD.sit down
9.
A.storeB.selectC.deliverD.bag
10.
A.strangerB.cashierC.friendD.doctor
11.
A.looked forB.talked aboutC.threw awayD.put back
12.
A.receiptB.soapC.cashD.bottle
13.
A.askedB.waitedC.caredD.searched
14.
A.repayB.trustC.recognizeD.help
15.
A.luckB.chanceC.giftD.turn
16.
A.surprisedB.amusedC.touchedD.convinced
17.
A.in caseB.even ifC.as thoughD.so that
18.
A.energyB.moneyC.spaceD.time
19.
A.faithB.courageC.kindnessD.honor
20.
A.made her dayB.changed her mindC.caught her eyeD.met her demand
2021-06-15更新 | 5742次组卷 | 34卷引用:广东省广州中学2021-2022学年高一上学期开学考试英语试题
阅读理解-阅读单选(约330词) | 较难(0.4) |
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文章大意:本文是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才?”引入,论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义,提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式,不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。

10 . Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.

Let’s state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?

In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It’s said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.

A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn’t take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.

Here’s the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”

1. What does the author think of victors’ standards for joining the genius club?
A.They’re unfair.B.They’re conservative.
C.They’re objective.D.They’re strict.
2. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?
A.They think themselves smart.
B.They look up to great thinkers.
C.They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D.They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
3. Why are more geniuses known to the public?
A.Improved global communication.
B.Less discrimination against women.
C.Acceptance of victors’ concepts.
D.Changes in people’s social positions.
4. What is the best title for the text?
A.Geniuses Think AlikeB.Genius Takes Many Forms
C.Genius and IntelligenceD.Genius and Luck
2021-06-11更新 | 10744次组卷 | 59卷引用:广东省广州市海珠区第六中学2022-2023学年高一上学期开学考试英语试题
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