The first zoo was established around 3,500 years ago by an Egyptian queen for her     1     (person) enjoyment. Five hundred years later, a Chinese emperor built a huge zoo to show his power and wealth. Later zoos were set up for the purpose of     2     (study) animals .

Some of the early European zoos consisted of dark holes or dirty cages, the bad conditions of     3     made people disgusted (厌恶的). Later the zoos     4    (replace) by research centers and animals there were studied and kept in good condition. These places became the first modern zoos. As early as the 1940s, scientists understood that many kinds of wild animals were faced     5     extinction. Since then, zoos have been trying to save many endangered species, but relying on zoos     6     (save) species, is not enough. The best method of protection is to leave them in their natural habitat.

Today animals in large and natural reserves (保护区) are fed with a balanced diet and are watched     7     (careful) for any sign of disease. With specially trained     8     (keep) looking after them and some hospitals where they can receive treatment when ill, all the animals there live     9     comfortable life. Anyway,     10     is true that zoo breeding programs have played an important role in the attempt to save many species of wildlife.

“Don’t judge     1     book by its cover,” the old saying goes. Unfortunately, now teenagers always have some dark thoughts about their physical appearance. Standards of beauty in the media can have a big influence     2     what they think of their appearance. Teenagers     3     want to copy the looks of their favourite stars will end up     4     (feel) worse about themselves. Besides, their friends with model­like good looks also influence the way in     5     they view their physical appearance.

However, there     6     (be) certainly ways to deal with these external influences. First, it’s wrong     7     (follow) popular standards     8     (blind). It’s very important to accept what you are. Second, teenagers should believe that they are unique and that     9     (they) family and friends love them just the way they are. Finally, try to direct the attention away from negative thoughts. What they should do is to take pride in what they do well instead of worrying about     10     (thing) they cannot change.

Joseph is a teacher in New York. He gives lessons to     1    (he) students about American history. But he was born     2     Kenya, an African country where the children lead a very different life. For example, a ten-year-old boy may spend     3    (much) time in taking care of cows than studying at school. The children also learn many     4    (skill) like how to live in the wild.

Unlike many other children, Joseph went to school. And     5    (lucky), when he was 15, he came     6    (study) in America and then became a teacher. Joseph has written     7     book called Facing the Lion. In the book, he talks about his childhood. He thinks     8     is very important for American children to learn about the cultural differences between their country     9     the others. He also thinks children should learn to be strong and full of hope. Now Joseph     10    (do) a project, hoping that it will help children face their own “lions”.

Willis Carrier     1     (design) the first air-conditioning unit in 1902, just a year after     2     (earn) his master's degree in engineering from Cornell University. At a Brooklyn printing plant, changes in heat and humidity (湿度) were causing the size of the printing paper to keep changing slightly, making     3     hard to arrange different colours. With Carrier's invention, temperature and humidity levels could     4     (control), so the problem was solved. The invention also allowed industries such as those of film, processed food, and textiles     5     (improve) the quality of their products.

In 1914, the first air conditioner was put in a private house. However, it took up too much space, and later models cost too much for most people. Cooling for human comfort, rather than industrial needs,     6     (actual) took off when three air conditioners were set up in the J.L. Hudson Department Store in Detroit, Michigan. People crowded into the shop to experience the new invention. The fashion spread from department stores to cinemas, whose income rose steeply (急剧地) as a result     7     the comfort they provided. According to research     8     (conduct) in the 1950s, air conditioning increased productivity amongst     9     (employee).

Jed Brown,     10     is an environmentalist, complains that air conditioning is a cause of global warming. However, he has to admit that it provides a healthier environment for many people in the heat of summer.

The most ancient myths involve the 10 legendary kings or gods who guided people through     1     (they) prehistoric beginnings (around 3000 to 2197 BC). They were demigods (half god and half human),     2     (live) among the people to teach them the rules of civilization. Fushi was     3     first ruler of this magical period. Many scholars believe that his story is based     4     an actual monarch who lived sometime between 2953 and 2736 BC. In all the many variations of these mythological     5     (story), Fushi has been described as a beloved character     6     helped the early humans survive. He     7     (teach) people how to use fire, how to cook, how to write, and many other     8     (use) skills like hunting, fishing, and fortune-telling. Some myths describe Fushi as having the body of a human     9     others describe him as having the head of a human and the body of a snake. In many tales, he and Nuwa are the creators of civilization and they     10     (regard) as husband and wife.

Tu Youyou, 84, was the first Chinese female scientist to win a Nobel Prize in science. She     1     (honor) for developing artemisinin（青蒿素） that has saved millions of lives worldwide. Tu and her colleagues joined a government project     2     (find) a new malaria drug in the late 1960s. In 1971, after more than 190 failures, Tu’s team     3     (final) found a chemical that was 100 percent effective against malaria — artemisinin. In 2001, the World Health Organization made artemisinin its first choice in the treatment of malaria.

A     1     (major) of young Chinese are taking scientists such as Yuan Longping, known as “the father of hybrid rice”, as their idols, with many of them     2     (want) to pass on their spirit, a recent survey（调查）found.

The nationwide survey, conducted in Beijing by China Youth Daily, interviewed 1,630 people aged 14 to 35 and found that 81% said they     3     (encourage) by the stories of the top scientists and wanted to become scientists     4     (they).

Yuan died     5     the age of 91 in Changsha, Hunan province, on May 22.

The survey also found that the “spirit of scientists” included love for the country and a willingness     6     (serve) the people, the courage and efforts to reach     7     (science) breakthroughs.

Huang Chong, the head of the social investigation（调查）center at China Youth Daily     8     led the survey, said the findings were unexpected.

Huang had not expected to find that in the internet age,     9     online celebrities attract much attention and quickly gain fame and benefits, so many young people would want to become scientists-a somewhat low-key occupation that requires long hours of hard work, for which rewards come     10     (slow).

Don’t brag(炫耀), but be proud of what you have done. These two pieces of advice     1     (be) tough to balance before Facebook existed. Even today’s share-it-all social media haven’t made     2     any easier. We are     3     (able) to draw a line between a humble bragging and a straight-up bragging. But we certainly know that oversharing doesn’t do your friendship any favors.

Social media like Facebook bring us     4     (convenient). Meanwhile, they can put us     5     danger of oversharing. Once upon a time, only your family and close friends would be there     6     (see) you eagerly open presents on Christmas morning. Now the photo     7     you take on your iPhone will likely become a touch-up Instagram in about 15 seconds. Maybe you just post it subconsciously. But your sharing behavior could     8     (easy) be considered annoying or even narcissistic(自恋的).

To post or not to post? Maybe we should all be asking     9     (we) the question before hitting the share button. As our personal fame grows alongside our social media presences, so     10     (do) the number of people we could potentially(潜在地) impress or bother.