1 . 当前人们的旅游方式多种多样，有人选择团队游，有人选择自助游。请参考下面表格中的提示，介绍你喜欢的旅游方式，并说明你的理由。

团队游(package tour)	自助游(self-organized tour)
花销少，有导游服务	自由随意
易结交朋友	可调整行程
不够自由	需自理食宿

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2 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. belief          B. discourage       C. choices       D. issue        AB. try     AC. characterize AD. demonstrate       BC. ensure        BD. incomparable     CD. opposing     ABC. responsible

The unique features of colleges and universities in the U.S. are hardly shared by their competitors in Europe or Asia. Many foreign students are attracted not only to the academic programs at a particular U.S. college but also to the larger community, which affords the chance for them to absorb the surrounding culture. Clubs, sports teams, student publications and drama societies     1     colorful and enjoyable American campus life. However, few foreign universities put much emphasis on this. “In people’s minds, the campus and the American university are both admirable,” says Brown University President Vartan Gregorian. “In America people have a strong     2     that a student’s daily life is as important as his learning experience.”

Foreign students also come in search of     3    . America’s menu of options—research universities, state institutions, private liberal-arts schools, community colleges, religious institutions—is     4    . No any single European country can offer such variety. “In Europe,” says history professor Jonathan Steinberg, who has taught at both Harvard and Cambridge, “there is only one system, and that is it.” From the beginning, students overseas usually are required to     5     professional skills in a specific field, whether law or philosophy or chemistry. Most American universities insist that students have a(n)     6     on natural and social sciences, languages and literature before choosing a field of concentration.

Such     7     philosophies grow out of different traditions and power structures. In Europe and Japan, universities are     8     only to a ministry of education, which sets academic standards and provides money.

Centralization (集权化) is likely to     9     that all students are equipped with roughly the same resources and perform at roughly the same level. On the other hand, It may also     10     the testing of different ideas. “When they make mistakes, they make big ones,” says Robert Rosenzweig, president of the Association of American Universities. “They set a system in wrong directions, and it’s like piloting a super ship.”

3 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, used one word that best fits each blank.

A poet, painter, and architect, as well as a sculptor, Michelangelo Buonarroti famously said, “T saw the angel in the marble and carved until I set him free”. He was considered the greatest artist of his time and is still seen as one of the greatest of all time. And one of his marvelous works stretches across the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, which     1    (get) the annual checkup right now. For a whole month each year, from 5:30 to midnight, when all the tourists are gone, a team from the Vatican comes in to clean up, check for damage and report on the health of some of The world's most treasured art. It’s a painstaking process: scaffolding must be erected and taken down each night and     2    not be attached to the walls to avoid damaging the paintings.

One of the biggest problems of the Sistine Chapel is humidity. 25,000 visitors a day posed a risk for the paintings. When we visit the Sistine Chapel, we bring in humidity and we heat the environment like a bulb, 80-watt bulb. To combat humidity, there are 30 hidden sensors     3     (measure) temperature, air circulation and the number of visitors in the chapel.

The famous frescoes painted in this chapel are over 500 years. Back then, there was no artificial lighting. And being the pope's private chapel, far fewer people came through here as well. So cleaning and restoration wasn't really a priority then. Today, with new technology and lighting, not only     4    (be) there better cleaning but it also has revealed to restorers the true colors used by Michelangelo.

After a cleaning and restoration in the 1990s the world was shocked     5    (discover) that Michelangelo actually used vivid greens, purples and reds because for centuries it was assumed that he painted in dark, subdued tones. But that was only the accumulation of dirt and grime.     6    you're in the Sistine Chapel, look out for little black marks, squares and triangles on some of the paintings. They're called witnesses, deliberately     7    (leave) as evidence for future restorers to give an idea of just how dark the paintings were before.

    8    (make) sure the colors stay vibrant, a color team measures any changes to tone by taking pictures of the frescoes with a multi-wavelength camera     9    is then analyzed by a computer. Dr, Fabio Morresi is in charge of color analysis, t4We can see the color of every single pixel and compare it throughout the years. It's important because we can detect any changes even before they are visible     10    the human eye. "

4 . Can I train myself to need less sleep?

As an experiment for his high-school science fair in 1964, a 17-year-old San Diego boy named Randy Gardner stayed awake for 264 hours. That is 11 days. The project attracted the attention of the Stanford sleep researchers William Dement. Dement and other researchers took turns watching and assessing the young man's consciousness.     1     Nor did he seem to suffer any permanent setbacks. Dement said that on day 10, Gardner even beat him at pinball.

I asked David Dinges, the chief of the division of sleep at the University of Pennsylvania, how many people could do anything close to that without dying. He replied that "when animals are sleep- deprived constantly, they will suffer serious biological consequences. Death is one of those consequences”.

That said_, cases like Gardner's--- of people who suffered great sleep deprivation without major setbacks--are well documented.     2     Dinges said that "we probably do have people among us—and not necessarily 1 percent; there may be many more than that—who can actually tolerate sleep loss better than others." This proposition has been borne out in studies of participants in transoceanic sailing races, which did not afford them the luxury of long blocks of sleep.     3    

The concept of sleeping in short bursts has spread since those races began, in the 1960s. Today, a small global community of people practices "polyphasic sleeping”，based on the idea that by dividing your sleep into short bursts, you can get away with less of it.

    4       And he notes that even for the 1 percent (or so) who can survive on less sleep and function well cognitively, we still don't know how the practice might be affecting metabolism, mood, and many other factors. ^“ You may be cheerful, but not cognitively fit. Or you may be cognitively fit, but hard to be around because you’re pushy or hyperactive.

A．The winners tended to be the people who slept the least, often in multiple short bursts.

B．The crucial finding was that throughout their time in the study, the sixers thought they were functioning perfectly well.

C．A small number of people, sometimes called "short sleepers” and commonly thought to make up perhaps 1 percent of the population, seem to survive on only four or five hours a night.

D．But when the doctor put patients in a lab to make certain they stayed awake, performance suffered.

E．Though it is possible to train oneself to sleep in short bursts instead of a single nightly block, Dinges says it does not seem possible to train oneself to need less sleep per 24-hour cycle.

F．By all accounts, he took no stimulant medications.

5 . Directions: Complete the following passages with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once and can be capitalized. There is one extra word which you don’t need.

Are You Ready for Your 15 Minutes (or More) of Fame?

A. respond	B. typically	C. minority	D. quote	E. quality
F. posted	G. purposeful	H. achieve	I. eventually	J. accidental

CHENG YUNFU has been quietly making noodles in his small Shandong village for the past fifteen years. During that time he hasn’t raised the price; it’s still 3 yuan a bowl. However, someone     1     a video online about Cheng and his cheap noodles and, overnight, the 39-year-old man became an internet celebrity. Thousands of people have visited the village, some of them having traveled for hundreds of miles, just to meet Cheng and eat his noodles.

“In the future, everyone will be world-famous for 15 minutes.” This celebrated     2     appeared in a 1968 exhibition of American artist Andy Warhol’s work in Stockholm. This prediction has, in many respects, come true in an era when there are so many channels by which an individual might     3     fame (although it is the type of fame which may not endure for very long). You could be one post away from becoming the next celebrity. Sometimes this fame can open doors to other opportunities, but sometimes it can be cruel and frightening.

Unlike Cheng and his     4     fame, more people are using online platforms such as Weibo and Bilibili to become “intentional” celebrities. Some of them, such as Papi and Li Ziqi, have become internet sensations (引起轰动的人). These two celebrities, alongside other household names, are considered KOLs (key opinion leaders). A KOL is     5     a person who has “expert product knowledge and influence in a particular field.” He or she is “trusted by relevant groups” and has “a significant effect on consumer behavior.” When it comes to internet celebrity, Papi and Li Ziqi are only in the     6     as success is much harder to achieve than it would appear at first glance. Being a KOL seems to be fun and easy, but it’s actually hard work. You have to be knowledgeable and interesting, and be able to have to make     7     videos and post new ones regularly. In other words, not everyone is qualified to do this job.

There is also the problem of losing your privacy and facing criticism from your fans. Those who follow internet celebrities may come to believe they are your closest friends and get angry when you don’t     8     to their comments or emails. As one celebrity said, “Your fans will love you until they kill you.” When Cheng became a celebrity, he was frightened by all the attention he was receiving and hid in his home for a week. But     9    , he came to accept his instant fame. But he will probably be happier when his celebrity status dies down and enables him, not to become an influencer, but to return to the quiet life of selling his cheap and delicious noodles to his neighbors.

6 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word. Fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

A “Growth Mindset” Can Lead to Success

The most successful people are fond of telling us about their passion for their professions. And passion has been believed to be essential to not only their success, but also their happiness.

Unfortunately,     1     some people have a clear “calling” from a young age, many still leave education without knowing their vocation in life. They may spend their whole life without having ever discovered a career that truly     2     (interest) them. In the past ten years, the researcher     3     (demonstrate) that some people tend to see their abilities as “fixed”—they believe that they are either born with a talent for something or they don’t have it completely. What can they do?

Some answers come from the work of Paul O’Keefe. In his mindset theory, the most basic foundation of passion is having an intense interest in     4     you’re doing. Meanwhile, people also have the capacity to cultivate new interests outside their normal fields.     5     (consider) arts students looking at a piece about science, or “techy” students reading an article on literary criticism(文学评论).     6     the students have very little initial curiosity about the subject, with the growth mindset, they will change their ratings of the interest in that new subject after reading the piece.

In addition, a person’s mindset can also determine how long they would be interested in more difficult content and     7     they would plan to deal with the content or not. In one experiment, after     8    (show) a video about black holes, people had to read a challenging academic paper on the subject. The people with the growth mindset maintained their interest: they were     9     (willing) to know about the black holes despite the difficulties of grasping the technical material. By contrast, the flame of interest quickly burnt out in those with the fixed mindset. “Within the span of seven minutes they went from saying ‘this is fascinating’     10    saying ‘no, I’m done,’” says O’Keefe.

7 . We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parts less than 10 minutes’ walk from home where neighborhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen — any screen — and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today’s children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.

In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself “marketing director from Nature”. He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.

“Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference,” David Bond says. “There is a lot of really interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will be on habit for life.” His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: “We just send them out into the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while.”

Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let us get them out and let them play.

1. What is the problem with the author’s children?

A．They often annoy their neighbours.	B．They are tired of doing their homework.
C．They have no friends to play with	D．They stay in front of screens for too long.

2. How did David Bond advocate his idea?

A．By making a documentary film.	B．By organizing outdoor activities.
C．By advertising in London media.	D．By creating a network of friends.

3. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 2?

A．records

B．predicts

C．delays

D．confirms

4. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．Let Children Have Fun	B．Young Children Need More Free Time
C．Market Nature to Children	D．David Bond: A Role Model for Children

8 . My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.

My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, _________ little bunny (兔子) cakes for all its _________throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for _________ help during our spring break, for which I had no_________ beyond listening to my favorite records. I’d _________ minimum wage. I’d see how a factory_________. My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad with their _________.

Our_________in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose._________ bunny from the belt. This was ____________ than it sounds.____________ a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I’d   ____________ .

Dad __________. The son of a grocer, he’d spent the summers of his childhood____________ food in Benardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you____________ the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.

1.

A．sold

B．ordered

C．made

D．reserved

2.

A．stores

B．families

C．schools

D．citizens

3.

A．generous

B．financial

C．technical

D．temporary

4.

A．plans

B．problems

C．excuses

D．hobbies

5.

A．offer

B．earn

C．set

D．suggest

6.

A．worked

B．closed

C．developed

D．survived

7.

A．ambition

B．permission

C．experience

D．invitation

8.

A．joys

B．ideas

C．roles

D．choices

9.

A．Save

B．Keep

C．Stop

D．Remove

10.

A．harder

B．better

C．longer

D．cheaper

11.

A．Calm down

B．Slow down

C．Stay on

D．Move on

12.

A．indicated

B．witnessed

C．expected

D．remembered

13.

A．cried

B．smiled

C．hesitated

D．refused

14.

A．tasting

B．finding

C．sharing

D．delivering

15.

A．withdraw

B．donate

C．receive

D．appreciate

9 . Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel (旅社). The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night, and for that, you’ll often get to stay in a central location (位置) with security and comfort.

Yellow Hostel

If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel. It’s one of the best-rated hostels in the city, and for good reason. It’s affordable, and it’s got a fun atmosphere without being too noisy. As an added bonus, it’s close to the main train station.

Hostel Alessandro Palace

If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome. Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun. Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke. There’s also an area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers during the summer.

Youth Station Hostel

If you’re looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel, look no further than Youth Station. It offers beautiful furnishings and beds. There are plenty of other benefits, too; it doesn’t charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room.

Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes

Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it’s close to all of the city’s main attractions. The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some. However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.

1. What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel?

A．Comfort.	B．Security.
C．Price.	D．Location.

2. Which hotel best suits people who enjoy an active social life?

A．Yellow Hostel.	B．Hostel Alessandro Palace.
C．Youth Station Hostel.	D．Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes.

3. What is the disadvantage of Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes?

A．It gets noisy at night.	B．Its staff is too talkative.
C．It charges for Wi-Fi.	D．It’s inconveniently located.

10 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Students in the United States are assigned to classes for different goals. Those in the more advantaged tracks and programs not only encounter more curricular material; they are also typically asked to learn the material differently. They have opportunities to think, investigate, and create. They are challenged to explore. In Keeping Track, Jeannie Oakes describes the way in which teachers differently frame their work for students in different tracks.

Teachers of high-track classes describe their class goals in terms of higher-order thinking and independent learning, for example: “Logical thought process”; “Scientific reasoning and logic”. Students’ view of what they learned in class reflect these goals. High-track students said they learned: “To understand concepts and ideas and to experiment with them, and to work independently”; “How to express myself through writing and compose my thoughts in a logical manner and express my creativity.”

Conversely, in low-track classes, teachers described few academic goals for their students and none related to thinking logically, critically or independently. They often focused on low-level skills, for example: “Better use of time”; “Punctuality and self-discipline”; “Good work habits”. And low-track students said they had learned how to: “Behave in class”; “How to shut up”; “How to listen and follow the directions of the teacher.”

This phenomenon is widespread. In his research in New York City, Jonathan Kozol described how, within integrated schools, minority children were disproportionately assigned to special education class that occupy small corners and split classrooms, while gifted and talented classrooms occupied the most splendid spaces filled with books and computers, where they learned, in the children’s words, “logical thinking,” and “problem solving”. Students were recommended for these classes by their teachers and parents as well as by their test scores. Kozol wrote in his notes,“Six girls, four boys, nine white, one Chinese. I am glad they have this class. But what about the others? Aren’t there ten black children in the school who could enjoy this also?”   

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