1 . No Guts, No Glory? The Fear and Attraction of Risky Winter Sports
Once I went flying off the side of a mountain on skis. Certainly, I didn’t mean to. Before I
The Winter Olympics are here, and I’ll be astonished with my heart in my mouth, watching ski-jumping and people hurtling downhill at
It
Eric Brymer and Robert Schweitzer asked people who had been doing an extreme sport for many years, to reflect
For me, reading what the research participants said was
I have an almost total lack of mastery of winter sports. The contrast between my enthusiasm and lack of skill
Perhaps the best
A.left | B.hit | C.flew | D.lost |
A.short-lived | B.mind-numbing | C.break-neck | D.long-drawn-out |
A.turns | B.hangs | C.takes | D.bursts |
A.applauded | B.prohibited | C.recommended | D.challenged |
A.interest | B.respect | C.priority | D.price |
A.simple | B.straightforward | C.complicated | D.close |
A.swiftly | B.deeply | C.intensely | D.temporarily |
A.identify | B.dread | C.treasure | D.conduct |
A.experience | B.society | C.fear | D.environment |
A.enlightening | B.distressing | C.entertaining | D.confusing |
A.Hence | B.Furthermore | C.Rather | D.However |
A.scene | B.picture | C.odds | D.straw |
A.stands for | B.accounts for | C.checks out | D.points out |
A.belt | B.helmet | C.protection | D.blade |
A.take-away | B.carry-out | C.take-off | D.try-out |
2 . Transition. It’s a pleasant word and a calming concept. It means going surely and sweetly from somewhere present to somewhere future. Unless, that is, it is newspapers’ ‘transition’ to the
Just look at the latest print circulation figures. The Daily Telegraph, The Guardian and many of the rest are down overall between 8% and 10% year-on-year, but their websites go ever higher.
All of that may well be true, depending on timing, geography and more.
One is the magazine world, both in the UK and in the US. It ought to be
As for news and current affairs magazines — which you’d expect to find in the eye of the digital storm — they had a 8.4% increase to report. In short, on both sides of the Atlantic, although some magazine areas went down, many showed rapid growth.
You can discover a
So if sales in that area have fallen so little, perhaps the
Already 360 US papers—including most of the biggest and best — have built paywalls around their products. However, the best way of attracting a paying readership appears to be a deal that offers the print copy and digital access as some kind of
Of course this huge difference isn’t
A.publishing | B.online | C.ideal | D.unknown |
A.On the other hand | B.After all | C.To begin with | D.For instance |
A.stop | B.exist | C.emerge | D.fit |
A.regulated | B.advancing | C.collapsing | D.minimized |
A.solid | B.simple | C.creative | D.changeable |
A.cultural | B.common | C.scientific | D.similar |
A.later | B.harder | C.clearer | D.slower |
A.all | B.neither | C.both | D.either |
A.service | B.system | C.crisis | D.figure |
A.right | B.vague | C.designed | D.mixed |
A.made up | B.told apart | C.took over | D.held on |
A.joint | B.mysterious | C.modern | D.complex |
A.In other words | B.On the contrary | C.What’s more | D.Even so |
A.new | B.sad | C.big | D.good |
A.spared | B.updated | C.noticed | D.edited |
3 . A hundred years ago, the largest city in the world was London, with a population of 6.5 million. Today it is beaten by Tokyo. With barely a quarter the population of London a century ago, the Tokyo metropolitan area has since
This
The
Planners and architects now agree that to improve the social and environmental condition of cities the top
A.added | B.mushroomed | C.responded | D.adapted |
A.out-of-date | B.rural-to-urban | C.close-to-bottom | D.on-the-site |
A.cities | B.migration | C.poverty | D.communities |
A.increase | B.advantage | C.management | D.distribution |
A.criticism | B.comments | C.demands | D.impressions |
A.Promoting | B.Relating | C.Returning | D.Introducing |
A.disappear | B.decrease | C.exist | D.occur |
A.Generally | B.Naturally | C.Previously | D.Fortunately |
A.rely on | B.set aside | C.result in | D.look into |
A.self-driving cars | B.public transport | C.green buildings | D.eco-friendly packaging |
A.changing | B.arranging | C.separating | D.forcing |
A.concern | B.secret | C.reform | D.priority |
A.enough | B.possible | C.common | D.scarce |
A.emphasize | B.minimize | C.neglect | D.consider |
A.eagerly for | B.far from | C.close to | D.ignorantly of |
4 . A hundred years ago it was assumed and scientifically “proved” by economists that the laws of society made it necessary to have a vast army of poor and jobless people in order to keep the economy going. Today, hardly anybody would dare to
This may sound like a fantastic proposal, but so, I think, our insurance system would have sounded to people a hundred years ago. The main objection to such a scheme would be that if each person were
However, the suspicions against a system of
But such a system would not only be the beginning of real freedom of contract between employers and employees, its principal
A.challenge | B.voice | C.question | D.disapprove |
A.excluded | B.separated | C.spared | D.rescued |
A.in terms of | B.in case of | C.in light of | D.in spite of |
A.fees | B.citizens | C.solutions | D.conditions |
A.without | B.with | C.by | D.as |
A.therefore | B.however | C.moreover | D.hence |
A.shaping | B.displaying | C.discouraging | D.encouraging |
A.entitled | B.accustomed | C.adapted | D.forbidden |
A.conclusion | B.deception | C.assumption | D.truth |
A.Actually | B.Importantly | C.Surprisingly | D.Unfortunately |
A.limited | B.limitless | C.guaranteed | D.confirmed |
A.transfer | B.flow | C.lack | D.ownership |
A.boring | B.interesting | C.tiring | D.chilling |
A.reverse | B.restore | C.revise | D.reject |
A.advantage | B.weakness | C.problem | D.setback |
5 . With advances in electronics and neuroscience, researchers have been able to achieve remarkable things with brain implant devices. In addition to restoring physical senses, scientists are also seeking innovative ways to
For years, scientists have been trying to control and use neutral inputs to give a voice back to people whose neurological damage prevents them from talking. Until now, many of these brain-computer interfaces have
The brain is undamaged in these patients, but the neurons - the pathways that
The researchers started with high-resolution brain activity data collected from five volunteers over several years. These participants - all of whom had normal speech function - were already undergoing a
From there, the UCSF team worked out a two-stage process to recreate the spoken sentences. First, they created a decoder to
Other research has tried to decode words and sounds directly from neural signals,
Using this method, the researchers successfully reverse-engineered words and sentences from brain activity that
A.offer | B.facilitate | C.initiate | D.influence |
A.signs | B.consciousness | C.signals | D.waves |
A.featured | B.neglected | C.rejected | D.missed |
A.expressions | B.muscles | C.languages | D.masks |
A.contribute to | B.communicate with | C.match with | D.lead to |
A.daily | B.delicate | C.repetitive | D.tough |
A.growing | B.producing | C.checking | D.monitoring |
A.track | B.map | C.organize | D.design |
A.copy | B.transform | C.follow | D.interpret |
A.physical | B.virtual | C.individual | D.external |
A.considering | B.creating | C.skipping | D.moving |
A.other than | B.aside from | C.regardless of | D.rather than |
A.roughly | B.barely | C.similarly | D.formally |
A.spell | B.identify | C.parallel | D.invent |
A.version | B.fluency | C.pronunciation | D.accuracy |
6 . Schools are not just a microcosm (缩影) of society; they mediate it too. The best
Trips that many adults would consider the
Probing the rock pools of a local beach or practicing French on a language exchange can fire children's passions, boost their skills and open their eyes to life's possibilities. The Sutton Trust, which focuses on improving social mobility, says educational outings help bright but
But £3,000 trips cannot be
The Department for Education's guidance says schools can charge only for board and lodging if the trip is part of the syllabus, and that students receiving government aid are exempt from these costs. However, many schools seem to ignore the advice;and it does not cover the kind of glamorous, exotic trips, which are becoming increasingly
A.pretend | B.forget | C.seek | D.fail |
A.examples | B.connections | C.extremes | D.ideals |
A.encounter | B.adventure | C.invitation | D.advantage |
A.profit | B.escape | C.suffer | D.choose |
A.Furthermore | B.Therefore | C.Meanwhile | D.Thus |
A.Introducing | B.Fulfilling | C.Relaxing | D.Rejecting |
A.disabled | B.disciplined | C.distinguished | D.disadvantaged |
A.case | B.prospect | C.performance | D.chance |
A.claiming | B.ensuring | C.expecting | D.foreseeing |
A.scolded | B.applauded | C.inspected | D.exposed |
A.pooled | B.invested | C.sold | D.spent |
A.booked | B.taken | C.enjoyed | D.justified |
A.business | B.field | C.gift | D.conch |
A.gratitude | B.satisfaction | C.guilt | D.relief |
A.rare | B.unique | C.common | D.special |
7 . Female penguins get stranded
Every year, thousands of Magellanic penguins (麦哲伦企鹅) get stranded along the coast of South America, but,
Magellanic penguins finish breeding in Patagonia in February, and, during the
Writing in the journal Current Biology, researchers in Japan and Argentina report how they
Previously it was unknown whether male and female’s took different paths or not. “Although some
The results from the study offer a clearer picture.
The authors offer a number of reasons why males and females may head to different areas— including to avoid
While researchers are still trying to understand why penguins end up stranded, Yamamoto and colleague’s suggest those that end up further north may have used more energy swimming or catching
“
While the findings may not help prevent strandings, Yamamoto said it could help with
A.desperately | B.puzzlingly | C.obviously | D.undoubtedly |
A.combination | B.frustration | C.conflict | D.imbalance |
A.following | B.previous | C.starting | D.finished |
A.dismissed | B.withdrawn | C.airlifted | D.extended |
A.attached | B.equipped | C.lifted | D.injected |
A.evaluations | B.assumptions | C.descriptions | D.conclusions |
A.deep-rooted | B.ice-covered | C.storm-stricken | D.female-biased |
A.Because | B.While | C.After | D.When |
A.legally | B.physically | C.typically | D.simply |
A.searching | B.competing | C.asking | D.defending |
A.widths | B.levels | C.depths | D.rates |
A.lighter | B.heavier | C.rougher | D.smoother |
A.fixed | B.scared | C.deposited | D.scattered |
A.After all | B.In addition | C.However | D.For example |
A.perseverance | B.conversation | C.conservation | D.reservation |
8 . Aesthetic thought (美学思想, 审美理念) of a distinctively modern art emerged during the 18th century. The western philosophers and critics of this time devoted much attention to such matters as natural beauty, the purity, and representation—a trend
Over the years, aesthetics has developed into a
A.leading | B.conducting | C.taking | D.reflecting |
A.Since | B.For | C.At | D.Before |
A.transplant | B.transmit | C.displace | D.replace |
A.chief | B.central | C.main | D.prior |
A.remarked | B.marked | C.regraded | D.considered |
A.opposing | B.similar | C.same | D.confusing |
A.method | B.means | C.mind | D.moral |
A.and | B.or | C.though | D.while |
A.artists | B.authorities | C.critics | D.psychologists |
A.owing | B.used | C.opposed | D.restricted |
A.In the other | B.In another | C.On the other | D.For another |
A.narrow | B.broad | C.visual | D.moral |
A.consequences | B.morals | C.concerns | D.believes |
A.to | B.on | C.for | D.by |
A.theoretical | B.ideal | C.technical | D.practical |
9 . Stephen Hawking remembered by his research student
Stephen was not so famous when I began my PhD at Cambridge in 1972, but his brilliance was already clear to his peers. On becoming his research student, I found it rather discouraging when I was informed by one of my tutors that Stephen was the brightest person in the department.
I soon discovered some of Stephen’s unique
I also learned about Stephen’s stubbornness and
I’m often asked where Stephen stands in the pantheon(名流群) of great physicists. There are many ways of being a great physicist and they cannot be
A.Otherwise | B.Nevertheless | C.Moreover | D.Therefore |
A.in process of | B.on account of | C.in possession of | D.accounting for |
A.familiar | B.similar | C.close | D.related |
A.accompanied | B.served | C.treated | D.entertained |
A.habits | B.habitats | C.tempers | D.characteristics |
A.work out | B.pick out | C.put out | D.lay out |
A.bothering | B.puzzling | C.disordering | D.suffering |
A.amazement | B.amusement | C.disappointment | D.astonishment |
A.innovation | B.evolution | C.determination | D.imagination |
A.fairy | B.chilly | C.scary | D.worthy |
A.sympathy | B.dream | C.doubt | D.regret |
A.leveled | B.classified | C.ranked | D.awarded |
A.claimed | B.appealed | C.fastened | D.applied |
A.outnumbered | B.emphasized | C.outlined | D.overstated |
A.optimistic | B.potential | C.positive | D.contemporary |
10 . In 2008, the US Department of Homeland Security asked Scot Borg at the United States Cyber Consequences Unit, a non-profit organization to look into what might happen if the Internet went down. Borg and his colleagues analyzed the economic
“These were instances where
It turned out that losing Internet
In some cases, shutting down the Internet for a short time might even
Travel probably would not be affected too much
A.effects | B.powers | C.solutions | D.consumptions |
A.challenging | B.insignificant | C.important | D.satisfying |
A.leading | B.minor | C.various | D.enormous |
A.handle | B.compare | C.compose | D.experience |
A.entry | B.outlook | C.access | D.process |
A.fall behind on | B.catch up with | C.give way to | D.live up to |
A.decline | B.reduce | C.increase | D.prevent |
A.previously | B.normally | C.potentially | D.regularly |
A.workforce | B.Internet | C.study | D.business |
A.switched on | B.gave up | C.turned off | D.closed down |
A.postponed | B.assigned | C.committed | D.challenged |
A.apply | B.devote | C.lead | D.turn |
A.in the short term | B.in the long run | C.in future | D.in advance |
A.convenient | B.efficient | C.hard | D.easy |
A.in exchange for | B.instead of | C.in case of | D.for the sake of |