1 . By drawing patterns on the surface of a cup of tea, chabaixi, an ancient Chinese tea trick displayed in a recent TV drama, has gone viral for its apparent similarity with modern latte art (咖啡拉花艺术). However, ten years ago, this distinctive technique was close to disappearing completely. Zhang Zhifeng, a practitioner of chabaixi, found scenes of chabaixi in the drama aroused great interest among ordinary people.
Chabaixi can create endless patterns such as bamboos and mountains or even calligraphy. There are over a dozen steps, from grinding (碾碎) tea for fine powder, to pouring boiled water, stirring the mixture for thick froth, and finally drawing the patterns. It is different from making latte because people use clear water as the object to put into the cup instead of milk. But when the water touches the surface of whipped (搅打起泡沫的) tea, it turns into a white color and disappears in 20 minutes. The process before the drawing is known as the tea-making technique, diancha. The quality of diancha is crucial to whether patterns can be successfully produced later.
“Chabaixi is one of the countless forms of tea-making techniques in China. The importance of chabaixi is not only that this technique is unique in the world, but also it gives us a window into people’s lifestyle in the Song Dynasty, a period of time when leisure activities in some ways resemble what we have now,” Zhang said.
Before chabaixi was discovered by TV audiences, the technique was listed as part of China’s Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2017, after it was recovered by Zhang Zhifeng. He started researching the origins of chabaixi in the 1980s and brought the technique back in 2009 after decades of trials and practice. Zhang spent nearly 30 years studying and researching the origins and making of tea, but for him it was all worthwhile.
“This technique is key to the tea culture of the Song Dynasty, and it would be a shame to let it fade. This technique must be passed on to the next generations so they can understand its history,” Zhang said.
1. What do the underlined words “gone viral” probably mean?A.Received good protection. | B.Maintained highly competitive. |
C.Started declining gradually. | D.Become popular quickly. |
A.It is painted with whipped milk. |
B.It involves complicated tea-making skills. |
C.It mainly describes beautiful scenery. |
D.It develops based on latte art. |
A.The significance of chabaixi. | B.The uniqueness of chabaixi. |
C.The origin of chabaixi. | D.The development of chabaixi. |
A.He teaches people the tea culture of the Song Dynasty. |
B.He is leading young generations to innovate chabaixi. |
C.He is committed to developing chabaixi through media. |
D.He encourages people to pass on the technique of chabaixi. |
2 . “The arrow shot is so straight that it hits the bull’s eye, the young people will have good luck…” Dargye sang as he worked on his handmade bag.
Dargye, 56, an artist who excels at traditional craftsmanship and Tibetan folk music in Drinba village in Dragyib district, Nyingchi, Tibet autonomous region, remembers many folk songs he learned from his father and uncle. Now, it’s his turn to pass them on.
“I have liked traditional songs and dances since I was a child,” said Dargye, who has four apprentices (学徒).“The songs tell the histories of our ancestors and carry our unique culture, and-it’s always a lot of fun to perform these traditional songs and dances at various gatherings.” The song topics vary from archery, love, to labor and praise for the land. In addition to teaching these songs to/his family members and apprentices, he also uses social media platforms such as WeChat to teach songs.
His daughter, Chok Butri, also admires the folk culture. After posting a video of her daughter, Tsering Kyi, dancing on Douyin, she gained a lot of new fans on the popular short-video platform. “We are modern people living in a modern era, so it’s important and our responsibility that we use modern tools to pass on our traditional culture to make it last forever.” said Chok Butri, adding that she often posts songs and dances on WeChat and Douyin.
Dargye and his fellow villagers also recreate songs, adding modern elements such as aircraft and trains to the lyrics. Besides singing and dancing, Dargye makes handicrafts decorated with Tibetan cultural elements, including various hide and hair ropes, bags made of leather and cloth, and knife sheaths.
The local government encourages villagers to inherit (继承) and develop folk songs and other forms of traditional culture. Dargye’s efforts to preserve folk culture have been acknowledged by the government. In 2014, he was chosen as a county-level intangible (无形的) cultural inheritor and receives funds every year.
1. Why does Dargye want to pass the culture on?A.He wants to satisfy his interest. | B.He wants to learn from the seniors. |
C.He wants to bring people fun. | D.He wants to inherit and develop it. |
A.To show folk music’s effect on her. | B.To stress Dargye’s influence on her. |
C.To emphasize her love for folk culture. | D.To reveal the popularity of folk culture online. |
A.Ambitious and honest. | B.Talented and curious. |
C.Devoted and creative. | D.Generous and determined. |
A.All efforts to preserve culture pay off |
B.Craftsman carries tunes to preserve culture |
C.An artist prefers traditional songs and dances |
D.Tibetan culture is being protected and passed on |
3 . The famous Dragon Boat Festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.
Qu Yuan supported fighting to protect his country. Though what he did led to his being forced to leave it, he wrote poetry to show his love for it.
Upon hearing the news, villagers took boats and carried dumplings to the middle of the river to try and save Qu Yuan.
Now, dragon boat races are held every year in China, attracting thousands of supporters to participate.
A.He finally became a national hero |
B.It is to remember the death of Qu Yuan |
C.However, their efforts were not successful |
D.Everyone is fighting hard to get the first place |
E.The boats take the form of a traditional Chinese dragon |
F.The rice dumplings became the zongzi we know today |
G.It’s said that Qu Yuan felt great sadness after part of his own country was taken over |
4 . In the South China Sea, there is a group of Jiaoren, or Chinese mermaids (美人鱼), whose teardrops become pearls after they fall. To the north of Kunlun Mountains, there’s a monster called Xiangliu, which has nine heads with human faces but the body of a snake.
These magic creatures from the ancient book of legends Shan Hai Jing, which inspired J. K. Rowling for her Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them series, are now brought back to life by a young Chinese girl in her photos.
Chen Xin, who learned painting as a child, said she started the photo series to commemorate (纪念) the days she spent with her grandma.
Every night before she went to sleep, her grandma told her stories in Shan Hai Jing. “I remember, especially in the summer nights, my grandma stayed outside to enjoy the light wind,” Chen said. “She sat on a rocking chair while I counted the stars and listened to her stories.” These stories opened her mind to an imaginative world with fantastic creatures.
To design the makeup and look of these creatures, Chen checked documents and combined the images with the appearance of animals. She used various means and materials to make the items look like horns or tails. “I used real yak horns (牦牛角). It’s difficult to fix them onto the head and face of models, as they will drop. So it takes a long time,” Chen said. She also chose places whose geographical conditions met the descriptions of the creatures for photos. “For example, some creatures live in areas surrounded by rocks, so I will try to find such a place,” she said.
Recently, Chen has been working on another two photo series about the 24 solar terms and Chinese food. “I’m happy that more and more people are now paying attention to and falling in love with Chinese traditional culture,” she said.
1. Why does the author write the first paragraph?A.To amuse the readers. |
B.To recommend an ancient book. |
C.To introduce the topic of the text. |
D.To stress the diversity of Chinese culture. |
A.To become famous. |
B.To show off her talent. |
C.To spread traditional Chinese culture. |
D.To remember the happy days with her grandma. |
A.Chen’s carefree childhood. |
B.Those peaceful starry nights. |
C.One of J. K. Rowling’s books. |
D.Stories told by Chen’s grandma. |
A.How to draw creatures from Shan Hai Jing. |
B.The efforts Chen made to bring legendary animals to life. |
C.The makeup and look of creatures from Shan Hai Jing. |
D.Where to find a place to match the creatures from Shan Hai Jing. |
5 . Whoever you are, learning how to communicate internationally is the best way to reach out to more people with different cultures.
Learn how people deal with things in their countries. The best way to handle cultural differences is to research how different countries handle business meetings or any other type of communication.
Be aware of language barriers (障碍). You may sound smart with humorous English jargon (行话) among those who have been speaking the language for most of their lives.
Go over any form of written communication before you send it out. It is easy to cause misunderstandings when you deal with people from different parts of the world.
Always stay updated with the social developments.
A.This may happen without your knowing. |
B.Pay more attention to cultural differences. |
C.Employers need to understand that culture shock is real. |
D.However, people from other countries may not understand it. |
E.Different cultures like to receive information in different ways. |
F.It’s known that technology has improved rapidly over the years. |
G.For example, the Japanese prefer you get straight to the point instead of making small talk. |
6 . The following properties which the World Heritage Committee has decided to include on the List of World Heritage are in danger according to Article 11 (4) of the Convention (公约).
Virunga National Park (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Virunga National Park, covering an area of 790,000 ha., includes an outstanding diversity of habitats, ranging from swamps and steppes (沼泽和平原) to the snowfields. Mountain gorillas are also found in the park.
Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley (Afghanistan)
The cultural landscape and archaeological remains of the Bamiyan Valley stand for the artistic and religious developments which from the 1st to the 13th centuries characterized ancient Bakhtria. The area contains a number of Buddhist monastic ensembles (佛教寺院), as well as strong buildings from the Islamic period.
Okapi Wildlife Reserve (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
The Okapi Wildlife Reserve occupies about one-fifth of the Ituri forest in the northeast of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The reserve contains threatened species of primates and birds surviving in the wild. It also has some amazing scenery, including waterfalls on the Ituri and Epulu rivers. The reserve is inhabited by traditional nomadic pygmy Mbuti and Efe hunters.
Historic Center of Vienna (Austria)
Vienna developed from early Celtic and Roman settlements into a Medieval and Baroque city, the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It played an important role as a leading European music center, from the great age of Viennese Classicism through the early part of the 20th century.
1. Which of the following world heritage sites is located in Afghanistan?A.Virunga National Park. | B.Historic Centre of Vienna. |
C.Okapi Wildlife Reserve. | D.Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley. |
A.It’s closely related to Buddhism. | B.It has some fascinating natural scenery. |
C.It has an outstanding variety of habitats. | D.It plays an important role as a leading music center. |
A.They are all in danger. | B.They are open to the public. |
C.They are inhabited by local people. | D.They are to be removed from the World Heritage List. |
7 . There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think. On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are. Many associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families, holding a special and personal value for us. Food from our families often becomes the comfort food we seek as adults in times of frustration and stress.
On a large scale, traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates as an expression of cultural identity. Immigrants bring it wherever they go, and it is a symbol of pride in their culture and means of coping with homesickness.
Many immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional dishes. However, the food does not remain exactly the same. Some materials needed to make traditional dishes may not be readily available, so the taste and flavour can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries. Additionally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes in the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers. Those changes can create new flavours that still keep the cultural significance of the dishes.
We should not only embrace our heritage (传统) through our culture’s food, but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food. It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is a window on culture, and it should be treated as such.
1. What’s the function of food mentioned in the text?A.To help motivate homesickness. |
B.To show cultural identity. |
C.To reflect a country’s history. |
D.To show a community’s superiority. |
A.The specific traditional food. |
B.The national culture. |
C.A traditional expression of food. |
D.The old-fashioned taste. |
A.To attach cultural importance to their dishes. |
B.To announce the beginning of their life on foreign soil. |
C.To make the dishes popular among customers. |
D.To present their own food culture in a new way. |
A.Negative. |
B.Balanced. |
C.Unfair. |
D.Unchangeable. |
Six months ago, 19-year-old Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and friends and boarded a plane for London. It was the first time that she had left China.
Xie Lei is studying for a business qualification at a university in China and has come to our university on a year-long exchange programme. “I chose the exchange programme because I wanted to learn about global business and improve my English. My ambition is to set up a business in China after graduation,” she explained.
At first, Xie Lei had to adapt to life in a different country. “You have to get used to a whole new life,” she said. “I had to learn how to use public transport and how to ask for things I didn’t know the English names for. When I got lost, I had to ask passers-by for help, but people here speak fast and use words I’m not familiar with. I ask them to repeat themselves a lot!”
Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation, Xie Lei chose to live with a host family who can help with her adaptation to the new culture. “When I miss home, I feel comforted to have a second family,” Xie Lei said. “When there’s something I don’t know or understand, I ask them. They are also keen to learn about China. Laura, the daughter of my host family, wants to study in China in the future. We take turns to cook each evening. They really love my stir-fried tomatoes and eggs! Laura says she always feels hungry when she smells it, so I taught her how to cook it, too!”
Another challenge for Xie Lie is the academic requirements. The first time that she had to write an essay, her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought! Xie Lei was confused because she thought she knew less than other people. Her tutor advised her to read a lot of information in order to form a wise opinion of her own.
Xie Lei also found many courses included students’ participation in class as part of the final result. Students need to generate ideas, offer examples, apply concepts, and raise questions, as well as give presentations. At first, Xie Lei had no idea what she should say but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks. “My presentation on traditional Chinese art was a great success, which boosted my confidence,” she said, “I’ll use these skills back home for presentation. They’ll help me build a strong business in the future”.
Now halfway through her exchange year, Xie Lei feels much more at home in the UK. What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to her.” Engaging in British culture has helped,” she said. “As well as studying hard, I’ve been involved in social activities. British people are fascinated by our culture and eager to learn more about it, so I’m keen to share my culture with them. While I’m learning about business, I’m also acting as a cultural messenger building a bridge between us.”
We will follow Xie Lei’s progress in later editions, but for now, we wish her all the best.
1. Why did Xie Lei choose the exchange programme?A.Because her tutor was moving to Britain for a new job. |
B.Because she planed to set up a business in Britain after graduation. |
C.Because she wished to experience a new life in a different country. |
D.Because she wanted to learn about global business and develop her English. |
A.She has learnt to use taxi as main transport. |
B.She has carried a business guidebook for reference. |
C.She has always been with the daughter of her host family. |
D.She has asked for help from passers-by when she got lost. |
A.Speaking a lot in class may give her a favor. |
B.She can take part in lots of academic activities. |
C.She can get help from her tutor and read a lot to prepare. |
D.Raising questions and giving presentation can help for writing. |
A.By giving a presentation on traditional Chinese art. |
B.By teaching people how to taste Chinese food. |
C.By involving herself in academic essays. |
D.By sharing western culture with people. |
9 . Two armchairs are in the Whitworth Art Gallery in Manchester. Denise, a blogger with past experience of homelessness, is sitting in one armchair, waiting for questions. A person sits opposite her, asking if it’s OK to give money to homeless people on the street. “It’s down to personal choice,” replies Denise. “Some worry it is enabling addictions, but it’s also providing someone with money to pay for shelter.” The dialogues are part of a performance artwork called Are you sitting comfortably? The work was part of the opening International Arts and Homelessness Festival.
At the festival there were also the works of artists, many of whom had experience of homelessness like Lawrence. Lawrence now has become an enthusiastic gardener, filling second-hand containers with soil and seeds. He has also written poetry to deal with life’s hardships. “My life started the day I stepped into this place.” he said. “Everyone has some genius, I think, and they help bring it out.”
The festival ended with “an immersive (沉浸式的) opera” Man on Bench, written by and starring Tovey. His story covers a string of bad luck, including being diagnosed with cancer. Tovey was once homeless and desperate on a park bench when a guard started a conversation with him. The result was that Tovey moved into a night shelter and started taking photos and began winning photography competitions. That was five years ago. He now gives talks and runs events all over the country.
Man on Bench doesn’t sugarcoat the realities of life on the street. “But we do want to change people’s minds,” he said. In a safe environment, focusing on drawing, people are more likely to get to know their problems. Then they will think about how to change. That’s why it’s so powerful. It gets people thinking.
1. What is Denise’s attitude towards giving money to the homeless?A.Objective. | B.Uncaring. | C.Negative. | D.Active. |
A.By joining in the festival. |
B.By creating numbers of artworks. |
C.By doing gardening and writing poems. |
D.By solving poor people’s personal problems. |
A.It hides the real life of the homeless. |
B.It is probably based on Tovey’s real life. |
C.It encourages the homeless to find shelter. |
D.It is a piece of poetry composed by Tovey. |
A.Art Reflecting Life. | B.Art Festival Is Going on. |
C.Life of the Homelessness. | D.Art Changes the Life of the Homeless. |
10 . As the saying goes, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” Therefore, when you intend to run your business in France, you may as well get to know French culture, make marketing plans, and do business by local laws.
Use first names only after being invited to.
Dress well. The French draw information about people based on their appearance. Your business clothing is a reflection of your success and social status.
The French are passionate about food, so lunches are common in doing business in France, which usually consist of an appetizer, a main meal with wine, cheese, dessert and coffee, and normally take up to two hours.
Do not begin eating until the host says “bon appetite”. Pass dishes to the left, keep wrists above the table and try to eat everything on the plate.
A.Always try to be tasteful and stylish. |
B.Remember to be as polite as possible. |
C.This is a time for relationship building. |
D.Use Monsieur or Madame before the surname. |
E.Be careful with adding salt, pepper or sauces to your food. |
F.Make an appointment with your business partner in advance. |
G.Language should be the focus of anyone planning to do business in France |