1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

It is well-known that the Great Wall is a symbol of China and enjoys great popularity. In c. 220 B. C., under Qin Shi Huang, sections of earlier fortifications (防御工事) were joined together     1     (form) a united defence system against invasions from the north. Construction continued up to the Ming dynasty (1368-1644),     2     the Great Wall became the world’s largest military structure. Its historic and strategic importance is matched only by its architectural significance.

The Great Wall was     3     (continuous) built from the 3rd century BC to the 17th century AD on the northern border of the country as the great military defence project of successive (连续的) Chinese Empires, with a total     4     (long) of more than 20, 000 kilometers. The Great Wall begins in the east at Shanhaiguan in Hebei province and     5     (end) at Jiayuguan in Gansu province to the west. Its main body consists     6     walls, horse tracks, watch towers, and shelters on the wall, and includes fortresses (要塞) and passes along the Wall.

The Great Wall reflects conflicts and exchanges between     7     (agriculture) civilizations and nomadic (游牧的) civilizations in ancient China. It is one of the significant physical     8     (proof) of the far-sighted political strategic thinking and mighty military and national defence forces of central empires in ancient China, and is     9     outstanding example of the superb military architecture, technology and art of ancient China. It embodies incomparable significance as the national symbol for     10     (safeguard) the security of the country and its people.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Ganqiu Festival is one of the oldest traditional celebrations and social activities of the Miao ethnic group in China. It falls on the first day of “Liqiu”,     1     indicates the end of summer. Miao people     2     (settle) down in Huayuan County, Fenghuang County, Jishou County, Luxi County and several other counties in Hunan Province hold a series of grand     3     (ceremony) to celebrate the day. The festival is not only an opportunity for Miao people to celebrate a good harvest, but     4     important social occasion for young Miao men and women as well.

According to local tales, Miao people drove out demons (恶魔) from their lands and began planting rice to build up their homeland. And due to their hard work, they were blessed     5     a harvest every autumn. Since then, the festival has remained a celebration of their victory, an expression of their     6     (appreciate) for the harvest season, and a way to send blessings to others.

Having a long history, the Ganqiu Festival observes many customs     7     (pass) down from generation to generation.     8     (traditional), during the day, Miao people wear colorful costumes and gather for a feast featuring     9     (attract) shows and sports activities. The festival     10     (list) as national intangible cultural heritage in 2014 and later as UNESCO intangible cultural heritage in 2016.

3 . 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Honking cars, blasting stereos and babbling neighbors are     1     (whole) affecting people’s daily life: consider it all part of the symphony that plays daily on New York City streets. Everyone knows the city is loud, and a losing war against noise     2     (wage) for a long time. Now they have a new weapon     3     (invite) to many citizens: noise cameras.

The cameras     4     (pair) with a sound meter to detect noise of at least 85 decibels (分贝) from a source 50 ft or more away have recently been fixed on certain streets in Manhattan’s wealthy Upper West Side. It’s part of a program run by the city’s department of environmental protection.

However, Erica Walker, who studies the joint     5     community noise and health, believes most noise   comes from poor city planning rather than individual bad actions, and that noise cameras are merely Band -Aids for a more systemic issue. Actually,     6     (far) research still needs to be done on the economic effects of noise cameras. The public is supposed to zero in on the dangers and economic costs of noise pollution     7     can blight some proceeds and urge that appropriate actions     8     (carry) out.

On the other hand,     9     lecturer at Columbia University expressed concern about the surveillance (监视) capabilities of noise cameras. “It is being tried for the possibility     10     (leak) privacy still. Does this present a   privacy risk for residents of the city? ” she held the question.

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In Xinjiang, China, the beautiful scenery can often take miraculous forms. Anjihai Town has become famous the world over due to one canyon (峡谷) in particular. The river,     1     originates in the Tianshan Mountains,     2     (rush) down the steep slopes, carving its way through cliffs formed over thousands of years.

The canyon is about 30 kilometers     3     length, with the valley floor being 3 to 4 hundred meters at its     4     (wide), while the narrowest part is only two or three meters. From above, Anjihai Grand Canyon is rich in colors. On either side of the canyon, red sandstone and gray mudstone alternate to create an astonishing landscape. The colors are formed as the river erodes and dissolves the sandstone and mudstone,     5     (draw) abstract pictures on the land. It is one of the most beautiful and yet     6     (virtual) unknown canyons in Xinjiang. Because it is so     7     (hide) and the land on either side of the canyon is the same     8     (high), people sometimes come across it without warning. If they don’t stop in time, they are likely     9     (fall) off the cliff. No wonder it     10     (recognize) as one of the steepest cliffs in China.

5 . 语法填空

Zanhua Wei, known as “the garden on the head”, is a kind of flower headwear     1     (wear) by local women in Xunpu, a fishing village in Quanzhou, Fujian Province.

The production of it needs to go through multiple     2     (process), including cutting, laying, inlaying, coloring and so on. Main materials for making hair-pinned flowers are metal wires, jewelry stones and colored pearls,     3     (delicate) combined to form a variety of flower patterns.

Opinions vary about the origin of Zanhua Wei, with some saying     4     originated from the custom of Central Asian women wearing flowers and was brought back through the maritime Silk Road during the Song and Yuan dynasties,     5     Quanzhou served as one of the few leading trading ports on the southeastern coast of China. The ships carried spices and all kinds of     6     (value) goods to Quanzhou for trade, notably countless jewelry stones and pearls.

In 2008, the custom    7     (include) in the national intangible cultural heritage list. Besides    8     (use) as hair accessories (配饰), head-pinned flowers play     9     undeniable role in traditional Chinese culture. Zanhua Wei carries the emotions and memories of the fisherman’s family, reflecting the diligence and simplicity of Xunpu, as well as the    10     (expect) for a better life.

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Hope Justman, in 81-year-old American, has just completed her 24th trip along the shudao,     1     ancient road system in Sichuan province that dates back to two thousand years ago.

Running for around 1,000 kilometers, the shudao     2    (wind) through mountains and crosses streams, connecting Sichuan province with the northern Guanzhong Plain, which was once the heartland of ancient China.

Justman’s     3    (connect) to the ancient road system dates back to her college days. As part of a course on Chinese literature and art, she     4    (visit) an exhibition in Boston,     5    a painting captured her attention.

In 1997,after reading almost every English travel book, finally she found the shudao     6    the help of local guides. Since then, she has hiked more than 400 km of it.

Justman created a website to share her     7    (photo) of the ancient road network. In2015, a friend shot a documentary about the shudao and uploaded it to YouTube,     8    (earn) the attention of like-minded people, some of whom asked to join the American on her walks.

Last month, she took some of those friends to the Cuiyunlang section of the shudao,     9    (line) by ancient cypress trees with an average age of 1,050 years, the oldest tree being     10    (approximate) 2,300 years old. She and her friends planted two cypress trees, and promised to meet again there next year.

7 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Vertical Farms: Is the sky really the limit?

At a hyper-controlled indoor farm in industrial South San Francisco, four robots carefully transfer seeds from barcoded trays into 4.5-meter towers that then are hung vertically (垂直地) inside a 445 sq metre grow room. Workers in branded jumpsuits     1     (inspect) the greens for imperfect produce, but there is almost     2    . Then the pesticide-free product is packaged and put on a truck     3     (deliver) to a local market where the customer becomes the first person to touch it. With the world’s population expected to reach nearly 10 billion by 2050, most of     4     will be living in cities, experts say a 70% increase from current levels of global food production will be needed. But agricultural land is     5     short supply thanks to the climate crisis and urbanization.

Indoor farming raised more than $1 bn in 2021, exceeding the combined funding in 2018 and 2019. But critics say the massive energy costs     6    (need) to run vertical farms and greenhouses make the practice far less eco-friendly than their branding suggests.

Designed to produce yields hundreds of times larger than traditional outdoor farming, vertical farms occupy spaces such as buildings or shipping containers while using 70 to 95% less water     7     they can recapture and recycle rather than waste it due to poor irrigation (灌溉) or evaporation. Products are fully traceable from seed to shelf, stay fresher longer and there’s little risk of bacteria, infected animal faces (粪便) or     8    (have) to transport them long distances in trucks and planes.

Entrepreneurs like Irving Fain, CEO and founder of Manhattan-based Bowery Farming, say that they’re gathering knowledge about plant growth and agronomy (农学) that     9     take traditional farmers outdoors hundreds of years to accumulate. The possibilities raised by vertical farms have also captured the imagination of a number of large venture capitalists and private equality funds. “While it is still too early to tell     10     these high-tech, high-rise growing machines will become a real estate asset class in their own right, some investors are starting to take a serious look at vertical farming as a possible new asset category.” said Fain.

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Is it a train? Or is it a bus? Neither, it’s a Ferrobus—    1     unique form of transport found across mountainous regions of South America.

Combining old road bus bodies with rail wheels, these strange-looking machines are a lifeline     2     a lot of remote mountain villages     3     (lack) official road access. Using otherwise     4     (abandon) rail lines—often built in the 19thand early 20th century—Ferrobus routes can     5    (find) in Chile, Bolivia and Colombia, climbing high into the Andes. There are two different Ferrobuses     6     leave on different days.

Ferrobus trips are increasingly popular with tourists wanting to avoid uncomfortable and often     7     (danger) road journeys. Chile’s Gondola Carril from Los Andes to Rio Blanco, north of Santiago, operates     8    (pure) for tourists, but others provide regular, if somewhat unpredictable, transport for     9     (local) and tourists alike.

Bolivia is arguably the center of the Ferrobus world, with at least three routes, although there’s a constant risk of disruption (中断) from floods, rock falls and extreme weather.

Riding a Ferrobus     10     (require) patience and nerve, but you are guaranteed to return with some hair-raising stories to tell your friends.

9 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A pair of scissors, a piece of paper, and a pair of dexterous (灵巧的) hands. That’s     1     is needed to create delicate works of paper-cuttings.

    2    (originate) in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, this ancient form of art has not only survived through generations but has also become     3     important part of Chinese culture. It is often associated with the     4     (celebrate) of the Spring Festival, where complex patterns of the 12 Chinese zodiac animals     5     (create) to bring good luck and fortune for the new year.

The art of paper-cuttings goes beyond mere craftsmanship. It is a form of expression deeply     6    (root) in Chinese history and tradition. Artists, without the need for any drawn draft, use their imagination to create     7    (variety) patterns and images with scissors and burins. Animals, flowers, mythological and historical figures are meticulously (细致地) cut and carved, each carrying its own symbolism and meanings.

Today, paper-cuttings continue to decorate Chinese homes,     8    (especial) during the Spring Festival. The windows and walls come alive with vibrant patterns and scenes of family reunions and temple fairs. It serves     9     a reminder of the rich cultural heritage that the Chinese people cherish     10     pass down from one generation to another.

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The city of Tianshui, in Northwest China’s Gansu Province, is experiencing a tourism boom     1    (fuel)by its signature dish, the malatang hotpot.     2    (feature)a mix of vegetables, meats and seafood boiled in a peppery soup, it has become an unexpected Internet hit, drawing visitors from across China. Tianshui     3    (welcome)7.54 million tourists since the start of last month, generating tourism profit of 4.37 billion yuan.

A photo of a     4    (visible)exhausted Haiying Malatang staff member went viral online, causing a heated discussion     5     increasing its popularity. According to Ha Haiying, the owner of the restaurant, it is the flavor and affordability     6     contribute to Tianshui malatang’s success.

However, the     7    (spice)delight isn’t the only draw. The increase in malatang     8    (consume)has led to a corresponding rise invisitors to Tianshui’s key attractions, including the Maijishan Grottoes(石窟),     9     UNESCO World Heritage Site, and a temple dedicated to Fuxi.

Tianshui’s local government is taking steps to solidify its position     10     a tourist destination, such as producing convenient seasoning packets so that visitors can recreate the genuine Tianshui malatang at home.