1 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Every year, around 30 million visitors swarm into Venice, a place of under 50,000 residents. The population has shrunk by 70 percent in the past 70 years in Venice,     1     the residents have been driven out by ballooning rents and cuts in services.

Burano—a one-square-mile island in the north lagoon—draws thousands of visitors daily. They take a 40-minute vaporetto (waterbus) ride from Venice     2     (see) the island’s candy-colored cottages and the leaning bell tower.

Now, as residents on the island, some Buranelli are fighting back,     3     (make) the island a launching ground for ecotourism. A clutch of the island’s fishermen are doubling up on their jobs—casting their nets as well as showing tourists the fragile lagoon and why it needs     4     (preserve).

Life on Burano has revolved around the water. A fishing settlement with a history     5     (date) back to the Roman era, the island’s relative separation from Venice, has kept its traditions undamaged     6     medieval times.

Yet     7     (work) with tourists is increasingly important for the fishermen’s livelihoods. Wholesale seafood prices nearly     8     (halve) during the pandemic, and although they recovered, they decreased again in late 2022.

“I’m proud of my work but I’m also aware that in a few years there won’t be anyone left     9     (do) it,” one of the local fishermen says. Numbers of both crabs and fishermen are sharply declining: “When I was a child, there were 100 moecanti on Burano; now we are 19,” he says. Climate change     10     (raise) lagoon temperatures over the last decade. While the crabs aren’t endangered, fewer of them are swimming into fishermen’s nets.

2 . Why Go To London

The English writer Samuel Johnson famously _________, “When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life, because the city can provide wonderful experience.” More than two centuries_________ since Johnson’s era, but his words are still true. This is because life in London is nothing short of wonder, and travelers find that one visit isn’t enough to experience everything that this two-millennia-old city offers.

In London, when you walk into the opera house, you may find that Shakespeare’s works_________ by actors. While Londoners still praise the power of tea, they_________(make) room for some Starbucks here and there, and pressed juice too. In all, London’s culture is always aimed to what’s next. _________(discover) it all on one of London’s best tours.

1.

A．will say

B．said

C．saying

D．was said

2.

A．have passed

B．passed

C．had passed

D．passing

3.

A．perform

B．will perform

C．performed

D．are being performed

4.

A．make

B．will make

C．made

D．have made

5.

A．discover

B．will discover

C．discovered

D．discovering

3 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. adventure               B. carelessly       C. existence               D. exploit        E. inaccessible F. minimized        G. reflects        H. responsible        I. accounts   J. visible            K. wilderness

Antarctica is the highest, driest and coldest place on Earth. It is also the remotest, a fact which     1     for its unspoiled environment. It is widely described as the last     2     on our planet. The cold climate is     3     for maintaining the continent’s year-round ice fields. Even though Antarctica receives more sunlight than the equator(赤道), the temperatures are lower because the ice sheet     4     the heat back into space.

For centuries, Europeans wondered about the     5     of a South-Polar continent, but no one actually knew for certain Antarctica was there until 1820 when European explorers “discovered” it. Since then, men have gone to Antarctica in search of     6    . Testing their abilities, several teams of explorers set out in 1911 to be the first men to stand at the South Pole.

Once completely     7    , Antarctica has more recently been playing host to adventurers seeking for excitement, scientists interested in experimenting, and companies looking to     8     this wild area for profit.

Yet, Antarctica’s fragile and complicated eco-system is threatened by its human visitors. Damage to the environment occurs as people come looking for resources beneath the ice, or     9     leave their garbage behind. Currently, countries are working to ensure that the damage to Antarctica’s environment is     10    , and that Antarctica will remain an unspoiled place.

4 . Directions: After reading the two passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Classic gardens of Suzhou

Fine works of art and architecture form an important part of our cultural heritage. Fortunately, some of these cultural sites    1     (preserve) well since they were unearthed.

Chinese garden design,     2    seeks to recreate miniature natural landscapes, couldn’t be any better illustrated than in the nine gardens in the historic city of Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Suzhou’s classical gardens,     3    buildings and landscape are coupled together, create a harmonious union between man and nature.

The classical gardens of Suzhou are the unification of houses and gardens, and they were meant to be appreciated and lived in as well. A thickly populated city     4    Suzhou often lacks rich natural scenery, and that is why such typical architecture should be found in the city.     5     (improve) their living conditions, certain individuals in Suzhou would attempt to create harmony in their living environment by constructing their homes together with nature.

Founded in the Song Dynasty, Canglang Pavilion has     6     (long) history among all of the existing classical gardens of Suzhou. Naturally well designed, it     7     (call) one of the four best gardens in Suzhou.     8     other three are Lion Grove Garden, the Humble Administrator’s Garden and Lingering Garden. The masterfully designed Canglang Pavilion looks simple but elegant. Without fancy decorations, it combines buildings with scenery so perfectly and profoundly     9    the whole garden appears to have been formed naturally.

Suzhou’s classical gardens hold high value for the study of Chinese landscape gardening, architecture, culture, aesthetics (美学) and philosophy. All nine of Suzhou’s most famous classical gardens     10     (add) to the World Heritage List by UNESCO in 1997.

5 . Volcanoes in Indonesia

“The hardest bit of the job is having enough sleep,” admits Martanto, a 29-year-old geophysicist at the monitoring centre for Agung, a volcano in Bali which started erupting(爆发) on November 25th. For the past two weeks he and half a dozen others have relocated from Bandung, in West Java, to keep watch on Agung every hour of the day, occasionally in continuous 32-hour shifts.

    1     It was home to both the biggest eruption of modern times, that of Tambora in 1815, and the second-biggest, of Krakatoa in 1883. Agung’s previous eruption, in 1963, was the most explosive of the 20th century in Indonesia. Gas, rock and ash were ejected to a height of 25km above the crater(火山口). More than 1, 000 people died. “Previous eruptions, in 1843 and 1710-11, were similarly destructive”, says Devy Kamil Syahbana of the Volcanology and Geological Disaster Mitigation Centre(PVMBG) in Bandung.

    2     The first, of which there are 69, are active volcanoes which have erupted at least once since 1600. The second are active but have not erupted since 1600. The third are potentially active openings in the earth’s crust, such as fumaroles. The first type, of which Agung is one, are monitored 24 hours a day by an observer in a station nearby, from which they can see the peak. They then feedback information to the main centre in Bandung.

Eruptions, in short, are hard to predict with precision. Sinabung, on the island of Sumatra, erupted suddenly in 2010 and then again in 2013 and 2016.     3     As a result, PVMBG had not been monitoring it, and those living nearby were not prepared to evacuate. It is still erupting; thousands of people have had to be permanently relocated.

Even when volcanoes are known to be active, and there are enough monitoring data, it is not easy to judge how destructive an eruption might be.     4     Call for an evacuation too early, and people might decide the risk is overblown and return to their homes.

A．Mr. Syahbana’s colleagues have divided the country’s volcanoes into three categories.

B．But before that it had not erupted for more than 400 years.

C．Technology helps with the monitoring too.

D．“Such decisions”, says Matthew Watson of the University of Bristol, “require a good deal of expert judgment under great uncertainty”.

E．Late on October 24th 2010 he decided that an eruption was at hand and called for an evacuation.

F．Indonesia is the country with the most volcanoes in the world, with 127 active ones.

6 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

    1     cities were people, Chengdu would be a “happy drifter (流浪汉) without ambition”. That’s according to popular Chinese online writer Murong Xuecun.

It’s the leisurely and slow-paced lifestyle     2     put the capital city of Sichuan on the list of the 21 must-go tourist destinations of 2017     3     US travel magazine National Geographic.

One of     4     (great) pleasures in Chengdu is its food. Famous for the use of the tongue-numbing (让舌头发麻的) Sichuanese pepper corn and hot chillies, Chengdu dishes are an obsession (痴迷) for locals. “Nothing is more important to Chengdu people than food,” Du Li, a professor at the Sichuan Higher Institute of Cuisine, told the Guardian. “They love     5       (search) out small restaurants in out-of-the-way places     6     may just specialize in a couple of dishes.”

In fact, according to Wang Xudong, editor-in-chief of Sichuan Cuisine magazine, Chengdu has the highest density (密度) of restaurants of any city in the world – there are around 40,000. No wonder it became the first Asian city that     7    (name) as a city of Gastronomy (美食) by UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) in 2010.

    8     important part of local daily life is the city’s teahouses.     9    (find) all over Chengdu, the teahouses are much more than just a place to drink tea. They are a place to do business, meet with friends, show off pet birds, listen to Chuanju or Sichuan opera, and most importantly, play mahjong. As a local saying goes, “If you can’t find someone, he or she is     10    playing mahjong, or on the way to play mahjong.”

“Feet stretched out in a rattan chair with a glass of tea at the mahjong table, their lives are a fleeting dusk.” The Telegraph noted.

7 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. double          B. intense          C. pressures       D. stock          E. agriculture       F. trapped G. withdrawal     H. availability   I. drive             J. expanding     K. rising

Throughout history, people have fought bitter wars over political ideology, national sovereignty and religious expression. How much more     1     will these conflicts be when people fight over the Earth’s most indispensable resource water? We may find out in the not-too-distant future if projections about the     2     of water in the Middle East and other regions prove correct.

Less than three percent of the planet’s     3     is fresh water, and almost two-thirds of this amount is     4     in ice caps, glaciers, and underground aquifers too deep or too remote to access. In her book, Pillars of Sand-Can the Irrigation Miracle Last, Sandra Postel outlines three forces that     5     tension and conflict over freshwater. Using up the water “resource pie”. In India, the world’s second-most populous nation, with over 1 billion inhabitants, the rate of groundwater     6     is twice that of recharge, a deficit higher than in any other country. Although water is a renewable resource, it is not a(n)     7     one. The freshwater available today for more than 6 billion people is no greater than it was 2,000 years ago, when global population was approximately 200 million. (The current U.S. population is 287 million.)

Global     8     accounts for about 70% of all freshwater use. In five of the world’s most water-stressed, controversial areas the Aral Sea region, the Ganges, the Jordan, the Nileland and Tigris-Euphrates population increases of up to 75% are projected by 2025. With the fastest rate of growth in the world, the population of Palestinian territory will more than     9     over the next generation. Most experts agree that, because of geography, population     10     and politics, water wars are most likely to break out in the Middle East, a region where the amount of available freshwater per capita will decrease by about 50% over the next generation.

8 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Yellowstone (黄石公园) is the United States’ first and     1     (famous) national park. This large wilderness area is very high in the Rocky Mountains of the northwestern US. It is bigger than the smallest state in the US.

Yellowstone became the world’s first national park in 1872.

Yellowstone has many different kinds of unusual scenery:     2     millions of people visit the park, the land remains unchanged—still a wilderness. The valley of the Yellowstone River has beautiful     3     (color) rocks and three large waterfalls. In the early morning or evening, visitors sometimes see large deer—like animals, or buffalo (水牛)     4     (eat) grass along the shores of Lake Yellowstone. The high mountains around Yellowstone are covered with evergreen forests.

Yellowstone Park has many areas with hot springs. These     5     (cause) by heat from the hot centre of the earth. Old Faithful is the most famous. Every 70 minutes, old Faithful sends hot water about 150 feet high into the air.

Here, hot spring water runs down over rocks into deep pools. It looks rather like a wonderful white cake.

When you visit Yellowstone, why not     6     (live) like a cowboy? You can stay at an Old West country hotel. You’ll enjoy typical cowboy food outdoors. You     7     ride a horse along one of the many paths or trails.

There are over 1,000 miles of trails around Yellowstone.     8     you like excitement, take a boat trip down the fast Snake River,     9     spend a quiet summer day fishing by a river or a blue mountain lake.

In winter, Yellowstone Park is covered with heavy snow,     10     visitors still come to skate. With clouds of steam above them and snow all around, Yellowstone’s hot springs look even more wonderful.

9 . Directions: Write the summary of the passage with no more than 80 words and the original sentences in the passage are not allowed to use.

Every country has a capital city. It is where the government of the country meets. The capital city is often the largest and most important city in a country and it has more people, shops, businesses, offices and factories than anywhere else.

The Romans founded a city, which was called Londinium, by the River Thames in AD 43. The area is now the City of London, which is the business centre of the city. The Romans built the first London Bridge. In the 11th century, a royal palace and then a minster (a large and important church) were built 3 km to the west of the city. As London grew and became more crowded, and roads and railways were built, people moved to the suburbs of the city to live. What were once outlying villages and towns were swallowed up, forming Greater London. By the 1860s, London was so crowded that railways had to be built underground. The London Underground now carries millions of passengers every year.

As the capital city, London needs good communications with the rest of the United Kingdom and the wider world. Five airports serve London: Heathrow, Gatwick, London City, Luton and Stansted airports. Heathrow is one of the world’s busiest international airports. There are flights to and from about 220 places worldwide, and more than 40 million travelers use the airport each year. There are also new docks, able to handle large modern ships, at Tilbury, near the mouth of the Thames.

Almost all of the country’s main railway lines and motorways, and many of its main roads, radiate (辐射) out from London. Trains using the Channel Tunnel to mainland Europe start in London, and there is a direct motorway link between London and the Channel Tunnel.

10 . 听下面一段独白，回答一下小题。
1.

A．In 1815.

B．In 1848.

C．In 1850.

D．In 1855.

2.

A．High school education.	B．Two-year study programs.
C．100 education programs.	D．Four-year college programs.

3.

A．California has the most state colleges and universities in America.

B．California is a large city with more than 4, 000, 000 people.

C．California is the largest state in land area throughout America.

D．California has only a few high-technology companies.