1 . How much sleep do we need? It’s a fundamental question about a basic human function we’ve been practicing for long, but there’s still no simple answer. But whether you’re a morning or evening person could be guided by your genes. That said, your sleeping pattern will change naturally with age, which is also reflected in the National Sleep Foundation recommendations: it suggests 14-17 hours of shuteye a day for newborn babies and only 7-8 hours for over-65s.

But scientists said it’s about more than simple duration. Teens and people in their early 20s do want to go to bed later and get up later too, something researchers suggest might be to do with changing hormones(荷尔蒙). “On average, there’s about a two-hour difference in preferred sleep times of somebody in their late teens or early twenties to somebody in their late 50s or early 60s,” he said. “So asking a teenager to get up at 7 o’ clock in the morning is the equivalent of asking a 55-year-old to get up at five in the morning.”

At the end of the day, the best way to measure how much sleep you each need is to listen to your own body. Do you rely on an alarm clock to wake up? Do you take a long time to feel awake? Are you dependent on coffee drinks to keep you focused during the day? Are you overly impulsive(冲动的) or do you find yourself running a lot of traffic lights, for instance? All these could be signs that you’re not getting enough sleep.

And that, we know today, is bad. The environment can affect your sleep preferences but your genes stay. Scientists said that the understanding of the importance of sleep was “one of the great achievements of modern neuroscience(神经科学),” and that society was moving away from the all-nighter culture to respect the need for sleep.

1. What’s the writer’s intention of writing the passage?

A．To report his research results.	B．To express the importance of sleep.
C．To list some sleeping patterns.	D．To persuade people to have enough sleep.

2. What would not change according to the passage?

A．Age.	B．Genes.
C．Hormones.	D．Sleeping pattern.

3. What does the underlined word “that’ in the last paragraph refer to?

A．Not getting enough sleep.	B．Listening to your own body.
C．Running a lot of traffic lights.	D．Not understanding of the importance of sleep.

4. Which is the best title for the passage?

A．Sleeping Patterns

B．The Importance of Sleep

C．A Great Achievement of Neuroscience

D．Different People Need Different Amounts of Sleep

2 . People made wings and strapped them to their arms. They flapped their arms but couldn’t fly. They built gliders(滑翔机), light aircraft with wings. Some didn’t work, but some did.

The gliders that worked had special wings. These wings were arched on both the top and the bottom. The air pulled the wings from above and pushed the wings from below. When the wings went up, so did the glider! Arched wings help create a force called lift. Lift is the force that keeps the gliders in the air.

Most gliders have long, thin wings. The wings create enough lift to carry the aircraft and its passengers. Gliders usually ride currents of air the same way a hawk soars(飞翔).

Gliders are very light, and long wings and air currents can give them enough lift to fly. But to carry more than just a passenger or two, an aircraft needs a lot more lift. The question is: How do you create more lift?

The engine is the answer!

The engine is a machine that changes energy into movement. The forward movement that an airplane needs to fly is called thrust. More thrust makes an airplane move forward faster. Moving faster creates more lift. And with more lift, an airplane can carry more weight so an aircraft with an engine can carry passengers or cargo.

In 1903 the Wright brothers figured out how to get wings and an engine to work together in order to give an airplane enough thrust to fly. They made the first powered flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.

Since then people have made airplanes that can fly faster than sound can travel. They have made airplanes that can fly all the way around the world without stopping.

Today, thousands of people travel in airplanes every day. People really have learned how to fly!

1. If a flyer wants to stay in the air, it needs enough ________.

A．lift	B．thrust
C．wings	D．engines

2. What made the flyers moving forward in the sky?

A．The air.	B．The lift.
C．The thrust.	D．The wind.

3. An airplane can carry heavy weight and fly very fast mostly because of ________.

A．the lift	B．the thrust
C．the sound	D．the engine

4. The whole passage mainly tells us ________.

A．how gliders were built	B．how important the engine was
C．how people learned to fly	D．how the first airplane was made

3 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

A terrible fire began to burn at France’s world-famous Notre-Dame de Paris Cathedral (巴黎圣母院)    1    the evening of April 15. Flames could be seen rising through the top of the monument.     2    (it) tall, narrow top later fell down. It took 15 hours for 400 French firefighters     3    (put) out the fire.     4    (fortunate), the main stone structure, including the two bell towers, has been saved, but there is little information on the condition of the cathedral’s glass windows and paintings.

Notre-Dame     5    (date) back to the 12th century. French writer Victor Hugo used it as the setting of his famous story, The Hunchback of Notre-Dame,    6    was first published in 1831. Sitting in the center of Paris, along the Seine River, Notre-Dame is one of the world’s most famous tourist     7    (site). About 12 million people visit it each year.

One man said, “Notre-Dame     8    (destroy) but the soul of France was not.” French President Emmanuel Macron promised that Notre-Dame would be rebuilt and asked for worldwide help repairing it. Many countries offered assistance, because Notre-Dame is part of the     9     (culture) heritage of mankind and     10    symbol for Europe.

4 . In 1949, I just returned home from the war. On every American highway you could see soldiers in uniform hitchhiking (搭便车) home to their families, as was the ___at that time in America.

___, the excitement of this reunion with my family soon disappeared. My mother became very ill and had to be in hospital. The doctors told me she ___a blood transfusion (输血)   ___or she wouldn’t live through the night. The problem was that Mother’s blood type was AB-, a very ___type even today, but even harder to get then because there were no blood ___ or air flights to ship blood. All the family members had their ___tested, but none was a   ___. So the doctors gave the family no hope. My mother was ___.

I left the hospital ___to gather up all the family members, ___everyone would get a chance to tell Mother good-bye. ___down the highway, I passed a soldier in uniform hitch-hiking home to his family. Deep in sadness, I had no willingness at that moment to do a good deed. Yet it was almost as if something outside myself pulled me to a ___, and I waited as the stranger climbed into the car.

I was too upset to ___ask the soldier his name, but he noticed my tears right away and asked why. I told this total stranger ___.

It got very ___in the car. Then this soldier reached his hand out to me, in which rested the dog tags (身份识别证) from around his neck. The blood type on the tags was AB-. The soldier   ___me to turn the car ___and get him to the hospital.

My mother ___until 1996, and to this day no one in our family knows the soldier’s name. But I have often wondered, was he a soldier or a(n) ___in uniform?

1.

A．concern

B．custom

C．view

D．disadvantage

2.

A．Surprisingly

B．Obviously

C．Sadly

D．Disappointedly

3.

A．wanted

B．asked

C．needed

D．desired

4.

A．immediately

B．gradually

C．frequently

D．actually

5.

A．valuable

B．common

C．magical

D．rare

6.

A．banks

B．shops

C．hospitals

D．factories

7.

A．body

B．blood

C．health

D．identity

8.

A．success

B．perfection

C．possibility

D．match

9.

A．crying

B．dying

C．suffering

D．bursting

10.

A．on purpose

B．in peace

C．in relief

D．in tears

11.

A．so that

B．in case

C．as though

D．if only

12.

A．Driving

B．Walking

C．Removing

D．Wondering

13.

A．road

B．stop

C．place

D．route

14.

A．ever

B．even

C．never

D．already

15.

A．anything

B．something

C．everything

D．nothing

16.

A．peaceful

B．calm

C．active

D．quiet

17.

A．commanded

B．allowed

C．told

D．persuaded

18.

A．away

B．in

C．around

D．down

19.

A．lived

B．died

C．recovered

D．disappeared

20.

A．stranger

B．rescuer

C．lover

D．angel

5 .

Science for Kids This month’s most popular books.
1. Women in Science by Rachel Ignotofsky Price $25 We all know the story of Marie Curie and her many scientific achievements. But many other brilliant female scientists are far less well known. This book is a great introduction to the lives and works of some of the most important and up-to-now unknown women in science. Recommended for Ages: 12-15 【Order Now »】	Special Offer For this month only, all Besthooks Book Club members will pay 20% less for every book ordered. Join our club for free and save big money! Delivery We bring every book you order right to your door within three days. For Bestbooks Book Club members, this is free. Non-members must pay an extra $2 per book.
2. First Big Book of How by Jill Esbaum Price $15 An excellent book about sea life for young children. The book is divided into 4 parts, one for each of the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian and Arctic oceans. It focuses on the different animals found in each of these seas, along with interesting facts and amazing pictures. Ages: 5-10 【Order Now »】
3. A Really Short History of Nearly Everything by Bill Bryson Price $15 Bill Bryson takes readers on a very funny and educational trip through the history of modern science-from its unexpected successes to its great failures and everything in between. Ages: 14 and over 【Order Now »】
4. National Geographic’s First Big Book of the World by Jan Carn. Price $20 This book is the perfect introduction to the seven continents. It tells young readers about the different animals that live on each of these lands and gives a simple descnption of the people’s history and culture. Ages: 5-12 【Order Now »】

1. How are the books on this webpage listed?

A．By price.	B．By popularity.
C．By reader’s age.	D．By writer’s name.

2. How much will a Bestbooks Book Club member pay in total if he orders First Big Book of How and A Really Short History of Nearly Everything today?

A．$24.	B．$26.
C．$30.	D．$34.

3. A primary school student who needs to write a science report about African elephants should choose ________.

A．Women In Science

B．First Big Book of How

C．A Really Short History of Nearly Everything

D．National Geo-graphic’s First Big Book of the World

4. What is the main purpose of this web page?

A．To sell books to young readers.

B．To attract new book club members.

C．To encourage students’ interest in science.

D．To review books young readers might like.