At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-    1     language. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu-animal     2     and shells on which     3     were     4     by ancient Chinese people.

A     1     was     2     to     3     damage to the Egyptian buildings and     4     the     5     of cultural relics. The group asked for     6     from different     7     and raised     8    within the international community.

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In ancient times, silk from China found its way overland to India, the Middle East and Rome, along what became known as the Silk Road. A trading route across the sea was also     1     along the coasts of the Indian Ocean centred around Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). Here, merchants from China and many other places met to     2     trade deals, which also led to more     3     of each other’s cultures. Over the centuries, further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China, as     4     in Du Huan’s Record of My Travels in the eighth century.

Later, the Ming Dynasty further     5     relations with these regions. Between 1405 and1433, seven large fleets sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration. These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time. Under the     6     of Zheng He, they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea, and then to the east coast of Africa. African     7     families sent gifts such as giraffes as gestures of friendship in     8     for gold, silk, and spices. Although China     9     from further expeditions after 1433, these land and sea routes remained     10     channels between other cultures for centuries.

Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. After she graduated, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientist with the o    1     of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tuyouyou was among the first r    2     chosen. In the beginning, Tuyouyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional b    3     treatments for the disease. Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and e    4     280,000 plants for their medical p    5    . From their research, they discovered and texted 380 d    6     ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.

One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. Tu’s team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the l    7     obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. Their project get stuck. However, Tu Youyou would not a    8     defeat. She analysed the medical texts again, and by chance, she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood. She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties. Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a s    9     that worked. After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971. Tu Youyou and her team members even i    10     on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria.

The skin is an     1     part of your body and is its largest     2    . Your skin acts as a barrier against disease, toxins, and the sun’s     3    . It also helps control your body     4    , prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your     5     of touch.

The next morning, the two girls     1     early to take the train to Lake Louise, passing through the Canadian Rockies. Seen from the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada looked     2    . When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louise,     3     the blue water literally took their     4     away with its     5     beauty. They spent the night, and then took a coach bound north through the Canadian Rockies to Jasper. Looking at the beautiful     6    , they both agreed that it was the most     7     journey they had ever taken. In addition to seeing spectacular mountain     8     and forests, one     9     of their trip was being able to see many different     10    , including deer, mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle.

During the Middle Ages, the     1     of Western art was to teach people about Christianity. Thus, artists were not interested in painting     2     scenes. Their works were often     3     and two-dimensional, and the main characters were often made much     4     than everyone else to show their     5    .

Six months ago, 19-year-old Xie Lei said     1     to her family and friends and boarded a     2     for London. It was the first time     3     she had left China. “I was very excited but also quite     4    . I didn’t know what to expect,” Xie Lei     5    .

Just like spoken language, body language     1     from culture to culture. The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is     2     to the culture you are in. For example, making eye contact—looking into someone’s eyes—in some countries is a way to display     3    . In other countries,     4     contrast, eye contact is not always approved     5    .

One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually a    1     a higher yield than c    2     crops. However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great d    3    . The common a    4     then was that it could not be done. Through i    5     effort, Yuan o    6     enormous technical d    7     to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for f    8     in 1974. This hybrid e    9     farmers to e    10     their output greatly.