1 . How to recognize cyber attacks
Cyber-attacks may sound like something that happens only in Hollywood movies. You
A/An
Cyber-attacks can happen to anybody. It doesn’t matter who you are; cyber criminals can target you. While many often think of hacking victims as
Nowadays, cyber-criminals create fake websites and email addresses. You may think you are clicking a link to Dropbox (多宝箱) only to download malware onto your computer,
So you need to lean to recognize the signs of cyber-attacks. First, recognize
Other things to
As with everything,
| A．gather | B．picture | C．find | D．establish |
| A．dangerous | B．worried | C．cautious | D．helpless |
| A．historic | B．typical | C．potential | D．specific |
| A．halfway | B．originally | C．periodically | D．eventually |
| A．predict | B．limit | C．warn | D．recognize |
| A．fearless | B．soundless | C．clueless | D．careless |
| A．in conclusion | B．and | C．but | D．as if . |
| A．empty | B．supervised | C．tracked | D．infected |
| A．powerful | B．suspicious | C．specific | D．frequent |
| A．While | B．Since | C．If | D．When |
| A．guaranteed | B．assessed | C．leaked | D．composed |
| A．mechanisms | B．files | C．programs | D．commands |
| A．attacking | B．chatting | C．hiding | D．running |
| A．sum up | B．watch out | C．mark off | D．turn down |
| A．strategy | B．practice | C．solution | D．prevention |
Couponing for Charity
Feeding 5,000 people every month is a tall order. For Lauren Puryear — single mother, full-time mental health therapist, and founder of the nonprofit For the Love of Others — the secret ingredient is coupons. Lots and lots of coupons(优惠券).
The meals themselves are often quite impressive. 29-year-old Puryear prides
Still, she manages to do it all for nothing,
Puryear inherited her passion
Puryear got into the act when she was ten. If there were leftovers from dinner, Smith would put them in a container,
When Puryear founded her nonprofit, she chose the name For the Love of Others to honor her grandmother, who passed away in 2012. “Love was just the central core of her being,’’ Puryear says.
Mrs. Smith would certainly be proud of her granddaughter’s efforts and her impact. At one meal in Baltimore, three boys asked
“Stories like that, that’s why we do what we do,” Puryear says. “Something as simple as couponing,
3 . Hong Kong isn’t the first place you’d expect to find a peaceful island. But in a quiet corner of Sai Kung district (西贡区), a tiny green island offers a rare glimpse into the past.
Nicknamed “Ghost Island,” Yim Tin Tsai (盐田仔) was once home to a flourishing Hakka (客家) community. They settled on the empty island and built salt pans (盐田) to earn a living. When the salt pans were shut down more than 100 years ago, most residents turned to farming and fishing.
In the 1960s, more and more families moved to other places. The last of the villagers on the island had moved abroad by the 1990s, and, in the following years, Yim Tin Tsai lay empty.
If travelers had visited Yim Tin Tsai a decade ago, they would have found nothing but overgrown weeds (野草) and crumbling houses. That’s exactly what villager Colin Chan saw when he returned to the island after 40 years. But, for him, the island represented something special — a unique side of Hong Kong’s history and culture that shouldn’t be forgotten.
“I came back here hoping to recover something I felt I had lost,” Colin said. “I found the island was in ruins and I was very sad. This is the place I grew up. This is my father’s home and his father’s home.”
In 1999, Colin was elected as village representative and began what would become a lifelong mission: to make the island come alive. Together with about 10 former villagers, Colin raised money to build a visitor center for travelers. In 2004, a charitable foundation donated funds to renovate the island’s historical chapel (小教堂). In 2005, UNESCO (联合国教科文组织) Asia-Pacific Heritage Awards for Cultural Heritage Conservation honored the chapel with an award of merit (优异奖).
Motivated by this, the villagers organized a regular ferry schedule to enable travelers to reach the island, and set out to showcase the village’s unique history. They built a heritage trail, repaired Hakka ancestral homes, created a museum, and even started an organic farm that sits at the foot of the church.
1. According to the article, the Hakka community________.| A．all moved to other countries in the 1990s |
| B．settled on Yim Tin Tsai about 100 years ago |
| C．made a living by salt mining, farming and fishing on Yim Tin Tsai |
| D．found Yim Tin Tsai to be a fertile place when they had first arrived there |
| A．frightened | B．broken | C．disappearing | D．decreasing |
| A．Because he wanted to recover the special feeling of the place where he grew up. |
| B．Because as village representative, he had the duty to bring the village back to life. |
| C．Because he didn’t want to see the hometown of his father and grandfather in ruins. |
| D．Because he wanted to preserve Hong Kong’s history and culture mirrored in the island. |
| A．UNESCO honored Yim Tin Tsai with an award of merit in 2005. |
| B．If travelers visit Yim Tin Tsai today, they will find it a lush, green island full of life. |
| C．Colin Chan raised money to build a museum to showcase the village’s unique history. |
| D．the villagers on Yim Tin Tsai want to restore the salt pans which were closed more than 100 years ago. |
4 . Deliverance(解救) for Delivery Drivers?
ZOOOOOOOOM!!! A gust of air, the hum of spinning wheels, and a flash of color whizzing past. I’m sure that we have all stepped into the crosswalk, at one time or another, and experienced this sudden, heart-stopping
Over the past few years, delivery drivers have been criticized, fined, and even
Well, it
According to surveys and reactions online,
Although these new
| A．fright | B．delight | C．pain | D．sorrow |
| A．running | B．walking | C．rushing | D．wandering |
| A．arrested | B．fired | C．blamed | D．praised |
| A．destroy | B．ignore | C．observe | D．interrupt |
| A．everlasting | B．dramatic | C．slight | D．final |
| A．However | B．Namely | C．Indeed | D．Surprisingly |
| A．decides | B．refuses | C．turns out | D．takes turns |
| A．comparison | B．contrast | C．competition | D．cooperation |
| A．adapted | B．achieved | C．adopted | D．assumed |
| A．motivations | B．advantages | C．pressures | D．skills |
| A．some | B．few | C．many | D．we |
| A．reduce | B．expand | C．narrow | D．extend |
| A．actions | B．behaviors | C．features | D．conditions |
| A．humans | B．consumers | C．friends | D．taxpayers |
| A．In one word | B．As a result | C．For example | D．On the contrary |
| A. counting B. create C. loss D. Luckily E. offer F. preferred G. supports H. transfer I. type J. Unfortunately K. video |
The digital revolution has had a huge impact on every aspect of our society. For content creators, life looks nothing like it did just a couple of decades ago. Back then, all you had to do is to take the tape off the camera and put it on your
Understanding what each video format is and does is no child’s play. In fact, it is a “must” if you want your work to look the best regardless of where and how it is played. If, for example, you want to
So what’s the best video format?
Here are three of the most common video uses and the
Social media: MP4 is supported by Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, IGTV, and YouTube. Facebook also
TV and computers: AVI, MOV, and MKV
Website: WEBM and HTML5 are the video formats meant for your account. However, using tools such as Wix Video will allow you to work with almost any file
Preparations Underway for Moon Landing
China is making preparations for a moon landing that will place its astronauts on the lunar surface, according to a senior official at the China Manned Space Agency, who said our astronauts will definitely touch down on the moon.
The news conference invited key figures from China’s manned space programs, who are also members of the Communist Party of China,
China’s space authorities have a long-term plan to land astronauts on the moon and set up at least one scientific station there. They hope to use the manned missions to carry out scientific surveys
Toward that goal, the editor-in-chief of Aerospace Knowledge magazine, said Chinese engineers need to build new, stronger carrier rockets and spacecraft
Designers at the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, the country’s major maker of carrier rockets, are researching a super-heavy rocket that will be several times bigger and mightier than the Long March 5, now the biggest and strongest in China’s Long March rocket family.
7 . Chocolate Is Beneficial in Some Cases
Mental arithmetic became easier after volunteers had been given large amounts of compounds found in chocolate, called flavanols (黄烷醇), in a hot cocoa drink. They were also less likely to feel tired or mentally drained, the findings, presented at the British Psychological Society annual conference in Brighton show.
Prof David Kennedy, director of the brain, performance and nutrition research centre at North-umbria University, and a co-author of the study, said that chocolate could be beneficial for mentally challenging tasks.
For the study 30 volunteers were asked to count backwards in groups of three from a random number between 800 and 999 generated by a computer.
The findings also show that the volunteers did not get as tired doing the calculations if they had been given the cocoa drink, despite being asked to do them over and over for an hour. The researchers gave the volunteers a total of 500 mg of flavanol.
Emma Wightman, one of the study’s lead researchers, said: “You can get bars of chocolate that have 100 mg of flavnoal, and we are also going to look at the effect of lower doses of flavanol on the brain.”
Prof Kennedy added: “The amount that you are giving is more than in the diet but there is quite a lot of evidence that general amounts are protective against declining function and that kind of thing.
| A．Volunteers’ performance definitely improved after drinking a lot of cocoa. |
| B．The findings show that they could do the calculations more quickly and more accurately after they had been given the drink. |
| C．The more fruit and vegetables and things that are high in polyphenols the better that is for your brain in the long run. |
| D．Although the amount was too great to be found naturally in the diet, researchers said people should ensure they have lots of flavanols, also found in fruit and vegetables, on a regular basis. |
| E．Both higher and lower doses of chocolate will increase brain power. |
| F．The findings suggest students who overeat chocolate when revising for exams may gain a real benefit from doing so. |
8 . The United Nations Food Systems Summit(峰会)held last September was overshadowed by a powerful counter-moblilization effort led by farmers and scientists and small-scale food producers across the world.
Opposition to the summit had been mounting since July, when hundreds of grassroots organizations challenged the organizers for framing the problem of food systems in narrow, technocratic ways and offering “false solutions” such as biotechnological interventions(干预)instead of promoting more sustainable, just and people-first ways of farming. Also in July the Philippines approved commercial cultivation of Bt eggplant, a genetically modified (GM) food that produces a protein that kills eggplant fruit and “Golden Rice” changed to produce beta-carotene, the forerunner of vitamin A. The Philippines thus became the first country in South and Southeast Asia of approve GM rice.
Advocates of GM crops praised the Philippines’ move as a victory of science. Since the U. N.’s food summit was announced two years ago, different groups have steadily reduced applications of science to global problems to a limited set of investor-oriented innovations. Within this orbit, agricultural biotechnology and digitalization are boasted as vital to achieving the U. N.’s sustainable development goals. As governments now debate the way forward from the summit, it is critical to recognize that a narrow focus on technology to address the complex structural problems of farming and food has an astonishingly poor track record.
At its base, GM crops are rooted in a colonial-capitalist model of agriculture based on theft of local land and on exploiting farmers’ and food workers’ labor, native knowledge and the web of lift itself. Today this agricultural model is responsible not only for increasing farm debt, depleted soils, and threats to native seeds and biodiversity but also the destruction of farmers’ knowledge and skills. For the world to achieve sustainability, this colonial model of agriculture must be dismissed, and promising agroecological approaches based on working with biodiversity and farmers’ knowledge and skills should be brought to center stage.
Most GM crops are engineered with resistance to herbicides(除草剂)and insects, which has not only contributed to the emergence of “super-weeds” and increasing pesticide use but has driven the global growth of seed and chemical industries. These kinds of crops have principally benefited large-scale farmers, grain traders and multinational corporations involved in selling seeds and pesticides.
Multinational agribusinesses have understood Golden Rice and Bt eggplant as pro-poor technologies to win over smallholder farmers and consumers in the Global South. The International Rice Research Institute has led Golden Rice’s development with support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and in partnership with Syngenta (which owns rights to the rice) to address vitamin A deficiency (VAD) among the poor, especially children and pregnant women.
1. The recent Food Systems Summit was greeted with distrust because the organizers ________.| A．didn’t take the interests of people concerned into account |
| B．didn’t attach importance to the blossoming of agriculture |
| C．failed to come up with the effective initiatives with joint efforts |
| D．employed the inappropriate approaches to farming |
| A．To prove the victory for the supporters of GM food. |
| B．To illustrate the Philippines’ opposition to the summit. |
| C．To argue it is a waste of money in the GM food. |
| D．To introduce how many nutrients GM food may contain. |
| A．Exploiting farmers’ and food workers’ labor |
| B．Developing crops resistant to insects |
| C．Removing the colonial-capitalist model |
| D．Establishing partnership to address VAD |
| A．The Philippines is a country with cutting-edge technologies. |
| B．The application of GM food will solve the problem of environment. |
| C．Governments have initiated into the complex structural farming problems. |
| D．The booming pesticide industry is credited to the cultivation of GM food. |
A division of Walmart Inc., Sam’s club is the membership warehouse club solution for everyday living. Sam’s Club serves millions of members at SamsClub.com and almost 600 locations across the U. S. and Puerto Rico. Sam’s Club also has locations in Brazil, China and Mexico.
| FOUNDER | Our founder Sam Walton was the most notable business leader of his time - but no matter how much success he achieved, he never forgot where it all started. Once a humble entrepreneur(创业者)with a successful five-and-time, Mr. Sam knew firsthand the challenges of running a small business. |
| EMPLOYEE | Sam’s club employs thousands of associates in the U. S. and Puerto Rico. Approximately 75 percent of club management was promoted from hourly positions. |
Sam’s Club is a membership warehouse club, a limited-item business model that offers our members quality products at an exceptional value unmatched | |
| BRAND | by traditional retail. Instead of stocking every item in every available brand, Sam’s Club merchants do their “homework” for our members, stocking the right products and purchasing them in large quantities, passing on the savings to our members. In addition to the leading national brands, Sam’s Club also carries Member’s Mark, an exclusive, premium-quality private brand. Member’s Mark products are exclusive designs that use top-of-the-line materials and the highest quality ingredients to make sure you get the best quality and value at members-only prices. |
| ENVIRONMENT | We reduce costs by maintaining a simple shopping environment, often displaying our merchandise on shipping deck so we can move new items in just as quickly as they move out. Besides, Many clubs include sustainable features such as day-lighting with skylights, night dimming, central energy management, water-conserving fixtures, natural concrete floors and recycling. |
| BENEFIT | Sam’s Club also provides a variety of member benefits such as free shipping on most items for our Plus Members along with Cash Rewards, early shopping, savings on medications as well as the benefits of our Club membership. Club members can take advantage of Sam’s Club Credit, Instant Savings, free health screenings, daily “Tastes & Tips” sampling demonstrations and members-only savings on fuel. |
| A．A member of the club. | B．A worker paid by the hour. |
| C．A small business entrepreneur. | D．An associate from Puerto Rico. |
| A．have all the available brands to choose from |
| B．have your homework done by Sam’s merchants |
| C．buy Member’s Mark products at members-only prices |
| D．enjoy free shipping for the goods you have purchased |
| A．find suitable employees for Sam’s club |
| B．attract investment from overseas companies |
| C．inform readers of the features of Sam’s club |
| D．persuade customers to be a member of Sam’s club |
10 . An argument will break down if one of the premises is not true or if the conclusion does not logically follow from them. For example, consider this argument:
The deer population in our state should be preserved. During the hunting season hundreds of deer are killed. Therefore, the hunting season should be discontinued.
To challenge this argument, the state’s wildlife commission might agree with both the major and minor premises but question whether the conclusion follows logically from them. True, the deer population should be preserved; true, deer are killed during the hunting season. However, in a state where deer have no natural enemies, herds become too large for the natural forest vegetation to support them. The overpopulated herds eat the leaves of the young trees, killing the trees, before dying of starvation themselves. The commission might conclude, therefore, that a limited hunting season helps preserve a healthier and more stable population of deer.
People who already agree with you need no persuasion, although a well-argued case for their own point of view is always welcome. But indifferent and doubting people will tend to resist your argument because they have minds of their own. To convince them, you will need to refute(驳斥)opposing arguments.
To give up a position that seems reasonable, the arguer has to see that there is an even more reasonable one. In addition to presenting your own case, review the chief arguments of the other side and explain what you think is wrong with them.
It is the best way to deal with the other side. Often it is useful to summarize the opposing position. Sometimes a better plan is to anticipate objections as you develop your detailed reasons for your argument. Wherever you decide to deal with opposing arguments, do your best to refute them.
As you refute opposition arguments, try to establish common ground with readers who at first do not agree with your views. If you can show that you share their values, they may be able to switch to your position without giving up what they feel is important. For example, to persuade people emotionally opposed to shooting helpless deer, a state wildlife commission would have to show that it too cares about preserving deer and does not want them to die needlessly. Having established these values in common, the commission might be able to persuade people that a carefully controlled hunting season is good for the deer population because it prevents starvation caused by over-population. However, if those opposed to hunting want to persuade the commission to ban the hunting season, they would need to show that the commission could achieve its goals by some other means, such as expanding the deer preserve or allowing the deer and the food supply to come into a natural balance.
1. What does the underlined word premises mean in the first paragraph?| A．establishments | B．commercials |
| C．assumptions | D．prejudices |
| A．have the hunting season | B．make the hunters happy |
| C．protect the rest of the herds | D．create their natural enemies |
| A．present your case first | B．summarize the position of the other side |
| C．review your own views | D．pretend to be indifferent |
| A．One may give up a position when he sees a more reasonable one. |
| B．You’d better anticipate the possible objections before you give your reasons |
| C．Deer should be preserved but overpopulation will do harm to them. |
| D．Those opposed to hunting don’t have good reasons |
