1）这项古代发明的名称；2）概述这项古代发明；3）这项古代发明的影响。
注意：1）词数不少于100；
2）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear John,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sincerely,
Li Hua
1.举办目的及举办地点；
2.参赛作品要求；
3.参赛奖励。
注意:1.词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1． 时间和地点；
2． 内容：学习日常汉语、了解中国历史和传统文化、参观博物馆等；
3． 报名方式和截止时间．
注意：1． 词数：100左右
2． 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．
Dear Tom,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
4 . You might have heard a lot about ancient towns and ancient cities in China. Here, we list several of the most beautiful ancient villages in China.
Baoshan Stone City, Yunnan Province
Baoshan Stone City was built on a huge mushroom-shaped rock, and only has about one hundred houses. The houses are laid out in an orderly way, built on the rock, and linked by stone steps. The Naxi people there still lead an original life and grow crops in terraces(梯田); you can experience the colorful culture of the Naxi ethnic(民族的) group there.
Tuvas Village in Kanas, Xinjiang
Kanas Tuvas Village is near the mysterious Lake Kanas. The small village is located in a valley, and only has about 80 houses. These Swiss-style wooden houses are all surrounded by wooden fences. Tuvas is an ancient minority group. They traditionally lived as hunter-gathers. You can visit a local family, go herding(放牧) with the locals and experience the peaceful ancient village life.
Jiaju Tibetan Village, Danba, Sichuan Province
Jiaju Tibetan Village is known as the “Tibetan fairyland”. It stands on a mountain slope, and consists of about 140 houses. These unique houses are all built with crown-shaped roofs, red caves, and white walls, which make the houses look like little castles among the forest.
Xijiang Miao Village, Guizhou Province
If you’re interested in the Miao Minority, Xijiang Miao Village can be a great destionation for deepening your understanding of Miao history and culture. It’s the largest Miao village in China, and now has 1,432 households with a population of over 5,000, of which 99.5% are Miao ethnic group. It’s also famous for the houses built on poles of different heights.
1. What can you do in Kanas Tuvas Village?| A．Hike in terraces. | B．See houses of a foreign style. |
| C．Go hunting with the locals. | D．Learn about houses built on poles. |
| A．In Baoshan Stone City. | B．In Kanas Tuvas Village. |
| C．In Jiaju Tibetan Village. | D．In Xijiang Miao Village. |
| A．They remained secret to the outside world in the past. |
| B．They were originally built to defend their homeland. |
| C．They are still cut off and difficult to access nowadays. |
| D．They are the ethnic villages with unique architecture. |
The fire at Notre-Dame Cathedral de Paris has raised questions about the condition of thousands of other cathedrals and historic
Tibor Navracsics, the European Union’s top cultural official, told The Associated Press that “we are so used to our outstanding cultural heritage in Europe that we tend to forget that it
Large fires have long robbed humanity
Experts say that
6 . The world is a colorful landscape of different languages, skin colors, and different cultures. It's important to have a good understanding of different cultures in order to become a well-rounded person
One way is to read books written by authors from a particular culture. Reading works by authors who have a close relationship with a particular culture allows people to gain an authentic glimpse into the food, music, language, religion, and way of a life of a particular group of people.
Another way to learn about different cultures is to try to learn a foreign language.
Communicating with people from other countries through email or snail mail is another useful way to become familiar with different cultures.
| A．Trying authentic food from a specific cultural group is also a great idea. |
| B．The Internet has made it possible to communicate with others from different countries. |
| C．Making contact with native speakers of the language allows one to gain firsthand knowledge. |
| D．There are several ways to become knowledgeable about different cultures. |
| E．Stories based on a local culture expose one to a different culture. |
| F．One way to develop this appreciation is to try to team about other cultures around the world. |
| G．A variety of language-learning books, software, and audio programs is available. |
7 . Chinese Paper Cutting or Jianzhi is the first type of paper-cutting design, since paper was invented in the Eastern Han Dynasty in China.
It’s a very distinguishing visual art of Chinese handicrafts. The art form later spread to other parts of the world with different areas adopting their own cultural styles. After hundreds of year’s development, now they’ve become a very popular means of decoration among country folk, especially women. The paper-cuts are also used to decorate doors and windows, and therefore they’re sometimes referred to “chuang hua”, meaning Window Flower. Paper-cuts are chiefly used as decorations. However, today, Chinese paper-cuts are also used for religious and ceremonial purpose, and they’re buried with the dead and burned at funerals.
Chinese people believe the red paper-cuts on the door can bring good fortune and happiness to the whole family. The paper-cuts are more often seen during traditional Chinese festivals, particularly in Chinese New Year, the Spring Festival. They’re also given as gifts to friends or other family members.
Paper-cuttings aren’t produced by machine, but by hand. There’re two methods of manufacture (制造): one uses scissors, the other uses knives. Knife cuttings are fashioned by putting several layers of paper on a relatively soft foundation (衬底). Following a pattern, the artist cuts the motif into the paper with a sharp knife he usually holds vertically. The advantage of knife-cuttings is that considerably more paper cuttings can be made in one operation than with scissor cuttings.
It’s easy to learn about cutting a piece of paper but difficult to master it with perfection. One must grasp the knife in an upright fashion and press evenly (均匀地) on the paper with some strength. Flexibility is required but any hesitation will damage the whole image.
People find hope and comfort in expressing wishes with paper-cutting. For instance: for a wedding ceremony, red paper-cuttings are a traditional decoration on the tea set, the dressing table glass, and on other furniture. A big red paper character ‘Xi’ (happiness) is a traditional must on the newlywed’s (新婚夫妇) door.
1. It can be learned from the second paragraph that ___________.| A．paper-cuts are mainly used as presents |
| B．females are better at paper-cutting than males |
| C．paper-cutting varies from area to area |
| D．paper-cuts are used in various ceremonies but funerals |
| A．Forms of paper-cutting. | B．Means of paper-cutting. |
| C．Advantages of knife cuttings. | D．Characteristics of paper-cutting. |
| A．paper-cutting requires great strength |
| B．pause in paper-cutting makes no difference |
| C．it is by no means easy to acquire paper-cutting skills |
| D．it is fashionable to learn paper-cutting |
| A．using examples | B．making comparisons |
| C．analyzing causes | D．describing processes |
8 . When my grandmother died at the age of 96, there were two things she left behind in abundance — nearly 100 photo albums documenting decades of travel and home life, and a dozen quilts, one of which my mother gave me.
Quilting is the process of sewing together fabric (布料) to make one large piece of fabric. In my family, quilting and sewing is a tradition that has been passed down through the generations. My mother says her great-grandmother would occasionally travel around New York State to sew clothing for other families.
In the United States, quilting was a craft (手艺) that started as a necessity and eventually became much more. In 1862, the U.S. government offered millions of acres of land to Americans who wanted to move west. This allowed families to settle on land that they could eventually own. They often built their own homes and lived off the vegetables in their gardens and the livestock they had. Sewing was very important for women because they were responsible for clothing their families and keeping them warm.
Quilting also became a chance for women to socialize with each other. They would gather for so-called “quilting bees”, where they would meet and work on one quilting project together. This provided a much-needed relief from the lonely life of living on a large piece of land.
Throughout history, the different patterns on American quilts have conveyed all kinds of information. From them, we can tell where a person lived, what region of the world they originated from, or sometimes a story is told in pictures on a quilt. Even today, women still gather to quilt together in a show of friendship and a love for the craft, just like the old days. My sister has tried quilting a few times, and hopefully, her two daughters may one day continue this family tradition.
1. What do we know about quilting?| A．It is a lost traditional craft. |
| B．It is a major means of making a living in the USA. |
| C．It is a craft that has become a cultural symbol. |
| D．It was a way to carry on the American history. |
| A．Introduce a new topic for discussion. |
| B．Summarize the previous paragraphs. |
| C．Add some background information. |
| D．Praise the U.S. government’s policy. |
| A．Working on the land. | B．Participating in “quilting bees”. |
| C．Clothing the family. | D．Designing a quilting project. |
| A．Quilting patterns can convey limited information. |
| B．Quilting can’t meet the need to socialize nowadays. |
| C．Quilting is not a tradition in the author’s family. |
| D．The author hopes quilting can be passed on to younger generations. |
Many well-established bookshops have closed and that trend is continuing today, despite their efforts
There are three main reasons for this trend. First, increasingly more people
Bookstores are providing leisure activities and coffeehouses inside. However, as
However, bookstores cannot survive the fierce market
10 . I was born and raised in England in a culture where privacy and “keeping yourself to yourself” were valued traditions. Speaking to strangers was not encouraged. People were most hospitable(好客的) and friendly—but only once they had been introduced to new people.
However, I have been lucky enough to spend some time in both Italy and the US, where I found traditions of hospitality and politeness to be very different.
I experienced Italian hospitality first－hand on a crowded railway carriage travelling, one afternoon, from Genoa to Florence. Sinking gratefully into an empty seat, I was berated(斥责) in rapid Italian by a gentleman who was returning to this seat－it had not been “spare” after all. I apologized in English, and got up to allow him back into the seat. The gentleman obviously had no understanding of the English language, but he, too, realized my genuine mistake. He smiled and gestured for me to remain in the seat, and he himself remained standing in the corridor for the remainder of the journey. The other occupants of the carriage smiled and nodded at me and made me feel quite welcome amongst them. I feel that if this had been in England, a foreigner who made a mistake would not always be so kindly treated.
Transport also featured in the differences I noticed between English and American culture. I flew to New York on a plane with mainly English passengers. We sat together in near silence. Nobody spoke to me nor, as I expected, to anyone else they did not know. They felt it was not polite to intrude on someone else's privacy. However, when I travelled across the United States, whether by plane or Greyhound bus, I was never short of conversation. Conversation was going on all around me and whoever sat next to me was happy to introduce themselves and ask me about myself. They obviously felt it would have been rude not to speak to another person, whether they were strangers or not.
1. What do we know about the occupants of the carriage when the author was travelling in Italy?| A．They all laughed at the author for his mistake. |
| B．They would not bear a mistake like the author's in public. |
| C．They were all on the side of the gentleman. |
| D．They all showed their understanding of the author's mistake. |
| A．cold | B．rude |
| C．hospitable | D．helpful |
| A．they were all strangers to each other |
| B．they were too tired to speak |
| C．privacy was a valued tradition in England |
| D．everybody had their own share of privacy |
| A．his travelling experience |
| B．cultural differences to show hospitality and politeness |
| C．the culture shock he experienced in Italy and the US |
| D．how to adapt ourselves to a new culture |
