1 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks ‘with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
On January 10, Uganda reopened schools after the longest closure in the world
When the buildings first shuttered, the Ministry ofEducation broadcast lessons on TV and radio stations, and some schools handed out printed materials. But this did not last for lack of funding. So the
Uganda’s National Planning Authority in August 2021 projected that 4.5 million of them will likely not return to school. The reasons for the dropouts are manifold. The teen pregnancy rate rose significantly. And many poor children in urban and rural areas
Plus, in an economy pinched by the pandemic, many families cannot currently afford the fees,
Children who are able to return school have been promoted one grade level, a decision made by the Ministry of Education to guarantee spots for newly
Kusemererwa Jonathan Henry, a teenager living in Kamwokya, one of the largest slums in the capital of Kampala, had just started high school and made new friends
2 . The State of Marriage Today
Is there something seriously wrong with marriage today? During the past 50 years, the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded: almost 50%of marriages end in divorce now, and the evidence suggests it is going to get worse, if this trend continues. It will lead to the breakup of the family, according to a spokesperson for the National Family Association. Some futurists predict that in 100 years, the average American will marry at least four times and extramarital affairs(婚外恋) will be even more common than they are now.
But what are the reasons for this, and is the picture really so depressing? The answer to the first question is really quite simple: marriage is no longer the necessity it once was. The practice of marriage has been based for years partly on economic need. Women used to be economically dependent on their husbands as they usually didn’t have jobs outside the home. But with the rising number of women in well-paying jobs, this is no longer the case, so they don’t feel that they need to stay in a failing marriage.
In answer to the second question, the prospects may not be as pessimistic as they seem. While the rate of divorce has risen, the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen very much, so marriage is still quite popular. In addition to this, many couples now cohabit(同居) and don’t bother to marry. These couples are effectively married, but they do not appear in either the marriage or divorce statistics. In fact, more than 50%of first marriages survive. The statistics are unreliable because there is a higher number of divorces in second and third marriages than in first marriages.
So is marriage really an outdated practice? The fact that most people still get married indicates that it isn’t. And it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than single people: they suffer less from stress and its consequences, such as heart problems, and married men generally consider themselves more satisfied than their single counterparts. Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of our relationships!
1. What does “this is no longer the case” in paragraph two mean?A.It is not necessary to get married any more. |
B.Women do not need a husband any longer. |
C.Women are not economically dependent any more. |
D.Many wives do well-paying jobs outside home now. |
A.Many people still like to get married. |
B.The rate of divorce has actually decreased. |
C.many couples would rather cohabit than marry |
D.The statistics of divorce is not quite true。 |
A.They are much safer. | B.They feel no longer single. |
C.They are more satisfied. | D.They suffer a lot less. |
A.There will be more relationships outside marriage. |
B.Many people try to get married again after divorce. |
C.Marriage has long been partly an economic need. |
D.It is a fact that most people choose to get married. |
3 . With an eye on urbanization, population growth and efficiency, tiny spaces were a big theme at this summer’s Dwell on Design conference in Los Angeles. Designers from around the world proudly presented housing and products for living small – from transformable furniture to 3D printed interior objects.
In North America, about 82% of the total population – roughly 473.8 million people – lives in urban areas.
Micro-apartments tricked out with scaled-down, adaptable furniture and decor could make urban living more compatible (兼容的) with the way people increasingly live now – and help cities as they attempt to absorb more people in the future. The challenges include how to do so affordably, comfortably and with enough privacy to make these spaces homes as well as housing.
Re-thinking the toilet
The greater Tokyo area is the world’s most densely populated metropolitan region with some 38 million residents packed into about 5,200 sq miles.
The design also carries the EPA WaterSense label, averaging a lean 1 gallon per flush. This “saves a family of four more than $90 annually on their water bill, and $2,000 over the lifetime of the toilet”, said TOTO USA’s Lenora Campos.
Convertible furniture re-imagined
To furnish a micro-apartment comfortably, Resource Furniture has re-imagined the old Murphy beds and folding tables with sophisticated book shelves, desks and sofas that can convert into beds. Drawers pull out from under stairs.
A.A sleeping layer might include a platform bed with a desk or closet space underneath, for example. |
B.There’s a very fixed idea of what an apartment needs to be and who you expect to live in the unit will affect the design. |
C.Often their strategies sought to reduce the human footprint on the environment and save energy. |
D.So small sinks and showers are nothing new in compact Japanese bathrooms. |
E.Storage space is cleverly hidden within walls and pushed up to ceilings. |
F.The number of single-person households is rising, although housing has not kept pace with demographic change. |
4 . Four great mini adventures in the UK
Swim with seals, Lundy Island
Suits Water babies
Difficulty Easy to moderate
Known – with a large pinch of salt and bundles of imagination – as the UK’s Galapagos, this small island off the coast of Devon has an abundance of wildlife to discover. The cliffs are home to scores of birds from puffins to kittiwake, razorbills and guillemots, the grassland harbours the Lundy pony and sika deer and the sea grey seals. It’s these aquatic mammals that offer the most memorable encounters. Renowned for getting up close and personal with snorkellers, they often rub human visitors with their noses (despite rules stating people should keep a distance!).
Swim with Seals £69.50pp including ferry from Ilfracombe, bristolchannelcharters.co.uk
Stargaze from a bothy(茅屋) , mid Wales
Suits Nature-lovers who can rough it
Difficulty Moderate
Nestled in the Elan Valley – an area dotted with reservoirs and woodland and known by very few – is a little bothy called Lluest Cwmbach. Recently refurbished by the volunteer-run and donation-funded Mountain Bothies Association (MBA), it offers a basic shelter from the elements comprising of sleeping platforms, a solid fuel tove(bring your own fuel), and even an outside toilet (a luxury for a bothy). As it’s far from the nearest towns and villages and their light pollution, it offers some of the best stargazing in Wales. Not bad for nothing – though note they are not bookable, so space is never guaranteed. Free, though joining the MBA (£25 a year) helps with the upkeep of these wonderful buildings, mountainbothies.org.uk
Downhill on a mountain bike, Brecon Beacons
Suits Speed freaks
Difficulty Moderate to hard
From the Mid Glamorgan town of Merthyr Tydfil a whole host of mountain bike routes lay in wait for the brave. There’s just one catch – the big Brecon peaks. For hard-core bikers that’s not an issue but for those new to muddy trails it can be off-putting. But Adventure Cycling Wales has the answer: let them worry about the ascent. They transport bike and rider to the top of the most epic routes and it is all downhill from there. From £35 including bike hire and lift to route start, adventurecyclingwales.co.uk
White water rafting, Hertfordshire
Suits Adrenaline lovers
Difficulty Challenging
Built for the canoe slalom at London 2012, Lee Valley White Water Centre, just 17 miles from central London, now also offers mere mortals the chance to take to the rapids. With everything on offer from tasters of the full-on foaming course to tubing and family fun, it provides an adrenaline-packed day trip from the capital. Tasters from £25pp, must be 14+, gowhitewater.co.uk
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.Travellers should strictly stay away from the wild aquatic mammals on Lundy Island. |
B.People only need to bring your own fuel to Lluest Cwmbach as it is a luxurious bothy. |
C.Riders descend from the big Brecon peaks along muddy but fantastic bike routes. |
D.Sightseers can spend an exciting day going white-watering in central London. |
A.£75. | B.£140. | C.£100. | D.£278. |
A.Natural Wonders | B.Travel Bargains |
C.Exploring UK | D.Travel Tips |
5 . An exhibition of vivid photographs and a restored documentary give fresh insight into the Antarctic explorer, who died a century ago.
One hundred years ago, the leader of the last great expedition of the heroic age of polar exploration died from a heart attack as his ship, Quest, headed for Antarctica. The announcement of the death of Ernest Shackleton on 30 January 1922 was greeted with an outpouring of national grief.
This was the man, after all, who had saved the entire crew of his ship Endurance — which had been crushed and sunk by ice in 1915 — by making a daring trip in a tiny open boat over 750 miles of polar sea to raise the alarm at a whaling station in South Georgia.
It remains one of the greatest rescue stories of modern history and led to the idolising of Shackleton in the United Kingdom, a reputation that survived undamaged for the rest of the century. As his contemporary Raymond Priestley, the geologist and Antarctic explorer, later put it: “When disaster strikes and all hope is gone, get down on your knees and pray for Shackleton.”
And here and now in 2022, his death is being marked with an elaborately illustrated exhibition — Shackleton’s legacy and the power of early Antarctic photography — which opens at the Royal Geographical Society (RGS), and which includes a range of images and artefacts from his expeditions. Additionally, a digitally remade version of South, a documentary film of Shackleton’s 1914-16 Endurance expedition, is being screened at the British Film Institute.
The film and most of the exhibition’s finest images are the handiwork of Frank Hurley, who sailed with Shackleton and who was one of the 20th century’s greatest photographers and film-makers. Both film and exhibition feature striking camera work and provide vivid accounts of the hardships that Shackleton and his men endured as they headed off to explore Antarctica.
Even after he survived the great expedition, he still longed for another trip to Antarctica, and after long negotiations set sail in Quest, from England, with the aim of circumnavigating (环航) Antarctica, Shackleton was by now very ill and had suffered at least one heart attack. On 2 January 1922, he wrote in his diary: “I grow old and tired but must always lead on.” Three days later he had a major heart attack and died a few hours later. He is buried on South Georgia, scene of his greatest triumph.
“Shackleton was an inspirational leader. He had an innate sense of what was possible and achievable. He also had a huge personality but led by example. At the same time, he was sensitive to the needs of the individuals he was leading. For example, after Endurance broke up, his men had lost their protection and shelter. Their social fabric had been destroyed. There would have been disagreement. Yet Shackleton succeeded in keeping them together and made sure they survived.”
1. People were overcome with grief when Ernest Shackleton died because .A.it was a huge pity that such a brave explorer should have died from a heart attack |
B.he was the man that wrote about one of the greatest rescue stories of modern history |
C.he came to his entire crew’s rescue and symbolised hope in extreme circumstances |
D.there was no one to pray to anymore when disaster came and there was no hope |
A.It presents Shackleton’s 1914-16 Endurance expedition with powerful Antarctic photos. |
B.It celebrates the 100th anniversary of the great explorer Ernest Shackleton’s birth. |
C.It consists of vivid photographs, artefacts, and documentaries of Ernest Shackleton. |
D.It is created by Frank Hurley, who witnessed Shackleton’s heroic acts with his own eyes. |
A.He was the leader of a heroic exploration to the South pole, who died from a heart attack off shore. |
B.He saved the crew members of the sunken Endurance by travelling to raise the alarm in a tiny boat. |
C.He is universally recognised as the greatest Antarctic explorer who has enjoyed enduring fame. |
D.He was inspirational, practical, responsible, sensitive towards his men, but had a strong character. |
A.What they wore would not be accepted by others upon returning. |
B.They could no longer socialise with others even if they went back. |
C.The ship could not keep them together even if they survived. |
D.They could not function socially as they had when there was shelter. |
6 . Left out of society: Vanuatu’s deaf community push for national sign language
Tasale Edward Bule, a 45-year-old fisher from Vanuatu’s Efate island, remembers the day the world went silent. “I woke up one morning and remember not hearing the birds sing, or the rooster crow,” Bule says. “I asked everyone to call my name to see if I would hear them – it was then I realised I had
Bule’s story would be
Disability advocates say this leaves the deaf community unable to participate fully in society. The group are also more
The initiative, which is funded by the Global Partnership for Education and the World Bank, has seen
Once developed, Vanuatu would join Fiji, Kiribati, Samoa and Solomon Islands as Pacific nations with a national sign language, though at present Papua New Guinea is the only country where its sign language, Auslan-PNG Sign, is an officially
The government hopes that Storian wetem han will be able to be
For now though, Arthur Simrai, a field officer for the Vanuatu Society for People Living with DisabilitySimrai, says that many of those living with hearing loss don’t
If Vanuatu is able to make a
A.enhanced | B.lost | C.developed | D.disabled |
A.independence of | B.treatment for | C.impact on | D.access to |
A.appealing to | B.familiar to | C.distinct from | D.due to |
A.invent | B.perform | C.enhance | D.abandon |
A.manage | B.resolve | C.deserve | D.struggle |
A.get by | B.back up | C.settle down | D.take over |
A.plausible | B.distracted | C.vulnerable | D.regretful |
A.creating | B.conveying | C.changing | D.combining |
A.Therefore | B.Meanwhile | C.However | D.Nevertheless |
A.officials | B.netizens | C.soldiers | D.therapists |
A.delivered | B.downloaded | C.filtered | D.uploaded |
A.exposed | B.targeted | C.considered | D.recognised |
A.referred to | B.rolled out | C.deprived of | D.drunk to |
A.remember | B.collect | C.recognise | D.film |
A.copy | B.mess | C.success | D.series |
A. labour B. manner C. highlighting D. circumstances E. updated F. characterised G. integrated H. admirable I. accommodate J. overseeing K. flexible |
The house of the future? A sun-filled, shape-shifting, shed-share paradise
What will homes be like 10 years from now? Judging by the winners of the Home of 2030 competition, sharing will be key.
Shared home-working spaces, communal garden sheds and houses built using apps—these are just some of the ideas in the winning proposals for the government’s Home of 2030 competition to develop prototype “homes fit for the future”,
“You can’t get much more
Her team’s scheme imagines a terraced (排房的) housing type made from two standard components, a base unit and a loft, joined with “connector” pieces, taking into account multiple configurations (布局) over time as family
Built off-site to demanding Passivhaus standards, with a twin wall timber frame, the homes would be
As is so often the case with blue-sky (纯理论的) ideas competitions, the ambitions of the Home of 2030 winning teams are
How language transformed humanity
Language is very probably the one characteristic that separates us from the chimpanzees, our closest relatives. All other major differences between us likely stem from language. “It allows you to implant (植入) a thought from your mind directly into someone else’s mind”, says Mark Pagel, professor and head of the Evolution Laboratory at the University of Reading.
Humans use discrete (分离的) pulses of sound—their language—
Social learning is visual theft: for example, if I can learn by watching you, I can steal (and benefit from) your best ideas, wisdom or skills without having to invest the time and energy to develop these
There are two options for dealing with this crisis: either return into small family groups so the benefits of each group’s knowledge
“Language evolved to solve the crisis of visual theft and to exploit cooperation and exchange”, says Professor Pagel.
In fact, as Professor Pagel argues, language is a “social technology”
But almost incomprehensibly, thousands of languages evolved. So just
“Can humans afford to have all these different languages?” asks Professor Pagel. In a world
In fact, humanity’s “destiny is to be one world with one language”, concludes Professor Pagel.
9 . We all know that the blue light that emits from our smartphones isn’t good for our eyes, but a new study has discovered just how much damage it can cause. Researchers say that this light is absorbed by vital molecules in our retina (视网膜) and triggers the production of a toxic chemical that kill cells.
This damage can lead to large blind spots in our vision that are the hallmark of macular degeneration (黄斑变性), a disease that leads to blindness. The team from die University of Toledo in Ohio says it is urging the public not to use phones in the dark because this can dilate (放大) pupils and lead to even more harmful blue light entering our eyes.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss for those aged 50 or older, according to the National Eye Institute. The condition occurs when the macula, an oval area near the center of Ae retina that allows for sharp vision, becomes damaged.
Sufferers will experience blurred vision or even ‘blind spots’ in their central vision that may grow larger as the retina dies. Treatments include medications that stop new blood vessels from forming in the eye as well as laser therapies that destroy abnormal blood vessels.
For this study, the team decided to focus on retinal, a form of vitamin A found in the retina that coverts light into metabolic energy. Photoreceptor cells (感光细胞) use retinal to covert light into signals that are sent to the brain.
“The human eye reflects UV light (such as from the sun) very well but it allows blue light to enter and the retinal can absorb blue light very well”, lead author Dr Ajith Kanmaratfme, an assistant professor in the UT department of chemistry and biochemistry, told Daily Mail Online.
Dr Karunarathne noted that blue light alone or retinal that hadn’t absorbed blue light did not have any effect on the cells. He added that there was no activity when retinal was exposed to other light colors such as green, red or yellow.
The team did find a molecule, a vitamin E derivative (衍生物) known as alpha tocopherol, that can stop the cells from dying.
“When you damage the photoreceptor cells, they’re damaged for good, so the vitamin E derivative currently just reduces damage,” said Dr Karunarathne. “We’re currently screening for more molecules to see if they can stop this damaging reaction.”
He explained that as we get older, the ability to prevent attacks from retinal that has absorbed blue light became weaker, which leads to macular degeneration.
“Looking at cell phones in the dark can be very harmful because the pupils are dilated so more blue light can get in and cause damage”, he said.
1. What does the underlined word “hallmark” in Para 2 mean?A.method | B.symbol | C.idea | D.feature |
A.dilate pupils to cause retina cells die |
B.cause large blind spots related to blindness |
C.produce a chemical that destroys blood vessels |
D.be reflected by important molecules in our retina |
A.Blue light alone has great Influence on the cell. |
B.People’s eyes can absorb both UV light and blue light. |
C.Alpha Tocopherol will help photoreceptor cells to recover. |
D.The ability to withstand attacks from retinal becomes weak when we become older. |
A.Some ways to protect our vision. |
B.The reasons for macular degeneration. |
C.The function of the vitamin E derivative. |
D.How photoreceptor cells convert light into signals. |
10 . Isaac Newton on a skateboard?
Does maths explain everything?
It’s long time since most of us were at school, sitting in maths class and thinking: “When am I ever going to need this?” As adults we know that the answer is “all the time” --maths is everywhere, and not just in the places you’d expect. The challenge is to help children realize its relevance to their everyday life.
AQUlLA’s Real World Maths Issue:
They may not know it, but even skateboarders and dancers are using maths all the time --- and your local skate park is actually a great place to put mathematical theory (think calculus) into action! In this issue, children can read about Sir Christopher Wren’s plans for re-building London; try AQUILA’s topologist game; investigate snowflakes-nature’s little mathematical masterpieces, and learn about artist L.S Lowry’s ideas on perspective. Plus: find out some really bad maths that ended up in catastrophe and discover why being a perfectionist is not always a bad thing.
“......Advanced & Philosophical, Curious & Puzzling”
RICHARD ROBINSON, BRIGHTON SCIENCE FESTIVAL
1. The passage is intended to_________.A.explain some myths about Isaac Newton |
B.attract parents and children to subscribe to the magazine |
C.explain some real world maths issues |
D.encourage students to read more books on maths |
A.Schools fail to help students realise maths’ relevance to daily life. |
B.Learning maths helps people become perfectionists |
C.AQUILA was well-received at Brighton Science Festival |
D.Parents can give AQUILA to their six year olds as a birthday gift. |
A.It founds a special club for the curious kids. |
B.Its content exclusively focuses on Science. |
C.It’s more challenging than the school curriculum. |
D.It stimulates children’s curiosity to test new ideas. |