1 . Mice are at their best at night. But a new analysis suggests researchers often test the nightly creatures during the day, which could alter results and create ________ across various studies, if they record time-of-day information ________. Scientists assume that waking up lab mice in the daytime may twist research.

Of the 200 papers examined in the new study, more than half cither failed to report the timing of behavioral testing or did so ________. On the contrary, they found only 20 percent reported ________ testing. The analysis was published in Neuroscience & Bio-behavioral Reviews.

West Virginia University neuro-scientist Randy Nelson, the study's lead author, says this is likely a matter of human ________. “It is easier to get students and schools to work during the day than at night,” Nelson says. But that advantage ________.

“Time of day not only impacts the intensity of many ________, including mice activity, aggressiveness of their behavior, and hormone levels,” but changes in those factors can only be ________ during certain parts of the daytime cycle, says University of Wyoming behavioral neuro-scientist William D. Todd. This means that “failing to report time of day of data collection and tests makes ________ of results extremely difficult,” adds Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center staff scientist Natalia Machado. Neither Todd nor Machado was involved in the new study.

________, the study researchers say it is critical that scientists report the timing of their work and consider the fact that animals' behavioral and physiological responses can ________ with the hour. As a first step, Nelson says, “obviously, taking time-of-day into consideration seems like ________ fruit in terms of line assing behavioral neuroscience research reliability, reproducibility and rigor (严谨性)

University of Calgary psychologist Michael Antle, who was also not involved in the analysis, says such differences in how studies are run ________ a “reproducibility crisis” in science, with other laboratories unable to ________ study results. “Running a study at the wrong time,” he says, “could lead to us completely ________ a finding altogether.”

1.

A．immobility

B．originality

C．inconsistency

D．credibility

2.

A．exclusively

B．precisely

C．generally

D．honestly

3.

A．directly

B．personally

C．reliably

D．unclearly

4.

A．everyday

B．quality

C．physical

D．nighttime

5.

A．security

B．convenience

C．intelligence

D．privacy

6.

A．comes at a cost

B．comes to the point

C．comes into being

D．comes to an end

7.

A．operations

B．effects

C．subjects

D．variables

8.

A．indicated

B．required

C．recorded

D．proposed

9.

A．interpretation

B．expectation

C．suspicion

D．distribution

10.

A．Vice versa

B．In comparison

C．For example

D．Therefore

11.

A．occur

B．diversify

C．improve

D．vary

12.

A．low-hanging

B．high-demanding

C．bitter-tasting

D．long-standing

13.

A．belong to

B．contribute to

C．result from

D．go through

14.

A．recreate

B．modify

C．stimulate

D．predict

15.

A．presenting

B．examining

C．missing

D．confirming

2 . Companies like Arjuna are beginning to take action to deal with pay inequality, but it doesn't tell the full story of women's experience.

Microsoft's chief executive, Satya Nadella, earned bad fame for his ________ that women should not bother to ask for raises. ________ , he suggested in October 2014, they should have faith that the system will reward them appropriately. Stopping from asking for a raise, he added, is actually good.

When his remarks were greeted with anger, Nadella back-pedalled (出尔反尔) at the speed of light. Less than a year later, Microsoft was ________ by a former employee, Katie Moussouris , now chief policy officer at Hacker One, claiming gender prejudice.

Moussouris ________ that she was only one of a number of women at Microsoft who ________ less that their male colleagues. Moussouris also mentioned that can received preferential treatment in ________ and systematically received more favorable job reviews.

There is no way to know whether Moussouris's claims are ________ , because Microsoft does not disclose any data about the ________ to which men and women are paid differently for doing similar jobs. That may soon change, if Arjuna Capital succeeds in placing a(n) ________ before Microsoft's shareholders and convincing enough of them to vote in favor of it, thus requiring the company to ________ disclose that information for the first time and helping women make up their minds to require the ________ of the gender pay inequality.

Arjuna, the activist arm of Baldwin Brothers, an investment advisory firm, is ________ top technology firms, in search of precisely this information. Shareholders of eBays, Expedia,

Facebook and Google will vote on proposals that would ________ the creation of reports detailing the percentage of pay ________ between male and female employees, spelling out both firms' policies, in an attempt to address how the companies would set about closing or ________ that gap, and specific targets.

1.

A．dishonesty

B．advice

C．declaration

D．edition

2.

A．Initially

B．Therefore

C．Nevertheless

D．Instead

3.

A．accused

B．praised

C．cheated

D．threatened

4.

A．claimed

B．lied

C．required

D．guaranteed

5.

A．spent

B．earned

C．saved

D．wasted

6.

A．movements

B．expenses

C．promotions

D．resources

7.

A．secure

B．valuable

C．extensive

D．accurate

8.

A．content

B．extent

C．discussion

D．feedback

9.

A．resolution

B．emphasis

C．challenge

D．transform

10.

A．socially

B．quietly

C．personally

D．publicly

11.

A．improvement

B．enjoyment

C．reduction

D．emission

12.

A．referring

B．pointing

C．targeting

D．proving

13.

A．put out

B．result in

C．set up

D．rely on

14.

A．equality

B．dissatisfaction

C．protest

D．gap

15.

A．widening

B．narrowing

C．communicating

D．showing

3 . A recent study has shown that levels of _________ illness in children are rising. The study claims that mental problems such as depression and anxiety are affecting one in five _________. One of the reasons given for this is the current preoccupation (极其关注) of parents with their children’s _________.

Parents today consider the streets too dangerous for their children so children are taken from home to _________ and back, and their parents rarely let them go out _________ their own.

             This preoccupation has two causes: fear of _________ accidents and anxiety about child molesters (骚扰者) and murderers on the streets. Parents’ fears make their children anxious about the outside world and children in turn _________ the normal adventures of everyday life. _________, they don’t learn how to form _________ with other children. Anxiety makes children often become victims of bullies and their fears are, therefore, realized and even increased. It is a vicious (恶性的) __________.

It is a fact, however, that children could be experiencing these fears unnecessarily. __________ parents may think a child molester lurks (潜藏) round every corner, this is not __________ by statistics: very few children are attacked by people they don’t know.

The fear of traffic accidents is certainly more real but it is something that needs to be addressed by society in general. Some cities in the Netherlands, for example, have created traffic-free zones and pedes-trian-friendly zones, __________ cars, if allowed, must give priority to people and bicycles. Children can, therefore, play more safely in these areas.

There are, however, critics of this study. Many child psychologists believe that this lack of __________ is not enough to cause mental problems. They consider the problems more __________ to be a result of family breakdown in modern society.

1.

A．serious

B．mental

C．bodily

D．brief

2.

A．days

B．cases

C．youngsters

D．parents

3.

A．study

B．job

C．life

D．safety

4.

A．home

B．office

C．company

D．school

5.

A．by

B．on

C．for

D．with

6.

A．air

B．railway

C．traffic

D．sudden

7.

A．meet

B．take

C．miss

D．find

8.

A．In addition

B．In contrast

C．In fact

D．In particular

9.

A．habit

B．care

C．study

D．relationships

10.

A．circle

B．way

C．sign

D．source

11.

A．If

B．Where

C．While

D．What

12.

A．raised

B．supported

C．decided

D．improved

13.

A．with

B．when

C．whether

D．where

14.

A．courage

B．attention

C．focus

D．independence

15.

A．likely

B．like

C．probably

D．possibly

4 . The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sullivan, came to me. I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrasts between the two lives which it connects. It was the third of March, 1887, three months before I was seven years old.

On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, ________. I guessed vaguely from my mother's signs and from the hurrying to and from in the house that something unusual was about to happen, so I went to the door and waited on the steps. The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle that covered the porch, and fell on my upturned face. My fingers lingered almost ________ on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just ________ to greet the sweet southern spring. I did not know what the future held of ________ or surprise for me. Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor(倦怠)had ________ this passionate struggle.

Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet(铅锤) and sounding-line(测深索), and you waited with beating heart for something to happen? I was like that ________ before my education began, only I was without   ________ or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the ________ was. "Light! Give me light!" was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that very hour.

I felt approaching footsteps. I stretched out my hand as I would to my mother. Someone ________ it, and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to ________ all things to me, and more than all things else, to love me.

The morning after my teacher came she led me into her room and gave me a doll. The little blind children at the Perkins Institution had sent it and Laura Bridgman had dressed it; but I did not know this until ________. When I had played with it a little while, Miss Sullivan slowly spelled into my hand the word "d—o—l—l." I was at once interested in this finger play and tried to ________ it. When I finally succeeded in making the letters correctly I ________ with childish pleasure and pride. Running downstairs to my mother I held up my hand and made the letters for doll. I did not know that I was spelling a word or even that words existed; I was simply making my fingers go in monkey-like imitation. In the days that followed I learned to spell in this ________ way a great many words, among them pin, hat, cup and a few verbs like sit, stand and walk. But my teacher had been with me several weeks before I understood that everything has a ________.

1.

A．hesitant

B．reluctant

C．expectant

D．defendant

2.

A．consequently

B．unconsciously

C．deliberately

D．simultaneously

3.

A．come forth

B．brought about

C．left behind

D．hidden away

4.

A．panic

B．result

C．position

D．marvel

5.

A．succeeded

B．exposed

C．inherited

D．demonstrated

6.

A．fog

B．ship

C．shore

D．plummet

7.

A．compassion

B．compromise

C．compass

D．companion

8.

A．paradise

B．habitat

C．residence

D．harbor

9.

A．took

B．shook

C．clung

D．rescued

10.

A．share

B．devote

C．reveal

D．celebrate

11.

A．beforehand

B．backward

C．afterward

D．forward

12.

A．illustrate

B．exhibit

C．guess

D．imitate

13.

A．fluttered

B．flourished

C．flashed

D．flushed

14.

A．unrealistic

B．uncomprehending

C．unsurmountable

D．unproductive

15.

A．title

B．name

C．credit

D．role

5 . For the longest time, the predominant description about renewable energy featured awkward technologies, high costs, and burdensome allowance. In the _______ of strict and far-reaching policy changes, the chances for mass adoption seemed slim. Electric vehicles (EVs) simply couldn’t go the distance, and LED lights were unattractive and _______.

But now that these technologies have come of age, a new story is being written. Around the world, businesses, governments, and households are taking advantage of more cost-effective low-carbon technologies.

_______ advances in information technologies (IT), green solutions can be introduced into business operations successfully. And as public support for these technologies has grown, so have the _______ for scaling up to a fully sustainable energy system.

As in any rapid transition, a full understanding of what is happening has _______ events. Many present energy producers find it hard to believe that their world is undergoing a revolutionary change, so they insist that their heavily polluting technologies will remain _______ and necessary for some time to come. Journalists, too, describe the transition with a degree of _______, because it is their job to be suspicious. And politicians and regulators are cautious to adopt a new perspective, _______ they are already struggling to keep up with the pace of change in the energy industry.

To be sure, _______ doesn’t come without setbacks, as the recent growth in energy-related greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions shows. Yet there is no doubt that the future of energy will be __________ different from the recent past. In fact, the __________ is happening even faster than we think, for example, coal-fired power plants are shutting down faster than ever, and plans for new natural-gas plants are being replaced with more cost-effective wind and solar options. And as the shift toward renewables gains good trends, it will be easier for elected officials to pursue more climate-friendly policies and regulations, thereby creating a(n) __________ circle of change.

As the green transition comes of age, it will offer solutions to all of humanity’s energy needs, placing a clean, prosperous and secure low-carbon future well within reach. Yet even as we hug __________, we must not lose sight of the fact that climate change is speeding up. With GHG emissions __________ to rise, the future of humanity hangs in the balance. One hopes that the shift to __________ energy will tip the scale in our favor.

1.

A．license

B．absence

C．application

D．promotion

2.

A．invisible

B．unbelievable

C．inevitable

D．unaffordable

3.

A．Instead of

B．Owing to

C．In case of

D．According to

4.

A．resources

B．revolutions

C．prospects

D．priorities

5.

A．caught up with

B．compared with

C．taken place of

D．fallen behind

6.

A．relevant

B．inferior

C．synthetic

D．experimental

7.

A．mixture

B．caution

C．conflict

D．approval

8.

A．in case

B．so that

C．even though

D．the moment

9.

A．significance

B．invention

C．happiness

D．progress

10.

A．dramatically

B．economically

C．independently

D．equivalently

11.

A．interaction

B．modernization

C．motivation

D．transformation

12.

A．natural

B．potential

C．positive

D．original

13.

A．influence

B．optimism

C．estimation

D．extension

14.

A．starting

B．failing

C．emerging

D．continuing

15.

A．sustainable

B．traditional

C．available

D．industrial

6 . It's no secret that as a population, Americans have been getting heavier, but researchers now say that our weight problem may be worse than we thought.

In a study published in the journal PLOS One, lead author Dr. Eric Braverman says that our current measure of obesity -- body mass index, or BMI -- significantly _________ the number of people, especially women, who are obese.

Braverman and his co-author, Dr. Nirav Shah, studied 1,400 men and women, comparing their BMI measurement to their percentage of body fat, as measured by a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. While BMI is a simple ratio of a person’s height and weight, the DEXA scan-- which is normally used to measure body density (密度) -- can _________ between bone, fat and muscle mass.

Based on BMI, about one-third of Americans are considered obese, but when other methods of measuring obesity are used, that number may be _________ to 60% according to Braverman.

Physicians have complained for years that BMI is a(n) _________ measure of healthy weight. Extremely muscular people, _________ , may weigh “too much” for their height, since dense muscle mass weighs more than fat, thus qualifying as obese even if their bodies contain very little fat. Yet it’s not extra weight itself, but excess fat that _________ health problems.

“People aren’t being diagnosed as obese, so they’re not being told about their risk of disease or being given _________ on how to improve their health,” Braverman said. Data show that people who start to _________ pounds are more likely to continue getting heavier, increasing their risk for a number of diseases.

So why is BMI still being used, if it’s not _________? For now, it’s the best and easiest way for physicians to measure a person’s healthy weight while taking into account his or her general body __________. DEXA scans are far too expensive to be used as a __________ measure during doctor’s visits. BMI isn’t perfect, but many experts say it’s the best they have.

Still, as results like Braverman’s continue to __________, it may be time to consider other ways of tracking weight, and __________, body fat. “It’s important to point out the __________ of the BMI,” Dr.Richard Bergman, director of Cedars Sinai’s Obesity and Diabetes Research Institute in Los Angeles said. “It’s a poor measure of __________, and we do need better measures.”

1.

A．predicts

B．underestimates

C．increases

D．reduces

2.

A．compare

B．recognize

C．identify

D．distinguish

3.

A．closer

B．related

C．devoted

D．key

4.

A．important

B．imperfect

C．incredible

D．uncertain

5.

A．for example

B．in contrast

C．in addition

D．without doubt

6.

A．arises from

B．owes to

C．leads to

D．goes through

7.

A．views

B．orders

C．instruction

D．focus

8.

A．keep up

B．put on

C．set aside

D．break away

9.

A．right

B．recognizable

C．popular

D．precise

10.

A．structure

B．well-being

C．function

D．weight

11.

A．special

B．routine

C．scientific

D．decisive

12.

A．fill in

B．run out

C．go down

D．build up

13.

A．in particular

B．on occasion

C．after all

D．in all

14.

A．mistakes

B．failure

C．inferiority

D．weakness

15.

A．health

B．body

C．fatness

D．diseases

7 . Painting, the execution of forms and shapes on a surface by means of pigment, has been continuously practiced by humans for some 20,000 years. Together with other activities that may have been ritualistic in ________ but have come to be described as artistic, painting was one of the earliest ways in which man sought to express his own personality and his   understanding of abstract things. ________ music and dance, however, examples of early forms of painting have ________ to the present day. And painting, like other arts, exhibits ________ qualities that make it easy for viewers of all nations and civilizations to understand and appreciate.

The major existing examples of early painting anywhere in the world are found in Western Europe and the former Soviet Union. But some 5,000 years ago, the areas in which important paintings were executed ________ to the eastern Mediterranean Sea and neighboring regions. ________, Western painting shared a European cultural tradition.

Western painting is in general ________ by its concentration on the representation of the human ________, whether in the heroic context of antiquity or the ________ context of the early Christian and medieval world. The Renaissance(文艺复兴)   extended this tradition through a close examination of the natural world and an investigation of balance, harmony, and perspective in the visible world, ________ painting to the developing sciences of anatomy and optics. The first real break from figurative painting came with the growth of ________ painting in the 17^th and 18^th centuries. The landscape and figurative traditions developed together in the 19^th century in an atmosphere that was ________ concerned with “painterly” qualities of the _________ of light and color and the expressive qualities of paint handling.

In the 20^th century, these interests ________ the development of a third major tradition in Western painting, abstract painting, which sought to uncover and express the true ________ of paint and painting through action and form.

1.

A．source

B．resource

C．origin

D．birth

2.

A．As

B．Unlike

C．Like

D．Since

3.

A．persisted

B．progressed

C．survived

D．insisted

4.

A．unique

B．important

C．unusual

D．universal

5.

A．shifted

B．sampled

C．presented

D．exhibited

6.

A．Nevertheless

B．Moreover

C．However

D．Therefore

7.

A．separated

B．distinguished

C．offered

D．divided

8.

A．figure

B．shape

C．shadow

D．form

9.

A．cultural

B．religious

C．political

D．economic

10.

A．linking

B．separating

C．associating

D．expressing

11.

A．landscape

B．scenery

C．figure

D．oil

12.

A．less

B．increasingly

C．rarely

D．partly

13.

A．reaction

B．action

C．interaction

D．relation

14.

A．exposed to

B．added up to

C．contributed to

D．devoted to

15.

A．character

B．figure

C．nature

D．element

8 . Nothing seems more inevitable than aging and death-not even taxes. Every plant, animal and person you have ever seen will _______ die. But some recent research suggests that aging as we know it may not be inevitable. Indeed, as our _______ of it grows, aging can be seen not as an unchangeable reality from which there is no escape, but as the product of biological processes that we may be able to _______ someday.

We already know that some animals do not seem to age. Many cold-water ocean fish and some amphibians（两栖动物）never _______ a fixed size: they continue to grow bigger, to be able to reproduce and to live until something kills them. What these creatures seem to be telling us is that something in their _______ —and possibly in ours——controls the pace of aging, _______ that aging is not the fate of every living thing.

Throughout the history of life on earth, one of the most common difficulties that animals and their cells） have faced has been a lack of food. About 70 years ago, scientists discovered that when animals are forced to live on 30 to 40 percent fewer calories than they would _______ eat, something unusual happens; they become _______ to most age-related diseases --cancer, heart disease, diabetes —and live 30-50 percent longer. Restricting calories _______ aging. But what are the ________ genes that preserve vitality and starve off diseases?

About 15 years ago, armed with powerful new molecular-research technique, a few scientists began to ________ these genetic phenomena. They have discovered that a gene called Sir2—which is present in all animals, including humans —is ________ for the health benefits of calorie restriction perhaps by repairing our DNA. But if we had to restrict our calorie intake ________ 30 to 40 percent would it be of any practical use? Few of us would be capable of restricting our diets so severely that we were constantly ________. Whether or not it made life longer, it would surely make life ________ longer.

1.

A．suddenly

B．eventually

C．gradually

D．unexpectedly

2.

A．desire

B．feeling

C．fear

D．understanding

3.

A．develop

B．design

C．control

D．solve

4.

A．reach

B．acquire

C．need

D．display

5.

A．brains

B．environment

C．growth

D．genes

6.

A．but

B．or

C．and

D．nor

7.

A．rarely

B．occasionally

C．normally

D．mainly

8.

A．resistant

B．similar

C．essential

D．accessible

9.

A．quickens

B．slows

C．avoids

D．overcomes

10.

A．available

B．extra

C．specific

D．original

11.

A．investigate

B．illustrate

C．record

D．prove

12.

A．famous

B．generous

C．responsible

D．convenient

13.

A．on

B．to

C．in

D．by

14.

A．disappointed

B．depressed

C．starved

D．scared

15.

A．look

B．feel

C．live

D．become

9 . Almost all animals sleep, but do they dream? We certainly can't ask animals if they dream, but we can at least ________ the evidence that they might. There are two ways in which scientists have gone about this seemingly ________ task. One is to look at their physical behaviour during the various stages of the sleep cycle. The second is to see whether their sleeping brains work similarly to our own sleeping brains.

The story of how we ________ how to look into the minds of sleeping animals begins in the 1960s. Back then, reports began to appear in medical journals describing people acting out ________ in their dreams. This was curious, because during so-called REM sleep(rapid eye movement), our muscles are usually paralysed.

Researchers realised that causing a similar state in ________ could allow them to explore how they dream. In 1965, French scientists Michel Jouvet and J F Delorme found that removing a part of the brainstem, called the pons, from a cat's brain ________ it becoming paralysed when in REM. The researchers called the condition "REM without atonia" or REM-A. Instead of lying still, the cats walked around and behaved aggressively. This hinted they were dreaming of ________ from their waking hours.

________ movement is not the only way of looking into dreams, though. Researchers can now ________ look into the electrical and chemical activities of brain cells in animals while they sleep. In 2007, MIT scientists Kenway Louise and Matthew Wilson recorded the activity of neurons in a part of the rat brain called the hippocampus, a structure known to be involved in the formation and encoding of memories. They first recorded the activity of those brain cells while the rats ran in their mazes. Then they looked at the activity of the very same neurons while they slept. Louise and Wilson discovered similar patterns of firing during ________ and during REM. ________ , it was as if the rats were running the maze in their minds while they were sleeping. The results were so clear that the researchers could infer the rats' precise ________ within their mental dream mazes and map them to actual spots within the actual maze.

Does the behaviour of cats in science experiments actually ________ dreaming? Do rats have any subjective awareness that they' re running their mazes in their minds while they nap? We can say with a reasonable amount of ________ that the physiological and behavioural features of dreaming in humans have now been seen in cats, rats, and other animals. Yet what it's actually like to ________ a dream if you' re not human remains a mystery.

1.

A．foresee

B．cover

C．strengthen

D．observe

2.

A．disconnected

B．endless

C．uncomfortable

D．impossible

3.

A．made for

B．took over

C．worked out

D．turned down

4.

A．dialogues

B．ideals

C．movements

D．meanings

5.

A．animals

B．dreams

C．humans

D．changes

6.

A．imagined

B．prevented

C．appreciated

D．witnessed

7.

A．disasters

B．activities

C．successes

D．failures

8.

A．Physical

B．Accidental

C．Harmonious

D．Independent

9.

A．randomly

B．reluctantly

C．unconsciously

D．humanely

10.

A．sleeping

B．running

C．recording

D．studying

11.

A．To sum up

B．By comparison

C．For example

D．In other words

12.

A．location

B．prediction

C．moment

D．nature

13.

A．account for

B．rely on

C．qualify as

D．differ from

14.

A．doubt

B．certainty

C．specification

D．memory

15.

A．explain

B．explore

C．experience

D．experiment

10 . Innovation Isn’t an Idea Problem

When most organizations try to increase their innovation efforts, they always seem to start from the same assumption: “we need more ideas.” However, innovation isn’t prevented by a lack of ideas, but rather a lack of noticing the good ideas already there. It’s a________problem, not an idea problem.

Consider a well-known example from history. Xerox developed the first personal computer, but didn’t_______ enough in the technology and allowed Steve Jobs and Apple to snatch the opportunity away.

This isn’t just a fun example of smart people and established companies being________; it actually reflects a bias(偏见) against new and creative ideas when we're faced with even small amounts of________.That's the implications of a study by a team of researchers led by Wharton’s Jennifer Mueller. The research team divided participants into two groups and created a small level of uncertainty in one group by telling them they would be qualified for additional payment based on a________lottery(彩票) of participants. The researchers didn't give specifics around how their chance for additional payment would work, but it was enough to yield some feelings of uncertainly within the group.

The participants were then given two tests. The first test was designed to judge their implicit perceptions(隐式知觉) about creativity and practicality. Participants were shown two sets of word pairs created by combining words that reflected creativity or practicality with words that________a positive or negative meaning, and then were asked to select their preferred phrase. The second test was designed to specifically survey their feelings toward new, creative ideas. In this test, participants were simply asked to________their feelings toward creativity and practicality on a scale from I to 7.The researchers found that those exposed to a small amount of uncertainty said they________creativity, but actually favored the practical word pairings over the creative pairings.

If such a(n)________bias against creativity is present in times of uncertainly, it might explain why so many_______ innovations were initially rejected. The same uncertainty that triggers the need for companies to innovate may also be triggering executives to be rejecting the discoveries that could help them gain a competitive________

One possible solution to this “idea killing” problem is to change the________ideas have to move through. Instead of using the traditional hierarchy（等级制度）to find and approve ideas the________process could be spread across the whole organization. That’s the approach Rhode Island-based Rite-Solutions has taken for almost a decade. Rite-Solutions has set up an “idea market” on their internal website where anyone can post an idea and volunteer to work on project ideas they support. The program not only has produced huge gains for the company, but has created a(n)________where new ideas are recognized and developed throughout the entire company, a democratization(民主化) of recognition.________, it’s a system based on the assumption that everyone in the company already has great ideas and the market just makes them better at finding those ideas. It’s not an idea-solution; it’s a recognition-solution.

1.

A．principle

B．recognition

C．prediction

D．communication

2.

A．engage

B．participate

C．progress

D．invest

3.

A．wise

B．funny

C．wrong

D．proud

4.

A．uncertainty

B．fancy

C．imagination

D．risk

5.

A．conscious

B．random

C．deliberate

D．innovative

6.

A．explained

B．discovered

C．conveyed

D．hid

7.

A．describe

B．select

C．recognize

D．rate

8.

A．valued

B．maintained

C．abandoned

D．rejected

9.

A．casual

B．negative

C．original

D．weak

10.

A．expensive

B．private

C．notable

D．public

11.

A．advantage

B．world

C．spirit

D．technology

12.

A．staff

B．mind

C．crowd

D．structure

13.

A．thought

B．design

C．approval

D．business

14.

A．culture

B．impression

C．regulation

D．game

15.

A．After all

B．As a rule

C．As a result

D．In addition