1 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Many drivers dream of the day     1     they can sit back while their car drives itself.     2     several companies are working hard to make it a reality, self-driving cars still face many problems.

Google was one of the first     3     (get) into this industry. It     4     (develop) self-driving cars since 2009, and its new driverless car is called Firely.

But the driverless car is only a “fair weather friend”, the Daily Mail     5     (comment).

According to the MIT Technology Review, the current driverless cars can’t react like a human driver. They can’t drive in heavy rain or snow.

Chris Urmson, director of the Google car team, said that this is because the detection technology is not yet good enough to separate certain objects from weather conditions. In the cars’eyes, raindrops and snowflakes are the same     6     rocks, and cars stop for them. But if the manhole (下水道入口) ahead is uncovered, they drive over it without hesitation.

    7     all these problems, Urmson said driverless cars will happen more quickly than people think.

But even at that time, driverless cars won’t be truly “driverless”.

In the US, only     8     someone sits in the driver’s seat are driverless cars allowed on roads in certain states.

European countries, Mexico, Chile, Brazil and Russian follow the United Nations Convention on Road Traffic. The convention used to say: “Every driver     9     at all times be able to control his vehicle.” A change was agreed in May,     10     (allow) a car to drive itself as long as a driver is in the car and able to take the wheel at any time.

2 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Yang Nan, who was a KTV operation manager, has recently gained a new identity. He has become a temporary workers at a local Hema Fresh, Alibaba’s Retail grocery chain in     1     has become a new trend: workers sharing among companies to offset (抵消) labor shortages caused by coronavirus outbreak.

China’s e-commerce platforms are seeing booming sales     2     more people choose to stay at home and shop online under the impact of the epidemic. Worker’s     3     (delay) return from virus-affected regions and growing orders were leading to labor shortages.

    4     (address) this mismatch in the labor force, Hema has taken the initiative to offer part-time jobs to laid-off employees from other companies. As of February 14, around 2,700 employees from over 40 companies in different industries had joined Hema’s temporary job-sharing plan     5     some quick training.

While job-sharing has helped fill the labor gap for online retailers, jobs requiring experience still lack people. In a statement on February 12, Hema said surging orders made the demand for couriers (快递员) especially urgent even     6       80 percent of its delivery force had returned to work after the holiday.

The participation of employees from car rental companies has partially addressed the problem. Car rental and car-hailing companies such as Shanghai-based Dazhong Chuxing     7     (send) experienced drivers to assist Hema’s delivery services in several cities. This has improved the delivery efficiency since cars can carry more than the motorcycles commonly used by deliverymen.

The labor gap during this special period has made flexible employment a rising star. Among the over 5,000 domestic enterprises investigated, nearly 70 percent were planning to adopt the model. Couriers and salespeople are     8     (common) position in flexible employment.

Flexible employment will bring a major change in China’s human resources supply. Through digital economic platforms, domestic enterprises     9     develop partnerships more efficiently and promote mutually beneficial flows of the labor force, one of the directors in Hema Fresh said, suggesting that third-party service platforms     10     (provide) enterprise and employee information be developed to simplify recruitment.

3 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

California has long attracted visitors seeking fortune, fame or both. Way back in 1849, hundreds of thousands started digging     1     gold in the great Gold Rush, a historical event which     2    (capture) the American imagination.

Nowadays, the state is the most diverse(多元化的）in the entire mainland US--both in terms of the races of its people and the languages     3     speak. Thus, California is a true example of the “melting pot”, which     4     (associate) with the US.

But why is it     5     all these different types of people choose to live and work in California? You’ve probably heard of Silicon Valley(硅谷).     6     (locate) outside San Francisco in northern California, it is home to many of the world’s most successful technology companies.     7     you ever send texts on an iPhone, e-mail with Yahoo, search on Google or edit pictures with Photoshop, then you have Silicon Valley to thank.

But it’s not just electronic innovation that inspires people to move to California. Another major reason is one of     8    (old) American dreams--the chance     9     (become) a movie or TV star. People     10     visit California get a special rush from going to Mount Lee in Santa Monica and seeing the famous Hollywood sign, a lasting symbol of the American film and television industries.

4 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Three Myths About Skin

We put importance into caring for skin since it’s the first thing other people see. Skin might be one of the least correctly     1     (interpret) parts of our bodies. So today, I’d like to run through three myths we have about skin.

Myth No. 1: Healthy skin is skin that looks perfect. When we talk of healthy skin, we     2     think of a clear and smooth surface. But skin is a living organ,     3     heart or lungs and any other complex organ, serving many functions, not just about what’s going on at the surface.

Myth No. 2: You only need sunscreen on sunny days. UV rays from the sun are so strong that     4     damage our cells’ DNA. There are two types that affect the skin. UVA rays damage protein in skin, quickening the pace of aging. UVB rays, meanwhile, cook the outer layer of the skin, causing sunburn.     5     our cells can repair that damage to some extent, it accumulates over time, and can lead to skin cancer. When our skin     6     (expose) to UV rays, it gets darker, which is the way of showing it’s been damaged. So by wearing sunscreen, even when it’s cloudy, you are protecting yourself from sunburn, early aging and skin cancer.

Myth No. 3: You can shrink pores. Pores are the tiny openings in our skin. They’re     7     let sweat cool you and oil smooth skin. Pore size is largely determined by genes,     8     function is to carry information for particular characteristics, and rarely changes. In other words, pores don’t really shrink. So stop     9     (spend) your money on pore minimizers and just wash your face with the products basically made from stuff that won’t block pores.

Our skin is     10     amazing organ, so let’s treat it right and forget about those myths, OK?

5 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Repair Café

When things around the house stop working, what do you usually do with them? If you’re     1     a lot of people, you probably just throw them away.

This tendency has led to the modern nickname: the throwaway culture. There are many reasons for this trend. In some areas     2     it’s difficult to find people who can make repairs, fixing things can be quite expensive. Also, some small appliances are so inexpensive that it’s often much     3     (easy) to just buy a new one.

In 2009, Martine Postma from the Netherlands decided there must be a better way. Her solution was Repair Cafés: places where people can take damaged or     4     (tear) items. There they will find tools, resources and volunteer experts who are willing to help with repairs.

Postma’s first Repair Café opened on Oct. 18, 2009, in Amsterdam, and was a huge success. News of the café spread, and people began asking     5     they could start their own. In 2011, Postma established the Repair Café Foundation. This nonprofit organization provides guidance to those hoping to begin their own neighborhood repair group.

Today, there are roughly 2,000 Repair Cafés around the world with meetings typically     6     (occur) once a month. Around 25 objects per session are repaired.     7     is free, but donations are greatly appreciated.

Not only     8     the cafés provide help with repairs, they also strengthen community ties. Neighbors get to know one another as they work together on projects. In addition, valuable knowledge is passed along and preserved. Items are kept rather than thrown away, meaning less trash in landfills.     9     an average broken item weighs a kilo, it’s been estimated that 2,000 Repair Cafés prevent 35,000 kilos of trash every month. That     10     (add) up to about 420,000 kilos per year!

6 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Children's Fine Motor Skills

Using a fork to eat, zipping up a sweatshirt and turning a doorknob are all things most people do without thinking, but children spend their early years developing and refining these abilities. They are known as fine motor skills,       1     the small muscles of the hands with adequate strength, dexterity (灵巧) and coordination   (协调) to grasp and control objects are used. It is firmly believed       2     later, fine motor skills do help children to succeed in school.     3     are also important in day-to-day life.

    4     (watch) a baby use their uncoordinated arms and legs might be adorable, but these early reactions are practice for the fine motor skills they'll eventually develop.     5     Stephanie Reich, a professor of the University of California, toddlers need to increase the coordination of fine movements in the preschool years.     6     children grow older, these fine motor skills will improve and become more complex. For example, a 4-year-old may hold a crayon with their fist, using their whole hand to draw. But five-year-olds can start using a pencil between the first and middle fingers and thumb, as adults can.

The elementary school years and beyond see     7     (advanced) fine motor skills, such as when children learn to tie shoes between 5 and 6 years old. At about age 7,     8     (improve) performance can be amazingly witnessed. However, every child develops at their own pace. If a single milestone, such as using eating utensils (餐具),     9     (delay), it isn't necessarily cause for concern.

In fact, when working on fine motor skills in the classroom, short lessons provide the most benefit for learning,. Play-based learning is also one of the strategies that are preferred. Teachers may also use hand-eye coordination - the ability of a child's eyes     10     (control) their hands and fingers - to work with children to improve fine motor skills. Using computers, especially a keyboard and mouse, also helps younger children with fine motor skills.

7 . Directions: After reading the passage below; fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

How Quality Sleep Protects Your Brain

Having trouble thinking creatively? Not able to focus on tasks that need to get done? Poor sleep could potentially be     1    （blame）. It turns out lack of sleep can do a number on your brain—and not just in the short term.

Research suggests not getting enough quality sleep can have serious permanent negative consequences. On the other hand, good sleep habits can have lasting benefits. Below are three research-backed brain benefits of sleep.

Stimulates creativity

Thinking in new, imaginative ways requires a well-rested brain. On the contrary, a brain     2    （suffer）from a lack of sleep is unable to think creatively.

A study     3    （report）in the journal Nature bears this out. For the study, participants learned a task     4     they had to recognize a hidden pattern in the questions they were asked. Their initial training     5    （follow）by eight hours of nighttime sleep or wakefulness or daytime wakefulness.

More than twice as many participants gained insight into the hidden rule after sleep as those who did after wakefulness, regardless of the time of day. The researchers concluded that "sleep, by restructuring new memory representations,     6    （facilitate）obtaining of expressive knowledge and insightful behavior.”

Reduces depression

Often influenced by chemical imbalances in the brain, depression and sleep problems go hand-in-hand. People with depression may either have a hard time sleeping or else get too much sleep.

While it's not clear     7     lack of sleep causes depression, it can worsen it. Studies show people who sleep fewer than six or more than nine hours a night are more likely to be depressed than those     8    between.

Solidifies memories

One of sleep's main functions is to help improve memory. It does this by enabling the brain to strengthen some neural pathways（神经通路）     9     reducing those it doesn't need. For example, your brain     10    （not need）to keep every sensory impression collected during your waking hours.

8 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Norway is Teaching Travelers to Travel

After 15 people died during Easter in 1967, the Norwegian Trekking Association and the Red Cross announced their campaign ‘Welcome to the mountains, but be responsible’. Fjellvettreglene, the ‘mountain code’     1     encourages people to have a healthy and respectful relationship with nature, has since become a crucial part of Norwegian culture. It includes points such as bringing necessary equipment   to assist yourself and others,     2    (seek)shelter if necessary and feeling no shame in turning around.

Nationally, Norway     3     (experience) an 11% increase in tourism in the past decade. Trolltunga, a piece of rock,     4     (see) 1,800 visitors in one 2017 day alone. Why? Because people want the same picture they see on Instagram and Facebook. A lot don’t care     5     the experience of the hike. They just want proof that they did it.     6     this tourism boom is good for the economy, it has become a threat to   Norway’s natural environment.

    7    (use) toilet paper, abandoned bottles and plastic bags can be found littered all around Trolltunga. And with the high amount of people who come unprepared for such an active hike, Norway’s leading hiking group, Friluftsliv, also has called for regulations on the number of tourists hiking to Trolltunga. Lasse Heimdal, leader of the outdoor organization said, “On a busy day, you may have to wait in line for an hour and a half just     8    (get) a picture. To control this, we’d like to regulate     9     people can hike in a day. Starting hike times should also have regulations so people don’t start too late and find     10     trapped here.”

9 . Directions:After reading the passages below fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word:for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank

Luckin Coffee Stock Collapses After News of Fake Data

Shares of Luckin Coffee Inc. sank over 80 percent after the company said one of its top managers and other employees had faked sales figures. The fast-growing Chinese coffee chain has suspended its chief operating officer Liu Jian and staff reporting to him.The decision came     1     the company's special committee conducted an internal investigation into issues in its financial statements for 2021.

Luckin Coffee,which has been described as a challenger to Starbucks,was one of China's few successful U.S. stock market listing last year. Founded in 2017,it was listed on the NASDAQ last May.It had set up some 4,500 stores in more than 40 cities across China by the end of 2019. Most of these stores are small "pick-up"stations     2     (locate) in office buildings or on college campuses that cater to online orders for pickup and delivery.

The Xiamen-based company said its own investigation had found that its fabricated sales figures,     3     had been reported starting from the second quarter of last year to the fourth quarter,     4     (amount) to about 22 billion yuan ($310 million).That's equal to about 40% of its estimated annual sales.

Luckin also said that it still needed to look into other costs and expenses that were considerably inflated during the same period. The company added that it is assessing the overall financial impact of the misconduct on its financial statements. At the same time, Luckin warned investors that they     5     no longer rely on its financial statements and earning releases for the nine months leading up to Sept. 30, which had indicated rapid growth. Its U.S.stock market value     6     (triple) since its IPO, topping S59 a share earlier this year. Investors, however, began to become cautious     7     there might be some serious issues at the company following the release of     8     critical report in January.

The 89-page anonymous report was sent to the high-profile investment firm Muddy Waters Research,which published it on January 31.The report alleged that Luckin had fabricated financial and operating figures from the third quarter of last year. At the time,Luckin strongly denied the allegations, describing them as "misleading and false."

    9     the fake sales investigation made headlines, Luckin said in a statement released on April 2 that it will "take all appropriate actions, including legal actions     10     the individuals responsible for the misconduct".

10 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

How to Sell Books in 2020: Put Them Near the Toilet Paper

If you want to sell books during a pandemic, it turns out that one of the best places to do it is within easy reach of eggs, milk and diapers.

When the coronavirus forced the United States into lockdown this spring, stores like Walmart and Target, which     1    (think) essential, remained open. So when anxious consumers were stocking up on beans and pasta, they were also grabbing workbooks, paperbacks and novels,     2     (push) the book sales up to a new level.

Warehouse stores do not generally reveal how much they sell of particular products, but people across the publishing industry say that sales     3     (increase) at these stores significantly, with perhaps the greatest rise at Target. In some cases, according to publishing executives, books sales tripled or quadrupled.

Some grocery chains and pharmacies saw an increase, too, even     4     books are far from the core of what they offer.

Stores like Target,     5    had the advantage of being open, were also able to step in when Amazon pulled back on delivering some products, like books and toys, so it     6    prioritize essential household goods and medical supplies.

“Covid-19 and the government stimulus check have increased the demand     7     books in a big way, particularly on the adult books side,” Leigh Stidham, a Walmart spokeswoman, said in an email. The fiction genre is strong despite some new title releases being pushed back to later in the year. Also, educational book sales have increased significantly since day cares and schools have been shut down.

The question for publishers is     8    this rise will continue. Have buyers been reconditioned to pick up books in different places, or will they go back to their old habits when running errands feels     9     (anxious)? Mr. Abboud of ReaderLink said the sales were expected     10    (fall), but not to previous levels. In the meantime, there are those who are starting to venture back out.