To understand how “modern art" began, a little historical background can be helpful. There was a rapidly increasing change in the 19th century. As     1     result of the Industrial Revolution (工业革命), great changes in manufacturing (制造业), transport, and technology began     2    (affect) how people lived, worked, and traveled throughout Europe and America.

These industry-inspired social changes led to not only greater prosperity (繁荣) but also     3     (crowd) living conditions for most workers. In turn, this led to the demand for the architecture, the demand for applied art and design and the appearance of wealthy businessmen     4     became art collectors and supporters. Many of the world's best art museums     5    (establish) by these successful businessmen in the 19th century.

Besides, two other     6     (invent) had a direct effect     7     fine art of the period. First, in 1841, the American painter John Rand invented the tin paint tube. Second, major advances were made in photography (摄影),    8     (allow) artists to take photos of views which could then help     9     (they) paint in the studio at a later date. Both of the developments would     10     (great) benefit a new style of painting known as "Impressionism”, which would have a huge influence upon how artists painted the world around them.

When in 1984 I. M. Pei, then the most sought-after architect in America,    1    ( present) his plans for a 70-foot glass pyramid in the l8th-century courtyard of the Louvre, the general     2     (react) was anger. Because Mr. Pei was Chinese-American, he    3    ( apparent) had no understanding of the Louvre, or Paris, or France.

However, these remarks did not annoy him. With quick enthusiasm and wide smiles, he took them. He had been asked to design    4    new entrance for the museum and,    5    everyone's surprise, instead of adding on some concrete block, he had created a great welcoming space: put a winding staircase underground and capped it with a ray of light,    6     did not hurt the old facades (外墙).

When he was a child, his imagination    7    ( shape) by his family’s ancient gardens at Suzhou in Jiangsu. There, he would wander winding    8    ( path ) through fantastic rocks towards pavilions (亭子),unconsciously    9     (absorb) the beauty of the surroundings.

Mr. Pei built a hotel complex at Fragrant Hill outside Beijing, after returning to China in 1974. He regarded this as a chance    10    ( bring) the Chinese away from their dull eastern European blocks and back to the domestic traditions they had lost.

Of all the traditional festivals, the harvest festival can     1    (find) in almost every culture. This important agricultural festival     2    (take) place after all the crops have been gathered     3    . People celebrate to show     4     they are     5    (gratitude) for the year’s supply of food. In ancient Egypt, the harvest festival was celebrated during the springtime—the Egyptian harvest season. It featured a parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports. Today, in some European countries, people decorate churches and town halls     6     flowers and fruit, and get together     7    (celebrate) over     8     meal. During the Mid-Autumn Festival in China,     9    (family) gather to admire the     10    (shine) moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes totally worth it.

Have you ever asked yourself why children go to school? You will    1    ( probable) say that they go to school to learn languages, maths, history, science and some other knowledge. That is quite true, but    2    do they learn these things?

We send our children to school    3    ( prepare) them for the time when they will be big and will have to work for themselves. Nearly everything they study at school has some practical use in their life. But is that    4    only reason why they go to school?

There is    5    ( many) in education than just     6    (learn) truth. We go to school to learn how to learn, so that when we have left school we can continue to learn. A man who really knows how to learn will always be    7    (success )，because when he has to do something new, he will not only be able to do it well himself, but also be able to teach others how to do it in the best way. The uneducated person,     8    the other hand, is either unable to do something new, or just    9    (do) it badly. The purpose of schools, therefore,is not to teach languages, maths, history, science, etc., but also teach    10    ( pupil) the way to learn.

Now, imagine the influence it would have on you to surround yourself with interesting and positive people. When someone has something interesting     1     (go) on in his life, he wakes up in morning     2     energy and enthusiasm(热情). These are the kind of people     3     are going to fill you up with great attitudes and behavior.

Anyone who is following their dreams has taken a risk himself and is confident that things will work out for him. These people are hopeful about their futures and are willing to do     4     is necessary to get things done. That's the exact kind of attitude and behavior you need to be exposed to on a regular     5     (base).

As you watch how they push themselves and do interesting things, you     6     (encourage) to do similar things. You'll start to wonder and imagine all the things you can do with your own life. Moreover, interesting people tend to fill their heads with new ideas and ways of seeing the world. As they expose     7     (they) to new books and ideas, they will share them with you.

As you can see, social norms(规范) formed by groups have a     8     (power) influence over the type of person you become.     9     (fortunate), it doesn't always have to be a bad thing. If you make sure to surround yourself with positive and interesting people, there is no telling how greatly     10     influence will shape your life.

Confucius is honored for setting the tone for much traditional Chinese music     1    thousands of years. He     2     (think) to be a great educator. However, he is also a     3    (talent) musician who was able to play several instruments expertly. Perhaps nowadays for people around the world, music is meant mainly for amusement.     4    during the time of the Zhou Dynasty about 500 B. C., music     5    (have) an important role in making the society stable(稳定).

How music was used and performed is expressed in several main Confucian books. Confucius taught that     6    (educate) somebody, you should start with poems, emphasize propriety(礼节), and finish with music.

Musical knowledge was     7     matter of higher learning. It is said that among the six most important subjects to study, he ranked music higher than the other five necessary subjects like writing and mathematics.

Music was important because in ancient China, the ideal society was to be governed mainly by ritual(礼制) functions, and in a culture     8     people behaved according to ritual, music was used to help govern them. So music wasn't     9    (real) entertainment (娱乐), but a means for the ruler to accomplish political and social goals. Music is eventually(最终) a means of realizing social     10    (happy).