1 . A new study suggests that early exposure to germs (细菌) strengthens the immune (免疫的) system. That means letting children get a little dirty might be good for their health later in life.
The study involved laboratory mice. It found that adult mice raised in a germ-free environment were more likely to develop allergies, asthma (气喘) and other autoimmune disorders. There are more than eighty disorders where cells that normally defend the body instead attack tissues and organs.
Richard Blumberg, who led the study, is a professor at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts. He says, in 1989, medical researchers who sought to explain these diseases, first discovered that the increasing use of antibacterial soaps and other products, especially early in life, could weaken immune systems.
Now, Dr. Blumberg and his team have what is the first biological evidence to link early exposure to germs to stronger adult immune systems. They say this exposure could prevent the development of some autoimmune diseases.
In the adult germ-free mice, they found that inflammation (发炎) in the lungs and colon (结肠) was caused by so-called killer T cells. These normally fight infection. But they became overactive and targeted healthy tissue—an autoimmune condition seen in asthma and a disease called ulcerative colitis (溃疡性结肠炎).
Dr. Blumberg says the mice raised in a normal environment did not have the same reaction. He says their immune systems had been “educated” by early exposure to germs.
Rates of autoimmune disorders are rising worldwide, but mostly in wealthier, industrialized countries. According to Dr. Blumberg, it might be high time that people were warned to be more careful with the early use of antibiotics (抗生素) and the prescription from their doctors.
Rob Dunn is a professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at North Carolina State University in Raleigh. He says the new study does not mean people should stop washing. “Wash your hands, but don’t do it with antibacterial soap. Let your kids play in a reasonable amount of dirt and get outside and get exposed to a diversity of things”, says Rob Dunn.
1. Who first found immune systems might get harmed by overly using antibacterial products?| A．A professor of ecology and evolutionary biology. |
| B．A professor at Harvard Medical School in Boston. |
| C．Medical researchers who tried to explain autoimmune disorders. |
| D．Medical researchers who tried to treat autoimmune disorders. |
| A．play in a dirty environment once in a while | B．live in a germ-free environment |
| C．use plenty of antibacterial soaps | D．stay in under developed countries |
| A．Because their T cell fight bacteria effectively. |
| B．Because their T cells attack the healthy tissues. |
| C．Because their lungs become abnormally active. |
| D．Because their lungs have weaker tissues. |
| A．washing hands is no longer a good habit for children |
| B．antibiotics will be forbidden in children’s hospitals |
| C．exposure to dirt helps build children’s character |
| D．the abuse of antibiotics may be condemned |
| A．A teacher’s handbook. | B．A story book. |
| C．A science magazine. | D．A travel journal |
2 . He has been called the “missing link.” Half-man, half-beast. He is supposed to live in the highest mountain in the world-Mount Everest.
He is known as the Abominable Snowman. The
Over the years, the story of the Yetis has
Further efforts have been made to find out about Yetis. But the only things people have ever found were
These days, only a few people continue to take the story of the Abominable Snowman
| A．event | B．story | C．adventure | D．description |
| A．a fortnight | B．too long | C．some time | D．many years |
| A．heard from | B．cared for | C．knew of | D．read about |
| A．even | B．hardly | C．certainly | D．probably |
| A．as | B．though | C．when | D．until |
| A．developed | B．changed | C．occurred | D．continued |
| A．entirely | B．naturally | C．clearly | D．simply |
| A．found | B．declared | C．felt | D．doubted |
| A．exist | B．escape | C．disappear | D．return |
| A．clearer | B．more | C．little | D．rare |
| A．huge | B．recent | C．ordinary | D．frightening |
| A．strange | B．large | C．deep | D．rough |
| A．In the end | B．Therefore | C．After all | D．However |
| A．imagined | B．real | C．special | D．familiar |
| A．so | B．besides | C．again | D．instead |
| A．rightly | B．actually | C．normally | D．particularly |
| A．lightly | B．jokingly | C．seriously | D．properly |
| A．succeed in | B．take on | C．depend on | D．join in |
| A．decision | B．situation | C．subject | D．problem |
| A．zoo | B．mountain | C．museum | D．laboratory |
3 . I have a big presentation to give this morning. I’m sitting in this
I shoot the angriest look at him but what’s the
The train
A lot of noise comes toward us and I become
I shut my eyes
I’m the last to step out. Crossing the gap, I look
When I look up at who I ran into, I immediately
I see no stains (污迹) and wave him off. As he goes into the train, I think how “funny” it is since I have been so
| A．quiet | B．cheerful | C．crowded | D．fast |
| A．aim | B．use | C．reason | D．evidence |
| A．story | B．music | C．lecture | D．advertisement |
| A．analyzing | B．expecting | C．counting | D．planning |
| A．moves | B．waits | C．stops | D．changes |
| A．treated | B．settled | C．completed | D．left |
| A．up | B．around | C．back | D．below |
| A．excited | B．shocked | C．comfortable | D．nervous |
| A．head | B．hand | C．earphone | D．coffee |
| A．as | B．if | C．though | D．unless |
| A．passes | B．reaches | C．offers | D．collects |
| A．go around | B．get off | C．go up | D．get up |
| A．middle | B．start | C．end | D．opposite |
| A．down | B．out | C．about | D．over |
| A．watch | B．escape | C．touch | D．enter |
| A．break | B．find | C．recognize | D．save |
| A．complain | B．remember | C．notice | D．decide |
| A．waves | B．speaks | C．apologizes | D．explains |
| A．check | B．prepare | C．realize | D．protect |
| A．concerned | B．interested | C．confused | D．pleased |
4 . Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion — a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members of groups. Society’s economic underpinnings (支柱) would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive (刺激, 动机) to work. In fact, there would be no incentives of any kind, for as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.
In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instruments of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize (分类) objects on the basis of our emotions. True, we consider the length, shape, size or texture (质地, 纹理), but an object’s physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us — hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experience with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are “good” and others are “bad”, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life — from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society uses our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty, morality, pride, shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal penal (刑法的) system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.
1. Suppose there is no emotion in the world. Which of the following is TRUE according to the first paragraph?| A．People would not be able to tell the texture of objects. |
| B．People would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to them. |
| C．$10 million is equal to $10 in a world without emotions. |
| D．There would be full of lies, arguments and violence. |
| A．the ability to make money | B．the capacity to work |
| C．the stimulus (刺激) to work | D．the categorizations of our emotional experiences |
| A．they provide the means by which people view the size or shape of objects |
| B．they are the basis for the social feeling of agreement by which society is maintained |
| C．they encourage people to perform dangerous achievements |
| D．they produce more love than hate among people |
| A．They help society use its members for profit. |
| B．They encourage us to perform important tasks. |
| C．They help to perfect the legal and penal system. |
| D．They help us adapt our behaviors to the world surrounding us. |
| A．People could only live in a world with emotions. |
| B．People would always do bad things in the emotionless world. |
| C．Emotions are very important in the world. |
| D．Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. |
5 . History is full of cases where dreams have been a pathway to creativity and discovery. A striking example is provided by Dr. Otto Loewi, a pharmacologist and winner of a Nobel Prize. Loewi had spent years studying the chemical transmission of nerve impulses (脉搏). A great breakthrough in his research came when he dreamed of an experiment three nights in a row. The first two nights he woke up and wrote down the experiment quickly and untidily on paper. But the next morning, he couldn’t tell what the notes meant. On the third night, he got up after having the dream. This time, instead of making notes he went straight to his laboratory and performed the important experiment. Loewi later said that if the experiment had occurred to him while awake he would have rejected it.
Loewi’s experiment gives some insight into using dreams to produce creative solutions. Nervous feelings are reduced while you are dreaming, which may be especially useful in solving problems that require a fresh point of view.
Being able to take advantage of dreams for solving is improved if you “set” yourself before retiring. Before you go to bed, try to think intently about a problem you wish to solve. Bury yourself in the problem by stating it clearly and reviewing all relevant information. Then use the suggestions listed in the previous section to catch your dreams. Although this method is not guaranteed to produce a novel solution or a new insight, it is certain to be an adventure. About half of a group of college students using the method for a week recalled a dream that helped them solve a personal problem.
1. The main idea of this passage is that ________.| A．very little is really known about the meaning of dreams |
| B．it is possible to “catch” one’s dreams by planning before going to sleep |
| C．dreams can be useful in producing creative solutions to one’s problems |
| D．Loewi’s experiment helped in the study of transmission of nerve impulses |
| A．classifying types of experiments |
| B．summarizing the work of one researcher |
| C．comparing and exploring historical cases |
| D．telling in time order about one man’s research |
| A．taken it seriously | B．thought it was a ridiculous idea |
| C．tested it | D．doubted it |
| A．dreaming is a better way than taking notes in scientific research |
| B．if we want to be creative, we must make use of our dreams |
| C．nervous feelings may stop someone thinking of useful ideas |
| D．dreaming is surely a good way to produce a new solution. |
| A．going to sleep | B．giving up your job | C．having a break | D．thinking of a solution |
6 . Library Special Needs Service
Shellharbour City Library provides a range of Library Special Needs Service for people who are unable to access our library service in the usual way. As long as you live in Shellharbour City, we’ll provide a full range of library services and resources including:
● Large printed and ordinary printed books
● Talking books on tape and CD
● DVDs and music CDs
● Magazines
● Reference and information requests
You will be asked to complete a ‘Statement of Need’ application form which must be signed by a medical professional.
Home delivery service
Let us know what you like to read and we will choose the resources for you. Our staff will deliver the resources to your home for free. We also provide a service where we can choose the resources for you or someone instead of you choose the things from the library. You can also choose the resources you need personally.
Talking books and captioned videos
The library can provide talking books for people who are unable to use printed books because of eye diseases. You don’t have to miss out on reading any more when you can borrow talking books from the library. If you have limited hearing which prevents you from enjoying movies, we can provide captioned videos for you at no charge.
Languages besides English
We can provide books in a range of languages besides English. If possible, we will request these items from the State Library of NSW, Australia.
How to join?
Contact the Library Special Needs Coordinator to register or discuss if you are eligible for any of the services we provide --- Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday 9am --- 5pm on 4297 2522 for more information.
1. Library Special Needs Service are meant for ________.| A．those who are fond of reading |
| B．only those who have walking disabilities |
| C．people living in Shellharbour City with an illness or disability |
| D．those who can’t get medical help in Shellharbour City |
| A．captioned videos | B．talking books |
| C．magazines | D．ordinary printed books |
| A．Books with different languages are available. |
| B．Few entertaining resources are offered here. |
| C．People with limited hearing have to pay for captioned videos. |
| D．People have to choose what they need by themselves. |
| A．only choose printed books | B．register ahead of time |
| C．pay the library ahead of time | D．have others choose the resources for you |
| A．By emailing the library. | B．By visiting the library personally. |
| C．By contacting the library on weekends. | D．By phoning the library at the required time. |
7 . When Katie Stagliano grew a 40-pound cabbage, she didn’t know that she was beginning to develop a dream as well. When the 10-year-old girl from Summerville, South Carolina realized how much cabbage was in her garden, she decided to donate it to needy families by working with Fields to Families, a nonprofit organization based in South Carolina that gives the hungry access to nutritious fruits and vegetables.
Katie’s cabbage fed nearly 300 people and inspired her to learn more about childhood hunger in the United States. On discovering that more than 12 million kids in the United States go to bed hungry each night, Katie decided to take action.
Her first task was to work together with her family to expand their own garden so that they could donate more vegetables to needy families. But beyond her own backyard, she wanted to teach other children how to get involved. To grow her idea, she started the planting of a garden at her school, which also donates its fresh produce to local food agencies. Through a generous donation from Fields to Families, Katie’s school is receiving seeds and volunteer help, and Katie will get the chance to work there with a master gardener as her teacher!
Katie also designed her very own “No Hungry Children” T-shirt, which is available for purchase online. A part of the proceeds from her T-shirt sales economically supports Katie’s efforts, as well as the work of Amazing Kids, a nonprofit organization that focuses on the dreams of kids like Katie.
“I think it is important to have something to strive for,” says Katie. “By planting a garden or just some seeds in a pot you can make a difference. My cabbage alone fed 275 people. If more kids did the same, we all could be helping to make a long-time dream of no hungry people possible.”
1. What would be the best title of this passage?| A．Katie Stagliano, a girl full of dreams. |
| B．Everyone can make a success. |
| C．Ten-year-old Katie Stagliano fights against hunger. |
| D．American hungry children in need of help. |
| A．works to feed hungry people | B．grows fruits and vegetables |
| C．has fields in South Carolina | D．provides job opportunities for poor families |
| A．experiences | B．profits |
| C．ideas | D．friends |
| A．she can grow more cabbages in her garden |
| B．every child has something important in their lives |
| C．hungry people can have dreams like others |
| D．more children will plant vegetables to help the hungry |
| A．Hunger is a problem most American children face. |
| B．Katie expanded her friends’ gardens to grow vegetables. |
| C．Katie will learn more about gardening at Fields to Families. |
| D．Amazing Kids helped Katie design the “No Hungry Children” T-shirt. |
8 . China is taking a reform into account on its College Entrance Examination, under which two separate test modes-
The test for technical mode will mainly
Calls for reform of the current gaokao regime, under which students are admitted based
Last year, China had 6.99 million college
According to a sample survey of
| A．economic | B．technical | C．combined | D．academic |
| A．rises | B．falls | C．changes | D．turns |
| A．act on | B．operate on | C．reflect on | D．focus on |
| A．teachers | B．officials | C．engineers | D．writers |
| A．create | B．cultivate | C．know | D．pursue |
| A．largely | B．slightly | C．totally | D．wholly |
| A．standing | B．keeping | C．flying | D．running |
| A．Admittedly | B．Supposedly | C．Excitedly | D．Repeatedly |
| A．completely | B．naturally | C．relatively | D．reasonably |
| A．past | B．origin | C．appearance | D．fate |
| A．commented | B．targeted | C．enjoyed | D．regarded |
| A．landing | B．hiring | C．doing | D．liking |
| A．students | B．graduates | C．technicians | D．employees |
| A．data | B．guess | C．media | D．instruction |
| A．However | B．Therefore | C．Anyway | D．Furthermore |
| A．possibly | B．importantly | C．necessarily | D．generally |
| A．find | B．raise | C．accept | D．support |
| A．talented | B．proficient | C．retired | D．dedicated |
| A．less than | B．more than | C．rather than | D．other than |
| A．connected | B．associated | C．dealt | D．compared |
1.参加体育锻炼的好处。
2.介绍一些适合学生做的体育项目。
注意：
1.词数不少于100；
2.可适当加入细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear fellow students,
I am Li Hua, chairman of the Student Union.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10 . You may be surprised to learn that one of the best steps you can take to protect your health is to step outside and spend some time in the grass, dirt and water. Our ancestors enjoyed the healing power of nature, and now scientists are starting to catch up. Researchers have documented how contact with nature can decrease mental tiredness, and enhance moods, concentration and problem-solving. Just having a view of nature has been shown to improve hospital patients’ recovery and reduce illness rates. Exposure to the open air, horseback riding, hiking, camping can be helpful for a variety of health conditions in adults and children. Much of this type of research is focusing on children, and in fact an entire movement has quickly developed to connect kids with the healing power of nature.
Obesity. Rates of childhood, adult obesity and related conditions including diabetes (糖尿病) and heart disease have grown greatly in recent years, partly because of reducing the time of outdoor activities. This problem can be partly addressed by increasing the time students spend learning about nature, both in and outside the classroom. Such lessons are often more engaging to students and often lead them to become more active outside.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (注意力缺失症). An exposure to ordinary natural settings in the course of common after-school and weekend activities may be widely effective in reducing attention shortness symptoms (症状) in children. Participation in green activities helps ADHD patients keep focused and complete tasks.
Stress. Access to nature, even houseplants, can help children deal with stress.
Depression and seasonal emotional disorder. Major depression requires medical treatment, but physical activity, especially those done outdoors, can help ease symptoms. Staying in the sunshine for just a few minutes can also help supply bone-building vitamin D. Experts say that simply walking in a city park can enjoy nature’s benefits.
1. According to the passage, which of the following is the most important for you to keep healthy?| A．Healthy diet. | B．Exercises. |
| C．Outdoor activities. | D．No smoking. |
| A．improve | B．add |
| C．destroy | D．control |
| A．People didn’t enjoy the healing power of nature until recent years. |
| B．Having a view of nature is the only way to improve health conditions. |
| C．Outdoors activities are good for people’s health. |
| D．Researchers have found out what causes people’s mental tiredness and illness. |
| A．helping people to control stress |
| B．helping children to increase the vitamin D level |
| C．helping people to reduce the symptoms of ADHD |
| D．helping scientists to believe the rates of adult obesity and the healing power of the open air |
| A．Contact with Nature | B．The Benefits of Nature to Health |
| C．Exposure to the Open Air | D．Some Health Conditions |
