1 . Once a year in a small mountain village, the Mande people gather to hear the folk stories of their traditions. The man playing an instrument called Sosso-Bala while singing is the storyteller. He holds all the folk knowledge of the Mande people.
Most of us don’t have a musical instrument that ties us together, but we have someone in our lives who’s the keeper of our folk knowledge. Often it’s a grandmother, who keeps all our stories of wisdom ready to tell upon request.
Traditionally, we share it in small units—families sharing around a dinner table.
But we don’t gather once a year to reality check our “folk stories” as the Mande people do; nor do we center our folk traditions around a musical instrument. The internet has no reality except its own and, left unchecked, its wisdom has no rhythm(节奏).
A.It’s just chaos. |
B.This is why we do it. |
C.Human wisdom has been passed down through generations. |
D.The stories can be useful for dealing with all sorts of doubts. |
E.Nowadays, folk knowledge has expanded to digital networks. |
F.Now the internet has made valuable folk wisdom at your fingertips. |
G.Recently, we discovered that this very human practice isn’t limited to humans. |
2 . My mom is an immigrant from China. She speaks Mandarin. She is culturally and ethnically Chinese. She cooks Chinese food every night. She even complains when the local restaurants are not authentic — according to her, most of them are awful.
But weirdly enough, she also enjoys American Chinese food. When she wants to meet with her friends, who are also Chinese immigrants, she likes to have lunch with them at P. F. Chang’s. She likes Panda Express, and she is quick to point it out whenever we are at a food court with one.
Why, then, does American Chinese food seem to have a bad reputation among Chinese Americans? I see this kind of sentiment on the Internet: how American Chinese food, like Panda Express, isn’t “real” Chinese food, how it’s so much worse than actual Chinese food, how it’s “fake” and “unauthentic,” or when people joke about how eating it would be a disgrace to their family. While a lot of these things are technically true, they give American Chinese food too much flack.
American Chinese food deserves to be seen as its own legitimate cuisine. It’s important to distinguish American Chinese food from authentic Chinese food. They are not the same cuisine and should not be treated the same.
Like American Chinese food, many foods are borrowed from different cultures. Ramen (拉面) originated from China, but we associate it with Japan because Japanese people made their own version of the dish. Japan also has its own form of curry (咖喱). Should we avoid Japanese ramen and Japanese curry, then? Of course not, and American Chinese cuisine isn’t even the only variation of Chinese cuisine that exists: Indian Chinese cuisine is a popular fusion spin-off, for example.
In fact, American Chinese food is often created by Chinese immigrants themselves adapting their cuisine to cater to the American taste palette. It’s not necessarily a bad thing to have to adapt, as people from different countries will always have differences in taste; that’s just how it is. So there’s nothing wrong with going out to an American Chinese restaurant, because chances are that you’re supporting a “real” Chinese business. In this way, American Chinese food actually is real Chinese food.
1. How does the author’s mother like American Chinese restaurants?A.She complains but enjoys them. | B.She thinks they are awful enough. |
C.She regards them as distinct. | D.She thinks they deserve no consumers. |
A.Praise. | B.Evaluation. | C.Criticism. | D.Comments. |
A.To push us to rethink the origin and history of many foods. |
B.To prove that Japanese people are good at making new dishes. |
C.To urge that we should avoid eating Japanese ramen and curry. |
D.To stress that foods borrowed from other nations are acceptable. |
A.Cautious. | B.Sympathetic. | C.Indifferent. | D.Ambiguous. |
3 . With a few hours until curtain call, a quiet but noticeable energy fills the backstage dressing room of the famous Sunbeam Theatre, known as “Hong Kong’s Grand Palace for Cantonese Opera” Tonight, it’s the annual Rose family performance.
Some of the performers are eating takeout boxes of food, sure to sustain them through the bows-long show ahead. Others are getting a head start on their make-up. A few are being helped into their colorful costumes by eager assistants.
But there is something unexpectedly unusual about this particular performance that becomes obvious as soon as the curtains rise some of the people on stage aren’t Chinese.
Mike Brady, who comes from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, stands on stage in full costume. But he has never seen a Cantonese Opera, let alone been in one. As a background character, he has no spoken lines.
This unlikely actor owes his first performance to Lyle Rose, a fellow American who stands next to him in a similar costume. When it comes to performing, Lyle, a native New Yorker who now lives in Hong Kong, is not as green of a performer as Mike; in fact, he is the mastermind behind tonight’s show.
The entire Rose family is on stage. Mike himself is actually a new addition to the group: his daughter recently married Lyle’s younger son.
Cantonese Opera is a family affair for Lyle. Every year, Lyle, his wife, Cynthia Hu-Rose, a Hong Konger, and two sons put on a performance to raise money for local charities. But their true purpose for doing it is simply to introduce people to it. Though Cantonese Opera remains an important part of Hong Kong culture, it has to compete with many other forms of entertainment for the attention of younger generations, who associate n with their grandparents. “We love Cantonese Opera,” Lyle said. “We want people of all ages to come and watch.”
1. What scene is described in Paragraph 2?A.Actors are practicing a play backstage. |
B.Actors are getting ready for an upcoming show. |
C.The audience are lending a hand to a performer. |
D.The audience are eagerly waiting for a big show. |
A.Some of its performers are American. |
B.Most of its performers have no spoken lines. |
C.Some of its performers wear newly styled costumes |
D.Most of its performers have never performed before |
A.He lacks performing experience. |
B.He has seldom seen Cantonese Opera. |
C.He directs and plays a part in tonight’s show. |
D.He always plays a background character in opera shows. |
A.To make a living abroad. |
B.To collect money for local charities. |
C.To change elders’ opinions about operas. |
D.To attract younger audiences to Cantonese Opera. |
4 . Books are the most valuable cultural heritage. However, there are many ancient Chinese classics suffering from different degrees of damage due to various reasons.
Bai Yuzhi,a post-90s restorer (修复师) at the Wuhan Library,graduated from Wuhan University in 2016 with a major in restoring ancient books. She is now the fourth generation of restorers at the Wuhan Library, Bai started practicing this technique during her after-class activities at college in 2014.
Bai has restored about 10,000 pages of ancient books in her over 10 years of work. The most difficult part of the restoration, according to her, is keeping everything under exact control over every stage.
With the advancement of science and digital technology, the methods for protecting ancient books have become more various.
A.The task of restoration is demanding. |
B.Sometimes the book is badly damaged. |
C.Bai works in reader service for ancient books. |
D.This led to a new field—restoring ancient books. |
E.She officially became a restorer in February 2019. |
F.Recording the content of a book demands a restorer’s patience. |
G.She gave an example of the challenges in preparing a suitable paste. |
5 . China’s famous museums include ancient buildings and world class modern museums with big collections. They are excellent places for sightseeing and learning about China.
Sanxingdui Museum
The museum is on the path less beaten by tourists, but it makes one of the top museums for the 3,400-year-old artworks. If you’re an ancient history fan, this place will attract you. If you love art, its style will surprise you a lot.
The Palace Museum
The museum is one of the largest old buildings kept in the country with a history of 600 years old. Built at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty between 1406 and 1420, it was the home of 24 rulers and their courts. It is one of the finest buildings in China and a good place to study Chinese history.
The Shanghai Museum
The big modern museum is popular with foreign tourists. It is probably the most modern museum with the focus on creative art displays about the history of the whole area. Located in People’s Square, the museum is most famous for its huge collection of china.
The Shaanxi History Museum
Since 14 historical dynasties founded their capitals and developed in Shaanxi Province, the museum may have the oldest treasure of all the museums in China. The artworks show the greatness of the museum, and the displays are modern and well laid out.
1. What do we know about the Palace Museum?A.The museum is one of the oldest buildings in China. |
B.The museum was built at the end of the Ming Dynasty. |
C.The museum was the home of 26 rulers and their courts. |
D.The museum is a good place to learn Chinese history. |
A.Sanxingdui Museum. | B.The Palace Museum. |
C.The Shanghai Museum. | D.The Shaanxi History Museum. |
A.A person who is fond of music. | B.A person who is into Chinese culture. |
C.A person who has passion for movies. | D.A person who is interested in sports. |
6 . Yunnan offers exciting experiences of unique customs. If you are already planning to visit Yunnan, see our festival tours.
The Torch (火把) Festival
Date: July /August (days 24 to 26 of the sixth lunar month)
Location: Lijiang
It is a traditional festival among the Yi, Naxi, and Bai minority (少数民族) groups. According to the ancient rule of the Naxi people, the Torch Festival should last three days, and every family should light a big torch in front of their doors for the three days.
Recommended Tour: 3-Day Ancient Lijiang Tour
The Water Splashing (泼酒) Festival
Date: April 13 to 15
Location: Xishuangbanna
It is the most important festival observed by the Dai people of Xishuangbanna in southen Yunnan. It involves splashing water, lantern floating and other joyful activities.
Recommended tour: 6-Day Xishaungbanna Tour
The Horse Race Festival
Date: May/June (5th of the fifth lunar month)
Location: Shangri-la
Falling on the same date as the Dragon Boat Festival, it is the biggest gathering of Tibetans in Yunnan and usually lasts about 3 days. During the celebrations, traditional performances and competitions like horse racing and wrestling (摔跤) will beheld.
Recommended tour: 8-Day Yunnan Tour of the Nu River and Tengchong
The Third Month Fair of the Bai Group
Date: April /May(days 15 to 21 of the third lunar month)
Location: Dali
It is one of the most important festivals celebrated by the Bai people in Dali in western Yunnan. During the March Fair, the streets of Dali Ancient Town are packed with people selling amazing minority items.
Recommended tour: 6-Day Yunnan Minorities Tour
1. What do the Torch Festival and the Water Splashing Festival have in common?A.The date. | B.The location. |
C.The lasting time | D.The celebratory events. |
A.The Torch Festival. | B.The Water Splashing Festival. |
C.The Horse Race Festival. | D.The Third Month Fair of the Bai Group. |
A.A business research. | B.A newspaper report. |
C.An educational magazine. | D.An advertising leaflet. |
7 . In 2018, the town of Carefree, in the USA was seeking a pumpkin carver to help their newly-planned Enchanted Pumpkin Garden Festival become an instant success. Luckily for them, the sculptor Ray Villafane fell in love with the four-acre Carefree Desert Gardens and agreed to carve pumpkins for the tourists. Then, the festival became a hit in 2018. Now the annual event, which began to take place from October 19 to October 28, in 2011, includes many fun activities for both kids and adults. However, it is the pumpkin carvings that remain the star attraction.
This year, Villafane and his team reached the garden in early October to carve the popular “pickled pumpkins”. Placed inside tanks resembling some kinds of plants to fit in with the environment, the 3D pumpkin artworks were put in a special liquid that helped preserve them for a longer period of time.
Throughout the festival, Villafane and his team also held several live demonstrations, adding to the impressive carved pumpkins on exhibition. They also volunteered to give many pumpkin-carving fans valuable tips.
Besides the wonderful carvings, guests had the chance to go into a pumpkin world, complete with tales. The tales featured pumpkin dead bodies running through the grass, and a group of helpless pumpkins attempting to free their peers imprisoned by a scary-looking figure with only bones. Then, there were the hard-working rats who were sewing a pumpkin.
The highlight of the festival came on October 27, when Villafane transformed a huge pumpkin into a dinosaur. The festival also featured activities including pie-eating matches, story-telling, face painting, and pumpkin-carving matches.
Villafane’s skill first came to light in 1996 after he sculpted a pumpkin for his students during Halloween. In 2007, while still teaching, he decided to use his skills to create action figures for Marvel Comics. Over the next two years, the artist created numerous popular characters. In 2009, Villafane accepted a full-time position about carving toys at DC Comics. In 2013, he finally decided to go after his true love — pumpkin carving. Since he first began carving, the expert has sculpted 2,576 pieces of outstanding works in 102 cities around the world.
The expert using basic carving tools for his most complex creations stands out in the festival.
1. How did the festival held in Carefree become very popular and successful in 2018?A.Thanks to the fantastic songs and dances. |
B.Owing to the pumpkins carved by Villafane. |
C.Due to the four-acre Carefree Desert Gardens. |
D.On account of quite a few celebrities attending it. |
A.Some large mouses eating a pumpkin. |
B.Pumpkin dead bodies running through the forest. |
C.Pumpkins trying to fight against a figure with only bones. |
D.A pumpkin dinosaur attempting to free helpless pumpkins. |
A.In1996. | B.In 2007. | C.In 2009. | D.In 2013. |
A.Sports. | B.Innovation. | C.Politics. | D.Culture. |
8 . A music festival is a community event focusing on live performances of singing and instrument playing that is often presented with a theme. On the list are the music festivals for fans around the world. Find your favorite now!
Field Day
January 1, 2023, Sydney
Field Day means New Year’s Day for young people in Sydney. Seen as the city’s original multi-stage party, it’s a gathering of friends coming together for a great fun-filled first day of the year. There’s an air of hope and positive energy on a perfect summer’s day.
The Envision Festival
February 27—March 6, 2023, Uvita
The Envision Festival is an annual gathering in Costa Rica that aims to provide an opportunity for different cultures to work with one another to create a better community. The festival encourages people to practice art, music, dance performances, and education. Meanwhile, our connection with nature is expected to be strengthened.
The McDowell Mountain Music Festival
March 2—4, 2023, Phoenix
The McDowell Mountain Music Festival is Phoenix’s musical celebration of community culture. Since its foundation in 2004, it has been the only 100% non-profit music festival designed to support, entertain and educate the community. The festival attracts thousands of visitors each year from around the country, and it is an opportunity to experience true culture.
The Old Settler’s Music Festival
April 20—23, 2023, Dale
The Old Settler’s Music Festival is a nationally known music festival for American music. The festival is held in the country of Texas at the height of the wild flower season. The Old Settler’s Music Festival offers great music and activities for the whole family.
1. In which city can people enjoy a fun New Year’s Day?A.Phoenix. | B.Uvita. | C.Sydney. | D.Dale. |
A.It encourages people to receive education. | B.It is not aimed at making money. |
C.It provides an opportunity for friend gathering. | D.It focuses on cultural exchanges. |
A.Field Day and the Envision Festival. |
B.The Envision Festival and the McDowell Mountain Music Festival. |
C.The Old Settler’s Music Festival and the McDowell Mountain Music Festival. |
D.The Envision Festival and the Old Settler’s Music Festival. |
9 . People from East Asia tend to have more difficulties than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.
Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly (均匀的) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes.
“We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said. “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and overlook the mouth.”
According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations.
The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.
It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did. “The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,” Jack said. “Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion. Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.”
In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.
1. What does the discovery show about Westerners?A.They pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth. |
B.They consider facial expressions universally reliable. |
C.They observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways. |
D.They have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions. |
A.To get their faces impressive. | B.To make a face at each other. |
C.To classify some face pictures. | D.To observe the researchers’ faces. |
A.They do translation more successfully. | B.They study the mouth more frequently. |
C.They examine the eyes more attentively. | D.They read facial expressions more correctly. |
A.The Eye as the Window to the Soul | B.Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions |
C.Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills | D.How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding |
10 . Today we are going to talk about the expression: A rolling stone gathers no moss (苔藓). Most of you probably know that a stone is the same thing as a rock. But what about moss?
Moss is a very soft, green plant. It has very small leaves and does not flower. It loves shade and water, so moss grows well on wet ground, trees and rocks. In fact, rocks and stones that line shady creeks (小溪) and rivers are often mossy. Moss grows slowly and is a rootless plant. It spreads well over non-moving surfaces. In fact, to prevent moss from growing on stones in your garden, you can just move the rocks around, turning them over now and then.
Why? Just as the saying goes, “A rolling stone gathers no moss.” Writer Shelley Gollust explained that the saying can be understood in a couple of ways. It can mean that a person who never settles down in one place will not gather wealth or long-lasting relationships. The moss that slowly spreads across the rock represents the money and friends we make over time.
But there is another way we use this expression. Think about a rolling stone. It leads a carefree life, on the move with no moss to worry about. People who are “rolling stones” live without the restrictions that come with responsibilities. They go anywhere anytime they want. And they don’t stay anywhere long enough to form attachments (爱恋). A free spirit is also a term we use to describe such a person. They are not tied down with lots of traditional responsibilities.
A rolling stone could also be described as “nomadic (游牧的)”. Experts at the Merriam-Webster online dictionary define (下定义) a nomad as “a member of a group of people who move from place to place”. Often nomads move around to find food. However, these days we can use the word “nomadic” to describe anyone who moves around a lot.
1. What can we know about moss from Paragraph 2?A.It is a soft plant that grows on rolling stones. |
B.It is a special plant that can grow in deep rivers. |
C.It is a green plant that spreads over wet surfaces. |
D.It is a rootless plant that can flower in your garden. |
A.A man who lives a free life. |
B.A man who has lots of friends. |
C.A man who loves moving rocks. |
D.A man who is responsible for his family. |
A.Difficulties. | B.Purposes. | C.Achievements. | D.Limits. |
A.Language. | B.Science. | C.Nature. | D.History. |