1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The word hutong was borrowed from the Mongolian word to mean, “water well”, about 700 years ago. Later it referred to a place     1     people live. Hutong we see today are made up of small lanes     2     (form) by walls of siheyuan. They were built during     3     Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.

When the People’s Republic of China     4     (found) in 1949, there were more than 3,000 hutong. Most of the city’s population lived in this traditional housing.

    5     with the modernization of the city in the 1980s and early 1990s, many hutong were pulled down to build     6     (road), skyscrapers and modern houses. The government has     7     (ultimate) recognized the importance of hutong as Chinese cultural heritage. In 2002, Beijing listed 40 protected historical zones and increased its efforts to restore some key relics and older streets in the city. Nearly 500 hutong     8     (survive) so far.

Hutong that still exist are like oases (绿洲) of calm surrounded by the     9     (noise) city. Walking through them, it is common     10     (see) groups of elderly citizens sitting together playing cards, mahjong or Chinese chess. In the early mornings and evenings, they gather to practice traditional forms of exercise such as taijiquan as well as dancing and singing folk songs or Peking Opera. Hutong have become a museum of Beijing’s folk customs and history.

2 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

    1    (build) by the local Zhuang and Yao people between the Yuan Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty,     2     Longji Rice Terraces show different colors with the change of seasons. Every year, thousands of visitors     3    (attract) to come and admire this great wonder. The terraces could not only increase the areas for people to grow rice, but also catch rainwater and prevent the soil from     4    (wash) away. What is most     5    (significance) is that people have worked in harmony     6     nature. The terraces are     7    (clever) designed with hundreds of waterways,     8     forms an ecological circulation (循环). Today, both modern     9    (method) and traditional knowledge are used     10    (maintain) the terraces. We are proud of our ancestors’ wisdom.

3 . A nickname is a shortened form of a person’s name. A nickname can also be a descriptive name for a person, place or thing. Many American cities have nicknames. These can help establish an identity, spread pride among citizens and build unity. Nicknames can also be funny.

Los Angeles, California is the second largest city in population, after New York City. Los Angeles has several nicknames. One is simply the city’s initials, L.A. It is also called the City of Angels because Los Angeles means “the angels” in Spanish.

Los Angeles often has warm, sunny weather. So another nickname is City of Flowers and Sunshine. New York is called The Big Apple. So Los Angeles is sometimes called The Big Orange because of the fruit that grows in that city’s warm climate.

The American motion picture and television industries are based in Los Angeles. So it is not surprising that it is called The Entertainment Capital of the World. Many films are made in the area of Los Angeles called Hollywood. Millions of people visit the area. No trip to Los Angeles is complete without seeing the word “Hollywood” spelled out in huge letters on a hillside.

Many movie stars live in Los Angeles. The city is sometimes called Tinseltown. This nickname comes from the shiny, bright and often unreal nature of Hollywood and the movie industry.

Another nickname for Los Angeles is La-La Land, using the first letters of Los and Angeles. This means a place that is fun and not serious, and maybe even out of touch with reality.

The city of Los Angeles is part of Los Angeles County. There are many smaller cities in the county. Beverly Hills, with its rich people, is one of them. So is Pasadena, with its Rose Parade each New Year’s Day. So are the coastal cities of Santa Monica and Malibu, where people like to ride surfboards on the Pacific Ocean waves.

A good place for watching unusual-looking people is Venice, an area on the west side of Los Angeles. A system of waterways designed after the Italian city of Venice has been built there.

Many people love Los Angeles for its warm sunny weather, beautiful mountains and beaches, and movie stars. That includes Randy Newman, who sings about his hometown.

1. Which of the following is not the nickname of L.A.?

A．The City of Angels	B．City of Flowers and Sunshine
C．The Big Orange	D．The Entertainment Capital of American

2. Among the nicknames, which of the aspects is not mentioned?

A．Weather

B．Politics

C．People

D．Industry

3. Why is the Italian city of Venice mentioned in the passage?

A．To introduce the characteristics of an area near L.A.

B．To compare the Italian city of Venice with L.A.

C．To introduce its system of waterways.

D．To give a place for watching unusual-looking people.

4. What does Randy Newman probably do?

A．Director

B．Musician

C．Writer

D．Sportsman

4 . People are always looking for lost cities and occasionally one is found: Borobudur in Indonesia, for example. But perhaps some of the places people look for never existed. Here are just a few famous mythical (传说中的)cities.

EI Dorado

EI Dorado is a story that began in 1573, when Spanish explorers found Muisca people in the mountains of what is now Colombia. They heard the story of a man who covered himself with gold and dived into a lake. Then people began to talk of EI Dorado —“the golden man”. Soon people started to think of EI Dorado as a place, too— a city of golden and amazing riches. Nowadays, the name “EI Dorado” is still used to mean “a place where you can get rich quickly”.   

Atlnti

There was once an island in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. It was the mythical island of Atlantis. The people of the island were very rich, thanks to the natural resources on their island. For hundreds of years, they lived simple lives. But slowly they began to change. They started to want power. So the gods decided to destroy Atlantis. Suddenly, the island and its people were swallowed by the sea and were never seen again.

Shambhale

In the Tibetan Buddhist tradition, Shambhala is a mystical country that is hidden somewhere behind the Himalayas. Shambhala is a word from an old language that means “place of peace” or “place of happiness”. It is said that there is no war in Shambhala, and in the future, when the world is full of war, a huge army will come out of Shambhala, destroy the world’s bad rulers, and start a new Golden Age. Some people say this will happen in 2424.

1. Nowadays “EI Dorado” means ________.

A．Colombia	B．a golden man
C．A city with mountains	D．a place where you can get rich quickly

2. According to legends, Atlantics was destroyed by ________.

A．its people	B．the gods
C．its powerful enemies	D．its neighboring country

3. What would be the best title for the text?

A．Rich Lands	B．Mythical Cities
C．Famous Tourist Attractions	D．Newly-Found Ancient Countries

5 . A dam is a man-made structure built across a river. Most dams are built to control a river’s water flow, improve navigation and control flooding. However, some dams are built to produce hydro-electric power.

Hydro-electric power is produced as water passes through a dam, and into a river below. The more water that passes through a dam, the more energy that is produced. Once a dam is built, a man-made lake is created behind the dam.

Electricity is produced by a kind of equipment called a turbine(涡轮机).Turbines contain metal coils(线圈)surrounded by magnets(磁铁). When the magnets move round rapidly over the metal coils, electricity is produced. Turbines are located inside dams. The falling water makes the magnets go around the coils.

Dams provide clean energy, but they can also harm the environment. Species that use rivers to reproduce are often hurt by dams. In the northwest of the US, the population of fishes has dropped from 16 million to 2.5 million since hydro-electric plants were built on the Columbia River. Dams all over the world have hurt some species.

The highest dam in the United States is located near Oroville, California. The Oroville Dam towers 230 meters and is more than a mile wide. This dam was built in 1968, 22 years after the Hoover Dam. The Hoover Dam, on the Nevada-Arizona border controls the Colorado River. It is 221 meters high and has 2.6 million hectare-meter(公顷)of water.

The highest dam in the world is the Nurek Dam on the Vakhsh River in Tajikistan, a country in central Asia. This dam is 300 meters tall.

1. Which of the following is NOT the advantage of a dam according to the passage?

A．To control a river’s water flow.

B．To produce hydro—electric power.

C．To improve navigation and to control flooding.

D．To reduce the population of some species of animals.

2. The third paragraph mainly tells us________.

A．what a turbine is and how it works

B．how hydro-electric power is produced

C．how the magnets and the metal coils work

D．how the falling water passes through a turbine

3. Which is the highest dam in the US?

A．The Nurek Dam.	B．The Oroville Dam.
C．The Vakhsh Dam.	D．The Hoover Dam.

4. Which of the following can explain the underlined word "reproduce" in the fourth paragraph?

A．Live in.	B．Find food.
C．Produce young animals.	D．Make the same photograph.