1 . Born in Wales in 1950, Martin Lockley was a pioneer in the study of the dinosaur tracks and footprints preserved in rocks around the world. His work helped his fellow paleontologists (古生物学家) understand what the footprints can tell us about dinosaurs and the world that they lived in.
The footprints and tracks left behind by dinosaurs and other prehistoric animals are called trace fossils (痕迹化石). They can offer clues to how quickly an animal walked or ran and even what their skin may have looked like. Compared with the body fossils of bones and teeth, trace fossils contain evidence of the interactions that the animals had with their environment and can describe what the physical environment may have looked like. They offer a more reliable way to imagine the speed of a dinosaur than analyzing the bones.
Lockley’s mother and father were nature lovers. Lockley loved to observe nature. His father inspired him to “just go out and observe and trust your observations”, which proved important in Lockley’s launching his future career in dinosaur research. He took that advice with him to Gunnison, southwest of Denver, the United States. While North America is home to some of the largest number of fossil footprints in the world, Lockley’s work with prints and his father’s words took him far and wide. He explored fossil and track sites in China, South Korea, Spain and the United Kingdom.
In addition to finding the tracks, Lockley devoted time and energy to preserving these important parts of the fossil record. This includes guiding the politics needed to create UNESCO world heritage sites so that future generations wouldn’t lose out on these precious relics of the past.
1. What can we know about trace fossils?A.They can reflect the then environment. |
B.They are mainly left by some larger animals. |
C.They can be easier to preserve than teeth fossils. |
D.They are as accurate as bone fossils in analyzing animals’ speed. |
A.His family’s tradition. |
B.His father’s encouragement. |
C.His love for dinosaurs and their footprints. |
D.His desire to find the largest dinosaur track site. |
A.He explored places of interest around the world. |
B.He guided fellow paleontologists in their work. |
C.He conserved and promoted dinosaur track sites. |
D.He educated the next generation of track hunters. |
A.Dangerous. | B.Time-consuming. | C.Far-reaching. | D.Demanding. |
On Thursday, the National Cultural Heritage Administration in Beijing
The latest underwater archaeological
The Ming Dynasty’s No.1 shipwreck,
3 . Lindsey Stallworth, a high school student from Alabama, is on her way to a promising career in paleontology (古生物学) due to an unexpected discovery on family property. For years, she had been collecting fossils on their land in Monroe County, unaware of significant scientific value. However, her teacher at the Alabama School of Math and Science, Dr. Andrew Gentry, a paleontologist himself, took an interest when she showed him her collection.
“Upon examining the fossil shark teeth Lindsey presented, I quickly identified one and became eager to learn about its origin,” said Andrew.
Lindsey guided her mentor through the rural area where she had unearthed various relics, including shark teeth. Before long, they encountered an especially significant find on the grounds: a large bone from a 34-million-year-old whale skeleton! This led the pair to launch the huge project of uncovering the rest of the bones. After two months of hard work, they’ve managed to find the animal’s skull.
“Assuming the entire skeleton is present, it may require several years for us to have the entire animal back in the lab,” Andrew explained.
Lindsey secured a research scholarship to persist in her fossil-digging expeditions alongside her instructor. Her enthusiasm for the project was at an all-time high, though she had never imagined a childhood pastime would lead her down this road. “We would go out and pick up shark teeth and fossil shells, but we never knew anyone that could tell us anything about them,” she recalled. “We just thought they were cool.”
“The Research Fellows Program allows Lindsey to gain real-world experience in scientific research and even present that research at professional conferences,” Andrew said. “ It’s a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for a high school student to stand out when applying to college and maybe even discover a new career path.”
1. Why was Andrew fascinated by Lindsey’s finds?A.He had a personal interest in geography. |
B.He recognized the significance of one fossil. |
C.He wanted to start a paleontology club at school. |
D.He was hoping to make money from the discoveries. |
A.Some shark teeth. | B.Some fossil shells. |
C.An animal’s skull. | D.A primitive whale’s bone. |
A.Risky but romantic. | B.Dangerous but interesting. |
C.Demanding but motivating. | D.Boring but groundbreaking. |
A.The unexpected joy of discovering fossils. |
B.The additional benefits of applying to college. |
C.Lindsey’s potential to become a high school teacher. |
D.Lindsey’s unique opportunities for future development. |
Scientists have discovered the remains of
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5 . Antarctica has not always been a land of ice and snow. Earth’s southernmost continent once was home to rivers and forests full of life. Researchers are using satellites to look deep under the ice in Antarctica, finding a large ancient landscape buried under the continent’s ice sheet. The landscape is located in East Antarctica’s Wilkes Land area bordering the Indian Ocean, covering an area about the size of Belgium. The researchers said the landscape is estimated to have been buried beneath the ice shelf for between 14 million to 34 million years, when Antarctica entered its deep freeze.
“The landscape is like a snapshot of the past,” said Stewart Jamieson, a professor of glaciology at Durham University in England and co-leader of the study published in the journal Nature Communications, “It is difficult to know what this lost world might have looked like before the ice came along, but it was certainly warmer back then. Ancient palm tree pollen has been discovered from Antarctica, not far from our study site.”
Some earlier studies have uncovered ancient landscapes beneath Antarctica’s ice including mountains. But the landscape discovered in the new study was the first of its kind. It is estimated that such an environment would likely have been populated by wildlife. But the area’s fossil record is too incomplete to know which animals may have lived there. The ice above the ancient landscape measures about 2.2 kilometers to 3 kilometers thick.
The researchers said one way to learn more would be to drill through the ice and take a piece of the earth below. This could uncover evidence showing ancient life, as was done with samples taken in Greenland dating back two million years ago.
Right before 34 million years ago, Antarctica’s landscape and wildlife was likely similar to today’s cold temperate rainforests. That includes places like Tasmania, New Zealand and South America’s Patagonia area. When the climate cooled even more, an ice sheet grew which covered the whole continent.
1. How long ago was the landscape not buried at the latest?A.14 million years ago. | B.34 million years ago. |
C.20 million years ago. | D.48 million years ago. |
A.To show it is hard to explore this lost world. |
B.To indicate there exist some vivid remains. |
C.To present the influence of terrible weather. |
D.To explain the landscape was too warm to live in. |
A.The landscape contains many hills and mountains. |
B.Animal skeletons have been uncovered in the landscape. |
C.There seems to have existed a mass of wild animals. |
D.The ice above the landscape is too thick to measure. |
A.Antarctica Once Witnessed Kinds of Wildlife. |
B.Areas of Rainforests Found in Antarctica. |
C.Many Landscapes under Antarctica Discovered. |
D.Ancient Landscape Found Buried in Antarctic Ice. |
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