1 . Dr. Tatiana Erukhimova is a physics professor at Texas A&M who aims to show her students, especially the young women, that there are no limits.
Only 25% of physics undergraduate students are female. Perhaps it is because boys grow up playing with machines and making drawings of fast cars and rocket explosions. But girls are just as curious about the way the world works — they just haven’t jumped into the culture of chemical reactions, energy and magnetic force with as much enthusiasm. That is, until they see one of Tatiana’s videos showing the science behind real life’s magic. Tatiana is really one of the few living female examples they could follow.
Her videos get millions of views. She is a ball of energy with a short haircut, a Russian accent and a lively personality that makes physics accessible to the younger audience. Young girls are attracted to Tatiana’s attractive demonstrations the way they flock to pop concerts. This is real. This is science they can participate in. This is an open door to endless possibilities.
“These short clips are the spark that inspires,” Tatiana says with so much excitement that it lights up the room. Everything she does involves students. She believes the magic in learning is when your peers are part of the demonstration, when you are part of the teaching process.
“She wants everything to be a celebration of science,” says one of Tatiana’s former students. And indeed, the classroom is in a party atmosphere, with students cheering when amazed by Newton’s law of motion, demonstrated by a spinning bicycle wheel held upright by the professor. It’s hard to tell who is more delighted, Tatiana or her students. She is an attraction for female students who are graduating college and working in the sciences in higher numbers than ever before.
Dr. Tatiana’s story began in Russia and her parents were both physicists. After the breakup of the Soviet Union, Tatiana moved to Texas with her husband, also a physicist. They both teach at Texas A&M, and when Tatiana isn’t in the classroom, she is doing outreach with schoolchildren, amazing them with spinning lights that soon form words, liquid oxygen that shrinks objects and chemical reactions that expand matter to 10 times its size. But most importantly, she is expanding the audience of female physicists.
1. According to the passage, why do girls sometimes hesitate to jump into the culture of physics?| A．Lack of interest in chemical reactions. |
| B．Cultural differences in curiosity. |
| C．Absence of female role models. |
| D．Fear of liquid oxygen demonstrations. |
| A．They were made by a female physician. |
| B．They feature engaging demonstrations. |
| C．They are meant for Tatiana’s homeland. |
| D．They have received millions of likes online. |
| A．Appealing to students with fascinating demonstrations. |
| B．Teaching students some difficult physics concepts. |
| C．Explaining the history of Newton’s law of motion. |
| D．Encouraging girls to attend parties and pop concerts. |
| A．Female Professor Rejecting Gender Barrier |
| B．Russian Physicist and Female Scientists |
| C．Physics Professor Stimulating Girls’ Passion |
| D．The Significance of Online Short Videos |
2 . It is that time of the year, when a handful of world’s leading scholars, social activists and researchers are rewarded with what is often cited as the most prestigious acknowledgement of human effort-the Nobel Prize. Here’s a look at who has won the prize and for what.
Physiology or Medicine
Swedish geneticist Svante Peabo won the first Nobel of the year, for starting the field of ancient DNA studies. He is well-known for extracting, sequencing, and analyzing ancient DNA from Neanderthal bones.
Physics
Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser and Anton Zeilinger’s work in quantum (量子) technology landed them the second Nobel Prize announced in 2022. Although Aspect is from France, Clauser from the U.S, and Zeilinger from Austria, the three separately performed “groundbreaking experiments” as one team. “Their results have cleared the way for new technology,” the committee stated.
Chemistry
The Nobel Prize for chemistry went to another trio, Carolyn R. Bertozzi from the U.S., Morten Meldal from Denmark and K. Barry Sharpless from the U.S. “for the development of click chemistry and biorthogonal chemistry,” the committee stated. Dr. Bertozzi is the eighth woman chemist to be awarded the prize, while Dr. Sharpless is the fifth scientist to be awarded two Nobel Prizes.
Economics
The Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to three American economists, Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig “for research on banks and financial crises,” the Nobel Prize committee announced on Monday. By studying the history of American economics, particularly the Great Depression of the 1930s,they improved how we understand the role of banks during times of hardship and the bank’s impact on societal functions.
1. What prize is related to the research with bones?| A．Physiology. | B．Chemistry. | C．Physics. | D．Economics. |
| A．About societal functions. | B．About the history of America. |
| C．About banks and financial crises. | D．About the Great Depression of the 1930s. |
| A．Their winners are from different countries. | B．They have three winners. |
| C．They improve new technology. | D．They help people understand hardship. |
3 . Characteristics of an excellent scientist
The dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science.
Curiosity
An excellent scientist must be very curious about things. Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work.
Patience
Becoming a scientist takes a long time.
Ethical (道德的) qualities
In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve people’s life as well as the environment, since they are linked and they can affect one another in the long run.
Working habits
| A．To make discoveries, you have to think differently. |
| B．There are very few jobs that take longer than this one. |
| C．It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods. |
| D．A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal interests or public opinion. |
| E．One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory. |
| F．An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation and keeps it in mind. |
| G．Without a drive to ask questions or even wonder, a scientist will never get to the first stage of the scientific process. |
4 . “I want to work full-time in China, honey.” An overseas call awakened the wife from sound sleep. “Why?” asked the wife with surprise, in a drowsy (昏昏欲睡的) voice, from the other side of the ocean.
In the United States, he had a great future ahead. At the age of 36, he became the youngest professor in the history of the Department of Molecular Biology at Princeton University, for his academic achievements. At 40, he became a tenured (终身的) chair professor at Princeton.
When everything seemed perfect and admirable to others, he firmly decided to say goodbye to Princeton University, to an affluent life in the United States, and return to China.
The news spread explosively. Many expressed confusion, many persuaded him, many made fun of him, and still many waited to have a good laugh at him.
He said patriotism is the plainest feeling of a person. Who doesn’t love his motherland, after all? In his heart, the American dream is already something past; the Chinese dream is rising.
After returning to China, he devoted all his energy, worked like crazy, and determined to do something big. He formed a life science research team. Every day, he works 12 to 16 hours at his laboratory. He is Shi Yigong, nicknamed “Da Niu” (someone with extraordinary achievements) by Tsinghua students. His given name, Yigong, comes from an idiom that means “devoted to public interest whole-heartedly”. “So far as I’m concerned, awards are of no special meaning.” Shi says calmly.
In his 18 years of study in the United States, he never forgot his Chinese dream. In the next 18 years, the Chinese dream will be more beautiful and greater by the efforts of Shi Yigong and the likes of him.
1. Why was Shi determined to return to China?| A．To serve his motherland. | B．To reunite with his wife. |
| C．To live a quieter life. | D．To make more money. |
| A．Normal. | B．Miserable. | C．Wealthy. | D．Adventurous. |
| A．His decision was well-received. | B．He doesn’t care much about fame. |
| C．He is the youngest professor in history. | D．His Chinese dream will be realized in 18 years. |
| A．To support his life science research. | B．To praise his honesty. |
| C．To introduce his endless energy in work. | D．To show his unusual achievements. |
President Xi Jinping signed a presidential order on Tuesday to award four people national medals and honorary titles for their outstanding contributions
Zhong Nanshan, 84,
Zhong also has long been devoted to the research, prevention and
Yuan Longping,
Yuan,
Although he was one of China’s most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considered himself as
Yuan had two dreams: the first dream is that people can enjoy the cool from the shade of the rice
Let’s remember the great man.
7 . Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist? A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full
The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to
Galileo (1564－1642),
What
| A．use | B．sense | C．speed | D．trust |
| A．relied | B．based | C．insisted | D．centered |
| A．refuses | B．desires | C．intends | D．regrets |
| A．casually | B．carefully | C．quickly | D．privately |
| A．date | B．keep | C．look | D．come |
| A．command | B．suspect | C．suggest | D．conclude |
| A．in | B．with | C．on | D．by |
| A．brought | B．discovered | C．handled | D．announced |
| A．however | B．therefore | C．seldom | D．never |
| A．truths | B．problems | C．investigations | D．subjects |
| A．threw | B．fell | C．ran | D．rolled |
| A．although | B．because | C．when | D．if |
| A．place | B．foot | C．top | D．ceiling |
| A．big | B．small | C．similar | D．unequal |
| A．spirit | B．skill | C．theory | D．wish |
| A．plans | B．opinions | C．world | D．ability |
| A．led to | B．turned to | C．set up | D．put forward |
| A．makes | B．prevents | C．considers | D．promises |
| A．reasonable | B．successful | C．expert | D．sensitive |
| A．foreseen | B．rejected | C．produced | D．challenged |
8 . Michael Faraday was the son of a blacksmith. There were four children in his family and, with his father often ill and unable to work, Michael Faraday had to earn his living from an early age. This meant little or no schooling. However, the family belonged to a religious group, and Faraday learnt to read and write at Sunday School.
When he was only fourteen, Faraday found a job as a bookbinder (装订工). He used to read the books he was given to bind and he became very interested in the scientific books, particularly the ones about electricity. His interest soon took a practical path and he began conducting his own experiments. These were very basic because Faraday had to make all of his equipment himself. However, he was very careful and kept a clear written record of all his findings.
One day he was given an entrance ticket to the Royal Institute chemistry lecture, given by Humphry Davy. Determined to work for this great scientist, he sent Davy a job application and included his laboratory reports on the experiments he had carried out. In 1813 Davy offered Faraday a job as one of his laboratory assistants. Faraday learnt quickly and soon was recognized as a very able analytical chemist. Later he went to work at the Royal Institute.
Michael Faraday was, perhaps, the greatest practical scientist of the 19th century. As a chemist, he discovered the benzene (苯), which is now the focal point of chemical study. He also proved the relationship between electricity and chemical bonding (化学键). As a physicist, he invented the dynamo, which led to the later invention of the electric motor. He also discovered the effect of magnetism (磁) on light rays.
1. Why did Faraday attend Sunday School?| A．He had to work for a bookbinder at weekdays. |
| B．He hoped to read many of the scientific books there. |
| C．He would like to learn religious knowledge. |
| D．His family couldn’t afford his normal school education. |
| A．published his great findings on electricity | B．made his own equipment for his experiments |
| C．read many books by Humphry Davy | D．gained his fame as a practical scientist |
| A．bought tickets to attend Davy’s lecture | B．sent his experiment reports to Davy |
| C．went to the Royal Institute to visit Davy | D．offered to do laboratory work for free |
a．A laboratory assistant. b．A student of Sunday School.
c．A bookbinder. d．An analytical chemist.
| A．abcd | B．bcda | C．bcad | D．cbad |
