1 . Going to the bathroom while floating in space can be tricky. Gravity is very weak in space, meaning toilets cannot flush (冲刷) the same way that they do on Earth. In a new contest, NASA is asking inventors from around the world to develop a new space toilet. The space agency is looking for a design that would work both aboard the International Space Station (ISS) as well as on the moon. NASA plans to use this toilet aboard a future lunar lander as part of the Artemis program, which will send humans to the moon by 2024.
Anyone can apply to this challenge, and the winning design will receive a $20,000 prize. The second-place design will win $10,000, and the third-place winner will win $5,000. The contest includes a “junior” category in which anyone under the age of 18 can apply with their creative space toilet idea. Winners in the junior category will receive public recognition and NASA souvenirs.
Designs should also take up no more than 4.2 cubic feet of space. The toilet itself shouldn’t be louder than 60 decibels, which is about the same volume as a bathroom fan. The space toilet will have to be able to collect both urine (尿液) and fecest (粪便) at the same time. It should be able to hold at least a quarter gallon (1 liter) of liquid waste. It should also be able to hold 17.6 ounces (500 grams) of solid waste. The final requirements are that the system must be able to store or get rid of waste, and it should also be able to be cleaned and maintained in five minutes or less.
Hopefully, this toilet will be an improvement on previous systems for waste removal. A waste removal system is a method of disposing of urine and feces. If you are a creative inventor, come and join us!
1. Which aspect of the design is not required in the contest?A.Its covering space. | B.Its volume. | C.Its time of cleaning. | D.Its weight. |
A.It’s a toilet design contest held by ISS for the American inventors. |
B.It has a total prize pool of 45,000 to be shared by winning teams. |
C.For the contestants, there are no limits to your age and nationalities. |
D.If you are the winner under the age of 18, you will win 5,000. |
A.Giving away. | B.Putting off. | C.Getting rid of. | D.Picking out. |
A.To introduce a toilet design contest. | B.To attract inventors to take part in the contest. |
C.To explain the necessity of a toilet in space. | D.To show the difficulty of living in space. |
2 . The vicinity (地区), between southern Angola and northern Namibia, is home to a leafy green plant that can live up to 1,000 years. This “Immortal” plant’s lifespan encourages researchers wondering why, out of all climates the world has to offer, this plant finds itself to thrive in the harsh, dry, and quite unforgiving Namib Desert known to reach less than two inches of rainfall a year.
Welwitschia (千岁兰), meaning “two leaves that cannot die,” in Afrikaans, was discovered by biologists Charles Darwin and the botanist Friedrich Welwitsch, whom the plant was named after in 1859. Andrew Leitch, a plant geneticist at Queen Mary University of London, explains, “Generally speaking, this plant can live thousands of years. When it does stop growing, it’s dead.
Nature Communications, a study published in July, conducted research to discover and identify the magic within Welwitschia’s genetic makeup. Researchers were able to infer, “Approximately 86 million years ago, after a mistake in cell division, the entire Welwitschia genome (基因组) doubled during a time of increased and prolonged drought in the region.” Additional research concluded that repeated genes lost their defining purposes, allowing some to develop new functions. But because DNA reproduction consumes high levels of energy, repeated genes can at times cause more harm than good, especially in severe weather conditions.
This plant also has more magic coming out of its leaves. Unlike most plants, where the leaves grow from the ends of its stem and branches, the Welwitschia’s leaves grow from a “vulnerable” area called the basal meristem (分生组织), which supplies fresh cells to the growing plant. The combination of internal and external factors of the Welwitschia has allowed the plant to continue thriving in extreme temperature conditions. Researchers are hopeful that Welwitschia can also provide insight into the agricultural industry and how we can develop drought tolerant crops.
1. What does the underlined word “thrive” in paragraph 1 mean?A.Grow well. | B.Fade away. | C.Rise up. | D.Break down. |
A.The Welwitschia must have a life span of several thousand years or more. |
B.Copied genes can do more harm than good due to energy consumption. |
C.Biologist Charles Darwin named the Welwitschia in 1859. |
D.The Welwitschia’s leaves, like most plants, grow from the basal meristem. |
A.Solve the crisis facing the agricultural industry. |
B.Give a deeper understanding of the agricultural industry. |
C.Be planted as drought tolerant crops in the future. |
D.Not bear extreme temperature conditions. |
A.Copied Genomes of a Long-lived Plant. |
B.Two Leaves That Cannot Die. |
C.The “Immortal” Plant Tells Its Tale. |
D.Agricultural Development with Welwitschia. |
“What do you call traditional medicine that works?” “Medicine.” This old joke contains more than a milligram of truth. For example, Tu Youyou,a Chinese chemist,
Over 1.7 billion people, most
A team put a crude sample on
4 . The Harrow brewery was losing ground year after year because sales were so low that there was no money to advertise on television. It was a vicious circle.
As a salesman, Andrew
The next day, people passing by the square found Julien’s urine
Andrew became known as a sales
A.instantly | B.repeatedly | C.hurriedly | D.immediately |
A.refused | B.accepted | C.admitted | D.permitted |
A.donation | B.finance | C.collection | D.loan |
A.sale | B.exchange | C.broadcast | D.advertisement |
A.Why | B.Although | C.When | D.Since |
A.famous | B.designed | C.praised | D.awarded |
A.expected | B.impressed | C.accompanied | D.inspired |
A.peer | B.portray | C.statue | D.square |
A.turned into | B.turned away | C.turned down | D.turned off |
A.marks | B.reads | C.writes | D.shines |
A.showed up | B.stood up | C.turned up | D.lined up |
A.concentrated | B.rushed | C.preserved | D.focused |
A.tried | B.affected | C.managed | D.restored |
A.jumped | B.reserved | C.addressed | D.struggled |
A.professor | B.tutor | C.specialist | D.representative |
5 . Puppet Festival Mississauga!
ABOUT THE EVENTPuppet Festival Mississauga is an annual event for families taking place at March break all across the city of Mississauga.
Treat your family to quality theatre at Puppet Festival Mississauga this March Break. Puppet Festival Mississauga presents live theatre that encourages children to be curious about the world around them.
Featuring:
Choo.Choo.Whistle.Woof!A PUPPET SHOW FROM CZECHIA
A dog overcomes his fear of the unknown and ventures on a great train adventure!A Puppet Show for Kids at Mississauga Puppet Festival this March Break 2023. Great for Kids 2+.
The Happy Prince-A PUPPET SHOW FROM MEXICOAn unforgettable puppet show filled with magic and friendship. Based on the classic children’s tale by Oscar Wilde. Watch This Puppet Show for Kids in Spanish and English. at Mississauga Puppet Festival this March Break 2023. Great for Ages 3+.
And more!
Event LocationMaja Prentice Theatre is a 200-seat theatre located at the corner of Dixie and Burnamthorpe Road, which is home to live theatre shows, musicals, dance and community events, all year round.
1. Where is this text probably taken from?A.A textbook. | B.A research plan. | C.A traveling guide. | D.A news site. |
A.Be dauntless(无畏的)and fearless. | B.Know more about friendship. |
C.Get the Oscar statuette. | D.Be curious about the world. |
A.Have an adventure. | B.Buy a puppet. |
C.Do community service. | D.Enjoy a music drama. |
注意: 1.词数100左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1. What’s Friends?
A.A TV play. | B.An English movie. | C.An English news broadcast. |
A.In their 20s. | B.In their 30s. | C.In their 40s. |
A.By listing examples. |
B.By introducing different backgrounds. |
C.By making fun of each other’s shortcomings. |
A.In a university. | B.At an educational firm. | C.In a language school. |
1. When did the man get to Washington, D.C.?
A.At about 8:00. | B.At about 10:00. | C.At about 12:00 |
A.The man himself. | B.The Army Band. | C.A private organization. |
A.To take photos. | B.To receive honor. | C.To meet reporters. |
A.Ashamed. | B.Proud. | C.Content. |
A.Buy food | B.See a doctor | C.Attend a meet |
10 . The African elephant holds the record for sleeping the least among mammals — about two hours a day — but now, the elephant seal is giving its namespace a run for its money. Recent experiments on elephant seals showed the animals averaged only two hours of sleep per day during the seven months out of the year they spent at sea.
Jessie Kendall-Bar, a Ph. D. at the University of California, discovered elephant seals’ special ability. She found in the open ocean, elephant seals sleep less than two hours per day. While on land, they sleep more than 10 hours a day. “That’s really special,” she says. Previous observations had shown that elephant seals in the open ocean surface for a couple of minutes at a time. So scientists knew that they must be sleeping underwater. But they knew very little about it.
To find out more, Kendall-Bar developed a headcap to gather data about the animals’ brain waves, heart rates, dive (潜水) depths, and movements to determine when they were sleeping. She discovered that seals do not sleep in two-hour bursts. Instead, they take some “catnaps (小睡)” lasting less than 20 minutes each. Starting at the surface, adult seals take 10-minute dives at great depths, usually from 300 to 1,000 feet.
At this point, the animals enter the first stage of sleep, or slow-wave sleep. Then, they fall into REM sleep, when their bodies turn upside down. It seems REM sleep at great depths is risky because of the inability to escape at that moment. “It is just scary to imagine an animal doing this underwater in that state,” says study co-author Terrie Williams.
But what’s likely happening is that the seals are sleeping at great depths where their primary hunters — sharks and killer whales — hardly appear. “The elephant seal is basically using its ability to div e really deep as a protective mechanism (机制),” says Kendall-Bar. “It doesn’t have to keep one eye open or stay awake. It’s sleeping with its entire brain.”
1. Why does the author start the text with the African elephant?A.To point out the sleep problems of animals. |
B.To introduce elephant seals’ sleeping patterns. |
C.To praise elephant seals’ great ability to survive. |
D.To stress the importance of getting enough sleep. |
A.Their sleep habits vary by location. |
B.They spend a long time playing in the sea. |
C.They can enter a stage of deep sleep quickly. |
D.Their brain waves are slower than other large animals’. |
A.It’s a common group activity. | B.It can increase their heart rates. |
C.It’s made up of a series of short sleep. | D.It helps them develop their swimming ability. |
A.To get sufficient food easily. | B.To escape from loud noises. |
C.To maintain their body temperature. | D.To avoid attack from natural enemies. |