1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Isabel Crook has been awarded the Friendship Medal for her great contributions to supporting China's socialist modernization, promoting exchanges and cooperation between China and foreign countries, and safeguarding world peace.

Born in Chengdu, Sichuan Province to a Canadian missionary (传教士) family in 1915, Isabel Crook came into the world during a time     1    World War I was underway in Europe and China's last emperor Puyi was living in the Forbidden City after being forced     2     (step) down from the emperor's chair three years earlier.

While Crook's parents were busy     3     (set) up schools in China, Crook     4     (her) was more interested in the many ethnic minority     5     (people) in China. As a foreign girl, she had every reason to be curious about     6     was going on around her. At the age of 23, Crook graduate s from a Canadian college     7     a master's degree and began carrying out field research in Sichuan Province. In 1947, Crook and her journalist husband     8    (welcome) by the Communist Party of China to study the revolutionary land reform taking place in China.

Eager to be part of the revolution after completing their study of the land reform, the couple accepted an invitation from CPC leaders to teach at a     9     (new) established foreign affairs school in 1948. As a teacher she     10     (lay) the foundations for foreign language education in China in the 20th century.

2 . It's a lesson that most of us learn years before were old enough to drive: Red means stop, green means go. Simple enough. But what happens when you live in a culture where green also means blue?

Drive around Japan long enough and you'll find “go” signals in different kinds of blue. “Is this signal broken?” you might ponder. “Did some careless workers install the wrong bulbs?” The answer, as Atlas Obscura points out, is not in the wiring, but in the Japanese language.

Hundreds of years ago, the Japanese language included words for only four basic colours: black, white, red, and blue. If you wanted to describe something green, you'd use the word for blue-ao. That system worked well until the word midori began showing up to describe green. Even then, midori was considered a shade of ao. This sudden switch-over had lasting effects in Japan.

Today you'll still see green things doubtfully labelled blue. A fruit seller might sell you an ao-ringo (blue apple) only to disappoint you that it's actually green. Likewise, green bamboos are called aodake (“blue bamboos”) and an inexperienced employee may be called aonisai, meaning a “blue two-year-old”. And that brings us to traffic lights.

Initially, Japan's traffic lights were green as green can be. Despite this, the country's official traffic documents still referred to them as ao. International traffic law commands all “go” signals must be represented by green lights, and Japanese linguists objected to their government's decision to continue using the word ao to describe what was clearly midori. The government decided to compromise. In 1973, the government passed through an order that traffic lights use the bluest shade of green possible-still technically green, but noticeably blue enough to justifiably continue using ao nomenclature (命名法).

So, while it may appear that Japan uses blue traffic lights, the government assures us it's actually just a very blue shade of green-green enough to satisfy international regulations blue enough to still be called ao. Don't ever say the government never solved anything.

1. What does the underlined word “ponder” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A．Remark.

B．Wonder.

C．Explore.

D．Hesitate.

2. Why did people use ao to describe green things in Japan?

A．The public preferred blue to green.

B．Green must be used with caution in Japan.

C．The word ao developed later than the word midori.

D．There were limited words to describe colours in Japan's history.

3. What can we infer from Paragraph 5?

A．The colour of “go” lights is a mix of blue and green in Japan.

B．Japan's traffic lights still disobey the international traffic law.

C．Japanese linguists opposed changing the color of traffic lights.

D．Japan's traffic lights were first addressed as green in official papers.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．Traditional colours in Japan	B．Interesting driving rules in japan
C．Why Japan has blue traffic lights	D．Why green can cheat people in Japan

3 . If you've ever made a promise to change your spending habits, only to break that promise repeatedly, you are not alone. After all, you still have to go past your favorite coffee shop every morning where a delicious drink is only minutes from your lips. Throughout the day, your inbox may bring news of sales and special offers from your favorite retailers. It's attractive to spend isn't it?

If you find it hard to change your attitude towards spending, you might be interested in learning what scientists are discovering about habits and why they're difficult to change. However, what is it that creates your bad financial habits instead of saving more and building long-term wealth?

According to the research at the National Institute on Drug Abuse, humans have a brain chemical called dopamine (多巴胺) that is caused with pleasure. When it is caused, it releases signals from cell to cell and creates pathways for addictions to enjoyable stimuli (刺激物), such as food, cigarettes, alcohol, and shopping. When we do something giving us happiness, such as buying the latest smart phone or new, fashionable clothes, our brain receives a dopamine rush. Some of that chemical then moves to the area of the brain where memories are created and stored, causing the brain to positively associate the spending of money with pleasure.

But dopamine doesn't stop there-it also controls our decision-making and motivation functions. For example, the next time you pass by the neighborhood coffee shop, your brain releases dopamine that causes you to want to stop and enter for a cup of coffee. This is how our brains cause us to continue behavior that results in a reward. So you visit the cafe and make your purchase, which strengthens the memory and positive association. This is an example of how our spending habits start, and why they keep pushing us to spend money on items we don't need but simply want because they make us happy Fighting the desire to spend pleasurably means that you must fight neurological wires (神经网络).

1. How do people usually behave when it comes to changing spending habits?

A．They can usually manage it well.	B．They always eat their words on it.
C．They usually repeat their promises.	D．They often create bad financial habits in turn.

2. Why does the author mention the research in Paragraph 3?

A．To explain what substance dopamine is.

B．To test the effects of dopamine on motivation.

C．To uncover the secret bond between dopamine and memory.

D．To present how dopamine affects people's spending decisions.

3. What can be inferred from the last sentence in the text?

A．Purchasing will make people enthusiastic.

B．Spending habits will strengthen people's nerves.

C．It's not easy to control the inner drives of purchasing.

D．It's unreasonable to waste for the purpose of happiness.

4. What is the main idea of the text?

A．Positive attitude contributes to changing bad financial habits.

B．Dopamine in human brains results in bad financial habits.

C．People's spending habits affect human brains' development.

D．New research focuses on how to change spending habits.

4 . For the past three months, Riley Horner, a teenage girl from Illinois, has been waking up every morning thinking it's June 11. What's worse, her memory resets every couple of hours, so she can't even remember things she did or people who she met that day.

Riley's troubles began after she got accidentally kicked in the head by a teenager who was crowd-surfing during a dance. She was taken to the hospital, but doctors there only diagnosed her with a concussion (脑震荡) and sent her home with walking sticks. Tests showed no brain bleed or anything else out of the ordinary, but Riley's family soon noticed that there was something wrong with her. It was like her brain was stuck in the past and refused to make any new memories.

Riley's symptoms have baffled doctors, as they couldn't even find out what's wrong with her, let alone try to fix it. The teen's mother Sarah said that at first doctors told them that Riley's memory might get better as time passed, but it's been three months and her condition has not improved. Now they're saying that she could stay like this forever, which is something Riley's mother cannot accept.

The young girl has been struggling to deal with her condition, but even the simplest of things are really difficult under the circumstances. She always carries detailed notes with her at school, so when her memory resets every couple of hours, she can go over the things she needs to know, like how to find her locker. Almost everything Riley has experienced since June has been wiped clean from her memory.

“We need somebody that knows a little bit more because she deserves better. I mean she wanted to be in the medical field and now she can't even hold a job if she wanted to,” Riley's mother said. “We hope she will get help from certain experts and recover sooner or later.”

1. Why does riley always forget things and people?

A．She is affected by virus.	B．She is suffering a head injury.
C．She is so absorbed in her stud.	D．She is always absent-minded.

2. What does the underlined word “baffled” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Puzzled.

B．Refreshed.

C．Moved.

D．Affected.

3. What did Sarah think of the doctors' treatment?

A．Precise.

B．Fruitless.

C．Complex.

D．Conventional.

4. What do Sarah's words imply in the last paragraph?

A．Riley badly needs a job.

B．Sarah is sure Riley will recover soon.

C．Riley doesn't mind her condition at all.

D．Sarah is eager to find good doctors to cure Riley.