Marie Curie was one of the     1     (much) famous and greatest people of her time. Together with her husband Pierre, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1903, and she tried her best     2     (win) another in 1911. Marie     3     (be) the daughter of a teacher, and in 1891 she went to Paris to study physics and mathematics at the Sorbonne (索邦大学)    4     she met Piere Curie, professor of the School of Physics. They got married in 1895. At the end of 1898, they announced     5    discovery of radium. The Curies, were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903.

Pierre's life was cut short in 1906 when he     6     (kill) by a carriage. Marie took over his teaching work,     7     (become) the first woman to teach at the Sorbonne. She received a second Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 191l. Despite her     8     (succeed), Marie continued to face great objection (反对) from men     9    (scientist) in France. In the late 1920s, her health was beginning to become worse, and she died     10    July 4th, 1934 from high-energy radiation from her research.

One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually a    1     a higher yield than c    2     crops. However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great d    3    . The common a    4     then was that it could not be done. Through i    5     effort, Yuan o    6     enormous technical d    7     to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for f    8     in 1974. This hybrid e    9     farmers to e    10     their output greatly.

4 . 根据课文内容，在空白处填入所缺的单词。

       However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all. In     1    , doctors in those days had two     2     theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. Another was that cholera was caused by an     3     from germs in food or water. Snow     4     to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed     5    .

5 . What would life be like if you were a rocker, a soccer player, a professor at Stanford University, and a Nobel Prize winner? Carolyn Bertozzi from the US lives such a cool life!

Bertozzi, 56, shares this year’s Nobel Prize in chemistry with Barry Sharpless (US) and Morten Meldal (Denmark). She became this year’s only woman winner in science and the eighth woman to receive the chemistry prize in history.

Bertozzi won the prize for studying the sugar coats of cells. She has found a smart way to connect cells by connecting their sugar coats. The cells then have a green color so that scientists can see clearly where they are and how they move. According to the University of California, Berkeley, this finding “offered a springboard(跳板) for a wide range of applications”, such as developing better tests for infectious diseases and new treatments for cancer.

Despite her great achievements, Bertozzi said she was not very interested in chemistry until her second year at Harvard University. “The professors intentionally made the class very difficult,” she told Chemistry World magazine. “My classmates complained a lot, but I like it.”

Apart from doing science studies, Bertozzi has lived a colorful life. She was a keyboarder in a rock band. “I even used to think about majoring in music,” she said. She also played soccer, and won an athletic scholarship from Harvard.

As a female scientist, Bertozzi tries to promote gender equality. In 2022, Bertozzi won an award from the American Association for the Advancement of Science for her work to increase diversity in science.

6 . Four Places Named After Scientists in Antarctica

There are many scientific breakthroughs made by women in Antarctic. Here are four landmarks in Antarctica and the female pioneers they’re named for.

Jones Terrace (梯田)

The ice-free terrace in eastern Antarctica’s Victoria Land bears Jones’ name. In 1969, geochemist Lois M. Jones led the first all-female research team from the U.S. to work in Antarctica. Jones and her team studied chemical weathering in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, an ice-free area of Antarctica. Through chemical analyses of rocks they had collected, Jones and her team discovered many geochemical characteristics of the valley’s ice-covered lakes.

Mount Fiennes

8,202-foot-high Mount Fiennes, located on Antarctica’s largest island — Alexander Island — is named for Ginny Fiennes. She established and maintained 80-foot-tall radio towers in the Antarctic. In 1985, Fiennes became the first female who was invited to join the Antarctic Club, a British supper club open to individuals who have spent extended time in the Antarctic region.

Francis Peak

The 3,727-foot-tall peak on Antarctica’s Adelaide Island is named after Dame Jane Francis, who is the first female director of the British Antarctic Survey, the national polar research institute of the UK. Her collection of fossils on Seymour Island helped conclude in a 2021 paper that Antarctica’s abundant plant fossils indicate the continent once had a much warmer climate than it currently does.

Peden Cliffs

Peden Cliffs near Antarctica’s Marie Byrd Land are proof of the labor of Irene Peden. She was the first American female scientist to both live and work in the Antarctic, where she used radio waves to study ice sheets. Peden and her team determined how very low frequency radio waves spread over long polar distances by measuring pathways in the ice. They also used varying radio wave frequencies to measure the thickness of Antarctica’s ice sheets.

After graduating in 1953, he worked as a researcher. Yuan Longping realised that     1     (large) fields were not the solution. Instead, farmers needed to boost yields     2     the fields they had. How this could be done was a     3     (challenge) question at the time. Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. A hybrid is a cross between two or more     4     (variety) of a species. One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than     5     (convention) crops. However,     6     it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was     7     matter of great debate. The common     8     (assume) then was that it could not be done. Through intense effort, Yuan     9     (overcome) enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974.This hybrid enabled farmers     10     (expand) their output greatly.

Yuan Longping, k     1     as the “father of hybrid rice”, is one of China’s most famous s     2     . Yet, he considers himself a farmer because he continually works the l     3     in his research. Indeed, his slim but s     4     body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he has d     5       his life.

Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing. His parents wanted him to p     6     a career in science or medicine. However, what c     7     him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious s     8     of food to eat. To t     9     this crisis, he chose to study agriculture and received an e     10     at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.