A.Husband and wife. |
B.Father and daughter. |
C.Employer and employee. |
2 . Search “toxic parents”, and you’ll find more than 38, 000 posts, largely urging young adults to cut ties with their families. The idea is to safeguard one’s mental health from abusive parents. However, as a psychoanalyst (精神分析学家), I’ve seen that trend in recent years become a way to manage conflicts in the family, and I have seen the severe impacts estrangement (疏远) has on both sides of the divide. This is a self-help trend that creates much harm.
“Canceling” your parent can be seen as an extension of a cultural trend aimed at correcting imbalances in power and systemic inequality. Today’s social justice values respond to this reality, calling on us to criticize oppressive and harmful figures and to gain power for those who have been powerless. But when adult children use the most effective tool they have – themselves – to gain a sense of security and ban their parents from their lives, the roles are simply switched, and the pain only deepens.
Often, what I see in my practice are cases of family conflict mismanaged, power dynamics turned upside down rather than negotiated. I see the terrible effect of that trend: situations with no winners, only isolated humans who long to be known and feel safe in the presence of the other.
The catch is that after estrangement, adult children are not suddenly less dependent. In fact, they feel abandoned and betrayed, because in the unconscious, it doesn’t matter who is doing the leaving; the feeling that remains is “being left”. They carry the ghosts of their childhood, tackling the emotional reality that those who raised us can never truly be left behind, no matter how hard we try.
What I have found is that most of these families need repair, not permanent break-up. How can one learn how to negotiate needs, to create boundaries and to trust? How can we love others, and ourselves, if not through accepting the limitations that come with being human? Good relationships are the result not of a perfect level of harmony but rather of successful adjustments.
To pursue dialogue instead of estrangement will be hard and painful work. It can’t be a single project of “self-help”, because at the end of the day, real intimacy (亲密关系) is achieved by working through the injuries of the past together. In most cases of family conflict, repair is possible and preferable to estrangement – and it’s worth the work.
1. Why do young people cut ties with the family?A.To gain an independent life. | B.To restore harmony in the family. |
C.To protect their psychological well-being. | D.To follow a tendency towards social justice. |
A.Response. | B.Problem. | C.Operation. | D.Emphasis. |
A.break down boundaries | B.gain power within the family |
C.live up to their parents’ expectations | D.accept imperfection of family members |
A.To advocate a self-help trend. | B.To justify a common social value. |
C.To argue against a current practice. | D.To discuss a means of communication. |
3 . Communication Tips
Here are some suggestions about making your talk with your parents turn out for the best.
Be honest.
If you’re always honest, your parents will be likely to believe what you say. If you sometimes hide the truth, parents will have a harder time to believe what you tell them.
Be brave and start talking.
It’s easy to say “Hi, Mum” or “Dad, can you pass the potatoes?”
If you have a disagreement, can you consider things from your parents’ points of view? If you can, telling your parents you understand their views and feelings helps them be willing to understand yours, too.
Try not to argue.
Using a friendly and respectful tone makes your parents more likely to listen to you and take what you say seriously.
What if it doesn’t work? If you still can’t talk to your parents, seek other adults’ help.
A.Explain your situation. |
B.Try to understand them. |
C.If you lie, they’ll find it hard to trust you. |
D.Parents are the most important people in your life. |
E.But it can be harder to start talking about personal topics. |
F.It also makes it more likely that they’ll talk to you in the same way. |
G.Find a relative or a teacher who will listen to, understand and care about you. |
A. particularly B. impact C. ensuring D. cost E. threat F. additional G. connectivity H. response I. address J. function K. forced |
The United States is committed to empowering women all over the world. In too many places around the world today women face barriers to equality, resources, and opportunities, said USAID’s Senior official Michelle Bekkering. It could be a barrier to credit, to the
“Gender-based violence harms women, girls, their families, communities and countries,” added Bekkering.
Gender-based violence, is a universal barrier to global security, women’s empowerment, and economic growth. It is estimated right now that gender-based violence has
USAID is trying to eliminate it through prevention and response. On prevention, we first need to learn what’s causing the problem,
As part of a
Improving girls’ education is a step in the right direction, said Ms. Bekkering. For every
U.S. Congress appropriates (拨款) a combined 150 million dollars to the State Department and to USAID for the global effort to
Women and girls should be safe from the
We don’t choose our siblings the way we choose our partners and friends. Of course, we don’t choose our parents either, but they usually make that up to us by accompanying us on the way to adulthood. Brothers and sisters are just sort of there. And yet, when it comes to our development, they can be more influential than parents.
Whether these relationships make our life better or worse is a more complicated question. On the upside, positive interactions with siblings during adolescence foster empathy, prosocial behavior, and academic achievement. However, when a sibling relationship is bad, it can be really bad. Tense sibling relationships make people more likely to be depressed and anxious in adolescence. Moreover, sibling bullying makes a kid involved in self-harm as a teen and develop mental problems in adulthood.
Whether a person models himself after his siblings or tries to distinguish himself has particularly important consequences. One study found that siblings who felt positive about each other tended to achieve similar education levels while those who spent unequal time with their dad and got unequal parental treatment had different educational fortunes. That difference is changeable. On the other hand, following your sibling can be a mistake: teenagers are more likely to be involved in risky behavior if an older sibling did so first.
One way or another, sibling influence is lasting. A study of more than one million Swedes found that one’s risk of dying of a heart attack multiplies after a sibling dies of one, due not only to shared DNA but also to the stress of losing such a key figure. The findings make sense: Most of us are different people than we’d have been if our brothers or sisters were never born.
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My father often took me to his hospital when I was off my school. He showed me how his medical instruments was used. I felt so closely to him. However, after I went to high school, somehow I become distant from him. I was unwilling talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not stay out with my friends too late. The disagreement was too sharp that neither he nor I knew what to settle it. One day, he talked with me or hoped to mend our relations. With the efforts made by all sides, we began to understand each other better.
1. What did the woman do last week?
A.She published a book. |
B.She attended an interview. |
C.She gave a speech to children. |
A.Selfish. | B.Peaceful. | C.Independent. |
A.They are aggressive. | B.They’re not considerate. | C.They are stubborn. |
8 . The quality of the family relationship is more important than family configuration (结构). A healthy family relationship is the base of a happy family.
A family with a healthy relationship requires every single family member’s commitment. Family members hold family as a top priority (优先考虑的事) and consider the impact on relatives before making important decisions. Family members are dependable and always there for each other in times of crisis.
A characteristic of healthy family relationship is that they spend time doing enjoyable activities together.
A.Therefore, members do not feel they are on their own |
B.Family members share everything they have with each other |
C.Respect is an important characteristic of healthy family relationships |
D.It provides members with the support and encouragement that they need |
E.Family members tend to select activities that help the family to grow closer |
F.It is important to keep in mind that each family member is a unique individual |
G.Families with healthy relationships engage in positive and meaningful communication |
[1] Usually when your teacher asks a question there is only one correct answer. But there is one question that has millions of correct answers. That question is “What’s your name?” Everyone gives a different answer but everyone is correct. Have you ever wondered about people’s names? Where do they come from? What do they mean?
[2] People’s first names or given names are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used. Some parents ________. A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones.
[3] Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means “bright”; Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”; Donald means “world ruler”; Leonard means “as brave as a lion”.
[4] The earliest last names or surnames were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near a brook(小溪);someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.
[5] Other early surnames came from people’s occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past smiths were very important workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter — a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter —a person who made pots and pans.
[6] The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenter’s great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture.
[7] Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin or their size or their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John who was very tall could call himself John Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.
[8] Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name. English-speaking people added –s or –son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family’s ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O. Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O’Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell.
1. What is the best title of the passage? (Within 10 words)2. Please fill in the blank in the 2nd paragraph with proper words to complete the sentence.(Within 10 words.)
3. According to the passage what job did the ancestors of the Potter family most probably do?
4. List two aspects that the surnames cover in the passage.
1)
5. Translate the underlined sentence in the 7th paragraph into Chinese.
10 . Life offers its fair share of challenges. At any given time, anyone can face difficult sea- sons in their life. It is true for you. When you're experiencing difficulty, it's always helpful to have a support system to get through it.
Offer legal resources. If you have family members who are in trouble with the law, you can offer assistance by pointing in the direction of various legal resources, You can even decide to cover a part of their legal fees in court.
Provide encouragement. When people are down on their luck, it's really easy for them to get discouraged and give up. Instead, it's a wise move to offer words of encouragement to the person. Always remind them that they're strong, capable and more powerful than they realize.
Be a safe place. Sometimes, people struggle because they don't feel any love or support from anyone around them.
A.No man is an island. |
B.Encourage independence |
C.In fact, they are surrounded by pressure. |
D.Always compete with your family members. |
E.Tell them that they will get through this situation. |
F.It's all up to you to decide how you can help them. |
G.However, you know that there's nothing you can do. |