1 . In American culture, I am noticing a lack of respect, especially among children. This should be treated _________ since disrespectful children will become disrespectful teenagers, and then disrespectful adults. American culture is _________ the ways of teaching respect, while other cultures have methods that Americans could learn from.

In 1995, I spent a couple of months in Kenya where I lived with a pastor’s family. This pastor was a part of the Maasai tribes that have some unique customs. One of them is the _________ that the children give the adults. When an adult approaches a Maasai child, the child will _________ and tilt their head slightly saying “Suppa”. The adult responses by saying “Ippa” touching the top of their heads. This simple act shows respect for the adult. The children _________ that they are their elder and that the adult deserves respect.

In my early 20’s, I worked at a children’s home in South Carolina where the children from 4 to 19 years old were taught to respect their elders. They _________ me as “Mr. Vince” and every adult worker there with a “Mr, Mrs, or Ms.”. However, as I counsel and talk to teachers and other professionals who work with children now, there seems to be a _________ in such as friendly behavior that children give adults. Fewer students treat teachers with respect: Children frequently talk back to their teachers, parents or seniors, interrupt conversations, and disregard their _________. Children casually speak with other adults like waiters, store clerks, postmen, cashiers, etc. in the way as if they are children’s _________.

Immanuel Kant expressed two __________ attitudes in Europe that are still dominant today. One is that only humans are persons because they have autonomy—they freely choose to act on principles by __________ laws on themselves, and not on desires. It is this mind based on __________ that gives humans special status. Second, to learn to follow principles instead of desires, a human child needs to learn __________ to the laws of adults. They must practice __________ regulation before they are able to practice autonomy. Kant said that “act in the way you want others to act in the situation, taking other people as persons, not __________ you use for your own goals”. Only in this way can you become a real person with intrinsic values.

2 . A Bold New Era at Work

Adrienne Barnard has worked in human resources since 2004, and has been all manner of concerns and requests from workers. But Barnard, now senior vice president of people operations at Boston tech startup Mainstay, recently found herself shocked at how emboldened some employees had become.

“There’s a sense of _________ that’s buildings,” says Barnard, who’s had to deal with issues like remote workers expressing _________ with the system the company used to deliver them free lunches. “These employees are recognizing, ‘You need me, and if I leave, it’s going to be hard to replace me.’”

Employees in many industries are in a position of power that they haven’t experienced in years, as the economy swiftly _________ from the pandemic and businesses struggle to recruit retain enough workers to keep up with the growth. The rate of monthly _________ hit a record low in May, as job openings notched a record high. Meanwhile, more employees _________ quit their jobs in April than ever previously recorded-a clear sign that they’re confident they can find better options.

On top of the tight labor market, the pandemic has led many people to reconsider the centrality of work in their lives and has _________ some ties to their employers. Surveys suggest roughly 40% of U. S. workers are open to switching jobs in the coming months.

To a significant extent, this is a really good development. Workers had lost leverage with employers over the past four decades, amid a sharp _________ in union membership and an intense focus on shareholders at the expense of employees. The recent rise in wages. and worker’s increasing _________ in workplace practices, in many ways helps reset the balance.

Now, in order to attract and retain the workers they need, leaders are having to _________ their organizations’ practices. A large portion of office-based companies are rolling out flexible schedules, which allow employees to work when they want, and hybrid arrangements, where they __________ their time between office and remote work.

Barnard predicts the four-day workweek may even __________. Already, Kickstarter and other U. S. companies have committed to experimenting with the approach. And in a high-profile test in Iceland, workers were just as __________ and had improved well-being when they worked a shorter weekly schedule.

Another tactic is to conduct “stay interviews.” Employers traditionally hold “__________ interviews” when people leave companies, to better understand what went wrong. __________, managers would be better off if they proactively met with staff individually to better understand any problems they’re having before they get to the point of quitting. Good questions to ask include What do you wish you could spend less time on?

The increasing empowerment of workers is __________ and bewildering for many managers. But in the end, most of them are managed by someone else themselves. And if managers think deeply about what would attract them to an employer or make them stick around, it might help them succeed in this moment. As Bock says, “People forget that the thing that would help their teams the most is to give them what they themselves want.”

3 . Walking while texting could lead to fines of up to $50 or 15 days’ imprisonment as state lawmaker warns of the dangers of “distracted walking”. Jared Schumacher is one of hundreds of thousands of New Jerseyans who _________ use electronic devices to text, listen to music or do other tasks as they walk outdoors.

If a “distracted walking” measure recently proposed by a state assemblywoman (女议员) becomes law, Jared and others like him could face _________ or even jail time.

“I admit that I’m usually listening to music, talking on my phone or texting while I’m walking around,” Schumacher, 20, said while _________ to a text as he walked along a street in the state capital last weekend.

Experts say distracted walking is a growing _________, as people of all ages become more _________ on electronic devices for personal and professional matters. They also note pedestrian deaths have been _________ in recent years. In 2005, 11% of all US fatalities involved pedestrians, but that number rose to 15% in 2014.

The rise in deaths coincides (相符合) with states _________ bills that target pedestrians and bicyclists. For instance, a bill in Hawaii would fine someone $250 if he or she were to cross the street while _________ an electronic device. Similar bills have failed in states including Arkansas, Illinois, Nevada and New York.

“Thus far, no states have enacted a law _________targeting distracted bicyclists or pedestrians,” said Douglas Shinkle, transportation program director for the National Conference of State Legislatures. But he added that “a few states __________ to introduce legislation every year.”

The measure recently put forward by New Jersey assemblywoman Pamela Lampitt would __________ walking while texting and ban pedestrians on public roads from using electronic communication devices unless they are __________.

Lawbreakers would face fines of up to $50, 15 days imprisonment or both, which is the same punishment as jaywalking. Half of the fine would be distributed to safety education about the __________of walking and texting, said Lampitt, a Democrat.

Some see the proposal as a(n) __________ government overreach, while others say they understand Lampitt’s reasoning. But most agree that people need to be made __________of the issue.

4 . Teachers and parents usually call attention to the pictures when reading storybooks to preschool children. But a new study suggests that calling attention to print – the words and letters on the page may lead to _________readers.

The two-year study_________children aged 3 to 5 who were divided into two groups.The teachers helped each group to read in two different ways. Over three hundred students were considered to be likely to_________reading problems in future life, and they were_________ in a classroom setting. After reviewing the recorded lessons, the researchers found that those students whose teachers most often_________the print showed clearly higher skills in reading, spelling and understanding.

Professor Shayne Piasta, the study's author, says most teachers would find this method_________because it needs only a small change in the way they teach. They already read storybooks in class. The only_________ in the new method would be increased attention to the print.

Ms.Piasta says if adults can_________children in the stories and get them to pay attention to letters and words, it is certain that they will do better at_________recognition.But few parents and teachers do this in a(n)__________way by starting first with letters, then__________moving to words, sentences and paragraphs.__________,they habitually turn to the attractive pictures first, thus misleading the children.

Teachers and parents can point to a letter and outline its shape with a finger. They can point to a word and__________"This is 'dog'". They can discuss the meaning of the print to find how the words are combined to tell the story. And they can talk about the__________of the print, for example, how words are written from left to right. By__________ training in this way, the teachers will definitely raise the students’ ability to read.

5 . From using a smiling emoji in messages to saying “cheese” when taking photos, most people believe that a smile is a sign of happiness. ________ some scientists don’t think so.

The ________ between smiles and happiness was recently studied by researchers at Brighton and Sussex Medical School(BSMS) in the UK. Their ________ found that smiling doesn’t necessarily show a person’s gladness. Instead, it usually ________ a tool in social contact.

In the study, 44 people aged between 18 and 35 took part in a quiz. The ________ had to answer nine difficult questions, while their facial expressions were recorded by computers.   The participants were then asked to rate(评估) their own experiences when answering the questions. They were given 12 different emotions to ________, including “bored” and “interested”.

According to Science Daily, people always ________ the experiences that made them smile with “engagement(参与)”, ________ “happiness” or “interested”.

We normally associate a smiling person with cheerfulness. ________, a smile is more likely to be caused by a feeling of ________, reported Indian newspaper The Asian Age.

In order to ________ explain these results, the researchers checked the ________ of the participants answering each question.

According to the journal News Medical, the participants didn’t show any signs of smiling in their images when they were trying their best to find out the right answer.

However, when they were told whether their answer was ________ or not, they smiled. And more ________, they smiled more often when their answers were incorrect. It showed “their enjoyment of this game,” according to Science Daily.

“This ________ could be explained by self-ratings of engagement, rather than by ratings of happiness or frustration,” body language expert Harry Witchel told Science Daily.

6 . There is a saying, “Imitation is the sincerest form of flattery (奉承).” This may be true, but in the art world fakes are unaccepted, to say the least. _______, selling fake art can be a criminal offense. When a painting is discovered that might have been painted by one of the great masters, it causes a sensation in the art world. However, for every great work, there are many fakes. There are also _______ imitations, paintings that were created in the style of a master painter and later _______ attributed to the master himself. Scientists are working on new technology that may aid art _______ in answering the question: Masterpiece or masterful imitation?

Most master painters have had their works imitated over the years, and even the experts have been _______ by some of these imitations. The National Gallery of Scotland once reportedly had an exhibit of five paintings of the same subject, all attributed to Leonardo. It turned out that at least three of the works were _______. Today, by some estimates, 15 percent of the art sold at auction houses may not be authentic.

Art historians, with their knowledge of the works of a particular artist, are often asked to authenticate art. _______ their knowledge of the subject, these scholars use science and technology to _______ if a work of art was created by a particular artist. The materials used in the painting are often _______ and X-rayed. Now, art historians may have another technological tool to help their process.

Scientists have developed a new authentications technique that analyzes and classifies paintings based on a digital analysis of the artist’s style. The process works by finding the consistency and ________ in an artist’s work. In an experiment, the model automatically identified the authenticated works by Pieter Bruegel the Elder, ________ them from five imitations. Stuart Fleming, author of Authenticity in Art, thinks the technology could “revolutionize ________ of many sincere imitations.”

Nonetheless, some art historians are ________ about the new technique. “It’s an interesting idea. But before curators and art historians will jump in and use this, I think a much larger sample of work has to be tested,” said the curator at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.

For now, museum curators and auction houses don’t seem as interested in the technology as the scientists are. There may be a(n) ________ reason for that. “If you spent 80 million dollars to buy a painting, I don’t think you’d be eager to know that it’s a fake,” Farid said. “It’s a dirty little secret that a lot of paintings are not ________.”

7 . From Oxford’s quads to Harvard Yard and many a steel and glass palace of higher education in between, exams are given way to holidays. As students consider life after graduation, universities are _______ questions about their own future. The higher education model of lecturing, cramming and examination has barely _______ for centuries. Now, three disruptive waves are threatening to shake established ways of teaching and learning.

On one front, a funding _______ has created a shortage of fund that the universities brightest brains are struggling to solve. Institutions’ costs are rising, _______ pricey investments in technology, teachers’ salaries and increasing administrative costs. That comes as governments conclude that they can no longer afford to subsidize universities as _______ as they used to. American colleges, in particular, are under pressure: some analysts predict mass bankruptcies within two decades.

At the same time, a(n) _______ revolution is challenging higher education’s business model. A(n) _______ in online learning, much of it free, means that the knowledge once a lucky few had access to has been released to anyone with a smartphone or laptop. These _______ and technological disruptions coincide with a third great change: whereas universities used to educate only a tiny elite, they are now _______ training and retraining workers throughout their careers. How will they ________ this storm—and what will emerge in their place if they don’t?

The universities least likely to lose out to online competitors are elite institutions with established reputations and low student-to-tutor ratios. That is ________ news for the Ivy League, which offer networking opportunities to students alongside a degree. Those colleges might profit from expanding the ratio of online learning to classroom teaching, lowering their costs while still offering the prize of a college education conducted partly on campus.

The most vulnerable, according to Jim Lerman of Kean University in New Jersey, are the “middle-tier institutions, which produce America's teachers, middle managers and administrators.” They could be ________ in greater part by online courses, he suggests. So might weaker community colleges, although those which cultivate connections to local employers might yet prove resilient (有弹力的).

Since the first wave of massive online courses launched in 2012, an opposition has focused on their ________ and commercial uncertainties. Yet if critics think they are immune to the march of the MOOC, they are almost certainly wrong. Whereas online courses can quickly________ their content and delivery mechanisms, universities are up against serious cost and efficiency problems, with little changes of taking more from the public purse.

Without the personal touch, higher education could become “an icebound, petrified (石化的) cast-iron university.” That is what the new wave of high-tech courses should not become. But as a(n) ________ to an overstretched, expensive model of higher education, they are more likely to prosper than fade.

9 . Companies like Arjuna are beginning to take action to deal with pay inequality, but it doesn't tell the full story of women's experience.

Microsoft's chief executive, Satya Nadella, earned bad fame for his ________ that women should not bother to ask for raises. ________ , he suggested in October 2014, they should have faith that the system will reward them appropriately. Stopping from asking for a raise, he added, is actually good.

When his remarks were greeted with anger, Nadella back-pedalled (出尔反尔) at the speed of light. Less than a year later, Microsoft was ________ by a former employee, Katie Moussouris , now chief policy officer at Hacker One, claiming gender prejudice.

Moussouris ________ that she was only one of a number of women at Microsoft who ________ less that their male colleagues. Moussouris also mentioned that can received preferential treatment in ________ and systematically received more favorable job reviews.

There is no way to know whether Moussouris's claims are ________ , because Microsoft does not disclose any data about the ________ to which men and women are paid differently for doing similar jobs. That may soon change, if Arjuna Capital succeeds in placing a(n) ________ before Microsoft's shareholders and convincing enough of them to vote in favor of it, thus requiring the company to ________ disclose that information for the first time and helping women make up their minds to require the ________ of the gender pay inequality.

Arjuna, the activist arm of Baldwin Brothers, an investment advisory firm, is ________ top technology firms, in search of precisely this information. Shareholders of eBays, Expedia,

Facebook and Google will vote on proposals that would ________ the creation of reports detailing the percentage of pay ________ between male and female employees, spelling out both firms' policies, in an attempt to address how the companies would set about closing or ________ that gap, and specific targets.