1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Discoveries made during the latest excavation of Pit No.1 at the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang, China’s first emperor, have allowed Chinese archaeologists to gain more insight into     1     the world-famous Terracotta Warriors and their weapons were made.

According to a recent report archaeologists     2     (restore) more than 140 Terracotta Warriors. They discovered that the arms of these figures were created separately and then attached to the bodies and covered in a layer of fine clay. The carving of fine details was completed     3     the arms were attached.     4     (additional), the pit has yielded a variety of weapons, including long-range attack weapons, shields for defense, as well as drums and drumsticks used for commanding soldiers.

“The Terracotta Warriors used a very special mechanism to connect pieces together. Such     5     (wise) was unique to China,” Lv Qiuxia,     6     expert on ancient Chinese art, told the Global Times on Wednesday. Lv added that the way the warriors were made differed based on their social status and class. “When     7     (analyze) how they were made, we noticed that the warriors were divided into different classes. This contributes to research     8     the burial culture of the Terracotta Warriors.” the expert noted.

Through excavations, Chinese researchers have established the types and arrangement of weapons     9     (use) by the Terracotta Warriors as well as the formations and patterns of the     10     (mystery) underground army.

2 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Working on one of the most famous sites in the world, I’m delighted though tired and covered in dust. I have been digging all day as an archaeology student from England since I     1     (select). The Terracotta Warriors (兵马俑) were discovered in 1974. Some peasants were digging a well     2     they dug up the head of a clay warrior. Can you imagine their     3     (astonish)? Soon archaeologists from Beijing,     4     the whole world knows, dug up 6, 000 clay warriors here. The warriors vary in height according to their roles, with the     5     (tall) being the generals. Eventually Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Tomb was also found nearby. In 1976 another spot was discovered, this one     6     (contain) 1, 400 warriors. The firm belief that there existed life after death got around widely     7     the Ancient Chinese. It seemed that Emperor Qin Shihuang had had the soldiers     8     (make), which were buried near     9     (he) to guard his soul in the next life. Although it lay here hidden and forgotten for so long, the site is visited by tourists from every comer of     10     globe. How fortunate I am working here!

3 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In 1968, many precious relics were unearthed in the tombs of the Western Han Dynasty including the Changxin Palace Lamp, which is acknowledged     1     “the first lamp of China”.

The bronze lamp bears the shape of a girl on her knees     2     (hold) a lamp. The lamp plate is on her left hand while her right hand,     3     is covered by a loose sleeve (袖子), carries the lampshade. The brightness of the lamp and the direction of the light can be adjusted with a handle and it controls two movable shades.     4     (remarkable), the girl’s right sleeve traps smoke from the burning lamp oil     5     channels it into the hollow body where water is stored, thus preventing the lamp from polluting the indoor air. Apart from that, the six component parts of the lamp can all be taken apart, and     6     (be) easy to clean.

The delicate Changxin Palace Lamp provides a glimpse into China’s glorious past, showing     7     wisdom of ancient Chinese people as well as ancient China’s achievements in science and technology. The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic flame lantern     8     (inspire) by the Changxin Palace Lamp. Being a perfect     9     (marry) of green initiative and the Olympic Spirit, it uses double glass and a hidden division channel     10     (reduce) the smoke and carbon deposition (沉积).

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空处填入1个适的单或插号内单词的正确形式。

Located in Guanghan city of Southwest China’s Sichuan Province and covering an area of 12 square kilometers. Sanxingdui Site is the remains of the ancient Shu culture, which dates back     1     4,800-2,600 years ago, and is considered to be one of the     2     (great) archaeological (考古的) discoveries in the 20th century. This particular discovery is a strong proof of the     3     (exist) of the ancient Shu State and the integrative pattern of the multi-cultures of the Chinese nation.

In fact, as a cultural site,, Sanxingdui had come into the notice of archaeologists in as early as the 1930s, and     4     (exploration) were made soon. It all began     5     a farmer called Yan Daocheng dug out a number of treasures     6     (accidental) in the spring of 1929. In the summer of 1986, thousands of rare treasures were unearthed from two large newly-discovered sacrificial pits (祭祀坑). The unearthed objects are unique in shape and superior in techniques,     7     (confirm) the extraordinary creativity of the ancient Shu people and their desires     8     (connect) with and understand the universe.

After sleeping for 3,000 years, their awakening has shocked the world. When our eyes     9     (caught) by the creations of the ancient Shu ancestors, it is     10     encounter with a civilization lost for 3,000 years.

5 . On 2 November 1974, Dr. Donald Johanson, a paleoanthropologist (古人类学家), with his student Tom Gray, was there, in Hadar in Ethiopia, a volcanic region home to ancient humans. The pair had been out exploring and had decided to walk back to their car via a valley. As they walked, they noticed an elbow bone sticking out. Nearby, they found pieces of a skull, ribs, a thigh bone, a pelvis and a jaw. It took weeks of careful work to recover all the pieces, and they found almost half of a skeleton.

On the night of this incredible discovery, Johanson and the team listened to The Beatles’ Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds on their tape deck (录音机). Inspiration struck, and that’s how this famous fossil got her name.

Lucy was a member of a species called Australopithecus afarensis (阿法南猿), and she lived more than 3 million years ago. The wear on her wisdom teeth shows that she was fully mature when she died, but she would have grown up quickly. She was probably only around 12 years old and weighed just 29 kilograms (64 pounds), barely half as much as a human female. Her brain was only one-third of the size of ours, and her face was ape-like, with a powerful jaw. She had curved fingers, and marks on her upper arm bone show that her muscles were strong, both showing that she was a competent climber.

How did Lucy die? Anthropologist (人类学家) John Kappelman and his colleagues think that she might have fallen from a tree. There are cracks in her bones and according to Kappelman’s reconstruction, Lucy fell from a height of 15 metres (50 feet) and hit the ground feet first. She broke both her ankles and knees.

The trouble with this theory is that it’s hard to prove. According to other researchers, the damage to her bones could also have occurred after she died.

1. Why did Johanson and the team name it Lucy?

A．Because it was found in Hadar in Ethiopia.	B．Because they took weeks to recover the pieces.
C．Because it looked like half of a skeleton.	D．Because they were listening to that song then.

2. What do we know about Lucy?

A．She was an over-twelve-year-old fully mature adult.

B．Compared with humans in weight, she was much lighter.

C．With one-third of the size of our brain, she was smarter.

D．She was only competent in climbing with curved fingers.

3. How did Lucy die?

A．The fall from a tree killed her.	B．She fell and hit the ground.
C．Her ankles and knees broke.	D．No one knows for sure.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．The discovery of Lucy and her death.	B．The scientists’ exploration in Hadar.
C．The pieces of a skull were found by accident.	D．The theory of the cause of Lucy’s death.

6 . Scientists found what could be the oldest evidence of cooking at the edge of the ancient Lake Hula in Israel at the Gesher Benot Ya’aqov, according to a newly-published paper. The remains, especially fish teeth, were discovered near places where scientists also found signs of fire. Tests showed the teeth had been exposed to temperatures that were hot, but not super-hot. This suggested the fish were cooked slowly over a low heat, rather than being put right onto a fire.

With all the evidence together, scientists concluded that these ancient humans had used fire for cooking some 780,000 years ago. That is much earlier than the next oldest evidence for cooking, about 170,000 years ago, which showed Stone Age humans ate burnt roots in South Africa.

Scientists believe cooking started long before this, though physical evidence has been hard to come by —considering the importance of using fire to cook. Cooked food makes it easier for the body to digest and get more nutrients. When early humans figured out how to cook, they were able to get more energy, which they could use to fuel bigger brains. Based on how human ancestors’ bodies developed, scientists guess that cooking skills would have had to appear nearly 2 million years ago.

Those first cooked meals were a far cry from today’s dinners. And at that time, humans started eating not just for fuel, but for their community. In a 2010 paper, scientists described the earliest evidence of a feast(盛宴), which was a specially prepared meal that brought people together for an event in a cave. This “first feast” came at an important turning point in human history, right as hunter-gatherers were starting to settle into more permanent living situations. Gathering for special meals may have been a way to build community and reduce tensions now that people lived closer to each other. Scientists believe ancient feasts served a lot of the same social uses that modern gatherings serve: People exchange information, make connections, or try to improve their position.

1. Which is probably the earliest evidence of cooking?

A．The tools of cooking.	B．The signs of fire.
C．The leftover fish.	D．The burnt roots.

2. What message is conveyed in paragraph 3?

A．Food is key to keeping brains’ functioning.	B．Using fire to cook is a universal practice.
C．Our understanding of ancestors is limited.	D．Cooking is the driving force for human evolution.

3. What do scientists say about ancient feasts?

A．They mark important events.	B．They have multiple functions.
C．They differ from modern gatherings.	D．They display excellent cooking skills.

4. Why does the author write this text?

A．To inform readers of a new discovery.

B．To explain why early humans started to cook.

C．To present how cooking makes us together.

D．To stress the importance of fire to human life.

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

German and Kurdish researchers have discovered an ancient city by the Tigris River. The city    1    (uncover) when the levels of the Mosul reservoir (水库) decreased earlier this year due to the extreme drought in Iraq.

    2    (prevent) crops from drying out, a large amount of water has been drawn down from the reservoir, Iraq’s most important water    3    (store). This led to the reappearance of the city that    4    (sink) decades before without any prior investigations. The unforeseen event made researchers excavate (挖掘) and document at least parts of this city as quickly as possible    5    it sank again.

A team for rescue excavations was put together within days. They were    6    great time pressure because it was not clear when the water in the reservoir would rise again, and the    7    (expose) walls of large buildings in the old city would disappear.

    8    (fortunate), the researchers succeeded in largely mapping the city. In addition to a palace, other large buildings emerged from the reservoir — fortifications (防御工事) with walls and towers and    9    industrial site. The research team was shocked by the well-preserved state of the walls     10    were made of sun-dried mud bricks and had been under water for more than 40 years.

9 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Archaeologists in China have recently found the world’s oldest known coin manufacturing(制造)site. The site     1     (use) to make metal money around 2,600 years ago. It is located in the ancient city of Guanzhuang, in     2     is now China’s Henan Province.

Using radiocarbon(放射性碳)dating, the researchers came to the     3     (conclude) that the workshop began minting(铸造)operations between 640 BC and 550 BC. The discovery of the coin mint is     4     (true) exciting as it shows the existence of a very old coin workshop.

The coins     5     (make) at the workshop are “spade money”. They replaced     6     (shell) during the Spring and Autumn Period (about 770 to 476 BC). The workshop was close to the city’s administrative center,     7     suggests that it may have begun minting coins on government orders.

The new study adds fuel     8     a long-standing debate about the origins of currency. Some scholars argue that money     9     (begin) as a way to help trade between merchants and customers. Others say governments created it     10     (allow) for the collection of taxes and debts.

10 . 阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

When it comes to ancient civilizations, most people think of the Greeks and Romans. It’s understandable as both     1     (shape) modern society in some way so far, whether it be their social, cultural, or political influences. However, dozens of civilizations had been around long     2     the Greeks and Romans, the lesser-known Jiahu people     3     (include).

The Jiahu settlement is located in the central plain of ancient China,     4     area known today as the Henan Province. The people created the country’s oldest recognized civilization. The area is rich in artifacts,     5     (make) it an archaeologist’s dream. Apart from the usual finds, people have uncovered records of the earliest examples of Chinese writing and proof     6     they were producers of the world’s oldest wine. Another remarkable discoveries was the oldest working bone flutes (长笛).     7     (typical) carved from the wing bone of a crane, they were most likely used in special ceremonies. Rough weaving tools and bone needles also     8     (unearth) from the site, indicating that Jiahu residents may have possessed basic weaving and sewing skills 8,500 years ago.

The settlement’s end came around 5700 BCE when the nearby rivers overflowed and flooded the area. It is assumed that the Jiahu people left their home     9     (settle) elsewhere, even though there is no indication as to     10     that might have been.